InsectsInsectsGetting to Know Your Gardening Getting to Know Your Gardening Friends and Foes, Through Basic Friends and Foes, Through Basic

EntomologyEntomology

Megan TierneyMegan TierneyVirginia Cooperative Extension HamptonVirginia Cooperative Extension Hampton

Featured InsectsFeatured Insects

Featured Insect Featured Insect

Featured InsectFeatured Insect

What You Will LearnWhat You Will Learn

Basic ClassificationBasic ClassificationInsect Form and StructureInsect Form and StructureInsect DevelopmentInsect DevelopmentBenefit and Values of Benefit and Values of InsectsInsectsInsect Defense StrategiesInsect Defense Strategies

Taxonomy of Insects Taxonomy of Insects

What is Taxonomy? How is it changing?What is Taxonomy? How is it changing?

It utilizes Latin nomenclature (WHY?)It utilizes Latin nomenclature (WHY?)

Taxonomy of InsectsTaxonomy of Insects

The World is divided into two main groups of The World is divided into two main groups of living organisms under living organisms under Kingdom Kingdom , plants , plants and animals.and animals.

What separates them?What separates them? What kingdom are we in? and Insects?What kingdom are we in? and Insects?

Basic Classification Basic Classification ExampleExample Housefly Musca domesticaHousefly Musca domestica

Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia Phylum: ArthropodaPhylum: Arthropoda Class: InsectaClass: Insecta Order: DipteraOrder: Diptera Family: muscidaeFamily: muscidae Genus: MuscaGenus: Musca Species: domesticaSpecies: domestica Common name: houseflyCommon name: housefly

Basic Classification PhylaBasic Classification Phyla

ArthropodaArthropodaInsects, Spiders, Mites, Insects, Spiders, Mites,

Crayfish, MillipedesCrayfish, Millipedes

ArthropodsArthropods

Arthropods have several things in common Arthropods have several things in common that are not shared by any other animal.that are not shared by any other animal. ExoskeletonExoskeleton Body segmentationBody segmentation Segmented appendagesSegmented appendages Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Open circulatory systemOpen circulatory system Dorsal heartDorsal heart Ventral nerve tube Ventral nerve tube

Class ArthropodaClass Arthropoda

Animals within the Phylum Arthropoda Animals within the Phylum Arthropoda belong to several classes. They include:belong to several classes. They include:

Class Insecta (insects) Our focusClass Insecta (insects) Our focus Class Arachnida (spiders and mites)Class Arachnida (spiders and mites) Class Diplopoda (millipedes)Class Diplopoda (millipedes) Class Chilopoda (centipedes)Class Chilopoda (centipedes) Class Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, shrimp)Class Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, shrimp) Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)

InsectsInsects

InsectsInsects

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta Microcoryphia –Jumping Microcoryphia –Jumping

BristletailsBristletails Thysanura –Silverfish and Thysanura –Silverfish and

FirebratsFirebrats Ephemeroptera-MayfliesEphemeroptera-Mayflies Odonata- Dragonflies and Odonata- Dragonflies and

DamselfliesDamselflies Blattodea-CockroachesBlattodea-Cockroaches Isoptera-TermitesIsoptera-Termites Mantodea-MantidsMantodea-Mantids Grylloblattodea-RockcrawlersGrylloblattodea-Rockcrawlers Dermaptera-EarwigsDermaptera-Earwigs Plecoptera-StonefliesPlecoptera-Stoneflies

Prthoptera-Grasshoppers, Prthoptera-Grasshoppers, Crickets, KatydidsCrickets, Katydids

Phasmida- Stick InsectsPhasmida- Stick Insects Embioptera-WebspinnersEmbioptera-Webspinners Zoraptera-ZorapteransZoraptera-Zorapterans Psocoptera-Barklice and Psocoptera-Barklice and

BookliceBooklice Phthiraptera-Chewing Phthiraptera-Chewing

Sucking LiceSucking Lice Hemiptera-True Bigs, Hemiptera-True Bigs,

Cicadas, Hoppers, and KinCicadas, Hoppers, and Kin Thysanoptera-ThripsThysanoptera-Thrips

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta Megaloptera-Dobsonflies, Megaloptera-Dobsonflies,

Fishflies,and AlderfliesFishflies,and Alderflies Raphidioptera-SnakefliesRaphidioptera-Snakeflies Neuroptera-Antlions, Neuroptera-Antlions,

Lacewings, Mantidflies, and Lacewings, Mantidflies, and OwlfliesOwlflies

Coleoptera-BeetlesColeoptera-Beetles Strepsiptera-Twisted-Winged Strepsiptera-Twisted-Winged

ParasitesParasites Mecoptera-Scorpionflies and Mecoptera-Scorpionflies and

HangingfliesHangingflies Siphonaptera-FleasSiphonaptera-Fleas Diptera-FliesDiptera-Flies

Trichoptera-CaddisfliesTrichoptera-Caddisflies Lepidoptera-Butterfiles and Lepidoptera-Butterfiles and

MothsMoths Hymenoptera- Ants, Bees, Hymenoptera- Ants, Bees,

and Waspsand Wasps

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

OrthopteraOrthoptera Crickets, Katydids,Crickets, Katydids, GrasshoppersGrasshoppers

Gradual Gradual MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

IsopteraIsoptera TermitesTermites

Gradual Gradual Metamorphosis Metamorphosis

Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

ThysanopteraThysanoptera ThripsThrips

Gradual Gradual MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Rasping-Sucking Rasping-Sucking MouthpartsMouthparts

Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

HemipteraHemiptera True BugsTrue Bugs

Gradual Gradual MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Piercing-sucking Piercing-sucking MouthpartsMouthparts

Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

HomopteraHomoptera Aphids, ScaleAphids, Scale

Gradual Gradual MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Piercing-sucking Piercing-sucking MouthpartsMouthparts

Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

ColeopteraColeoptera Beetles, WeevilsBeetles, Weevils

Complete Complete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

LepidopteraLepidoptera Butterflies, MothsButterflies, Moths

Complete Complete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing or Siphoning Chewing or Siphoning MouthpartsMouthparts

Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

HymenopteraHymenoptera Bees, Wasps, AntsBees, Wasps, Ants

Complete Complete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

DipteraDiptera FliesFlies

Complete Complete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing or sponging Chewing or sponging MouthpartsMouthparts

One Pair of WingsOne Pair of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

SiphonopteraSiphonoptera FleasFleas

Complete Complete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing or Piercing-Chewing or Piercing-sucking Mouthpartssucking Mouthparts

No WingsNo Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

DermopteraDermoptera EarwigEarwig

Gradual Gradual MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts Two Pairs of WingsTwo Pairs of Wings

Basic Classification Basic Classification Orders of The Class InsectaOrders of The Class Insecta

ThysanuraThysanura SilverfishSilverfish

Gradual Gradual MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts No WingsNo Wings

Insect MorphologyInsect MorphologyForm and StructureForm and Structure

To Be a Member of To Be a Member of The Insecta Club The Insecta Club Your Adult Stage Your Adult Stage

Must Have:Must Have:

Three Body RegionsThree Body Regions Three Pairs of LegsThree Pairs of Legs One Pair of AntennaeOne Pair of Antennae Zero to Two Pairs of Zero to Two Pairs of

WingsWings

MorphologyMorphology

EyesEyes

AntennaeAntennaeTypes of Antennae

Serrated

Monilliform

Filiform

Setaceaus

Aristate

Plumose

Clavate

Lamellate

Pectinate

MouthpartsMouthpartsChewingChewing

Chewing- LappingChewing- Lapping

Sponging Sponging

Piercing - SuckingPiercing - Sucking

SiphoningSiphoning

ThoraxThorax

LegsLegs

WingsWings

AbdomenAbdomen

Insect Development Insect Development MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

No MetamorphosisNo Metamorphosis

Gradual MetamorphosisGradual Metamorphosis

Incomplete Incomplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Incomplete Incomplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis

Benefits And Value Of Benefits And Value Of InsectsInsects

Pollinating Pollinating Destroying WeedsDestroying Weeds Improving The Physical Condition of The SoilImproving The Physical Condition of The Soil Scavenging And Devouring Dead Plants and Scavenging And Devouring Dead Plants and

AnimalsAnimals Are Predators to Harmful PestsAre Predators to Harmful Pests Are Parasites of Harmful PestsAre Parasites of Harmful Pests

PollinatorsPollinators

What Would Life Be Like With Out What Would Life Be Like With Out Pollinators?Pollinators?

What plants would be left to eat?What plants would be left to eat?

This Would Be Our DietThis Would Be Our Diet

Insects Destroying Insects Destroying WeedsWeeds

Weed FeedersWeed Feeders

Improving Soil ConditionImproving Soil Condition

FBI Agents of DecayFBI Agents of Decay FungusFungus BacteriaBacteria InsectsInsects

Insects As PredatorsInsects As Predators

ParasitesParasites ParasitoidsParasitoids

InsectInsectDefense StrategiesDefense Strategies

Hiding Hiding Death FeigningDeath Feigning Startle DisplaysStartle Displays Mechanical Mechanical ChemicalChemical MimicryMimicry Collective Collective

What insect is this?What insect is this?

Insects Can Be Our Insects Can Be Our Friends!!Friends!!