BASIC FIRST AID:BLEEDING

By :

Agbuya , Zarah Yvonne

Alarcio , Janmaverick

Alvarez, Adrian Joseph

Aquino, Trisha Mae

Aracan, Deniel Kendrick

University of Santo Tomas

• is the provision of initial care for

an illness or injury commonly done in the

absence of a certified health professional.

• 3 AIMS OF FIRST AID :

- Preserve life

- Prevent further injury

- Promote recovery

FIRST AID (OVERVIEW)

TWO UNCONVENTIONAL TYPES OF First AID

1. Military FIRST AID

- Military first aid is

taught

within the cadet

forces and

should only be used

in a

military or law

enforcement

scenario. It takes

into account the

dangers of

combat and a

combat zone,

and also utilises

PHILIPPINE SETTING :

2. Civilian FIRST AID

- the usual first aid method employed by civilian emergency medical responders.

- It implements a careful step by step procedure in the performance of first aid unlike the drastic measures imposed in the

TWO UNCONVENTIONAL TYPES OF First AID

• PHILIPPINE SETTING:

IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID TO A PHARMACIST

• Pharmacists have expanded their healthcare roles to not just being compounders of drugs, but to being drug experts as well. They now provide clinical services such as drug intervention and management, ambulatory care, etc. so it is imperative that all pharmacists must know these basic first aid skills to affirm their roles as health professionals and as health care providers.

WHAT IS BLEEDING?

I-DEFINITION

• Bleeding, technically known

as hemorrhaging ,is the loss of

blood escaping from the circulatory system.

Bleeding can occur internally, where blood

leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or

externally, either through a natural opening

such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra,

vagina, or anus, or through a break in

the skin.

Classification of bleeding

Capillary Bleeding

Venous Bleeding

Arterial Bleeding

Capillary Bleeding

• Capillaries

are the

smallest

blood

vessels in

your body;

they are

about as

thin as the

hairs on

your head.

Capillary Bleeding

• When a minor scrape or cut opens some capillaries, the bleeding is almost always very slow and small in quantity. Your body's natural clotting mechanism is able to stop most cases of capillary bleeding within seconds to minutes.

• Blood oozes from the wound

Venous Bleeding

• Deep cuts have the

potential to cut

open veins. A cut

vein typically

results in a steady

but relatively slow

flow of dark red

blood.

• The best way to

stop most cases of

venous bleeding is

to put direct

Arterial Bleeding

• This is the least common and most dangerous type of bleeding. It involves bright red blood that comes out in large volume, and in spurts that correspond

Arterial Bleeding

• In most cases of arterial bleeding, direct

and extremely firm pressure on the wound

is the best way of stopping it. If direct

pressure is not applied, a severe arterial

wound can cause you to bleed to death

within a few minutes.

Comparison

COMMON CAUSES OF BLEEDING

Traumatic Bleeding

Medical Conditions

Medicines

Traumatic Bleeding• Caused by an injury (can vary

in severity) but most will cause bleeding to some degree

TYPES:

• Abrasions that don’t penetrate below the skin

• Hematoma or bruises -collection of blood outside of a blood vessel giving the skin a spongy, rubbery, lumpy feel

• Crushing injuries

• Lacerations or incisions

• Puncture wounds (needles or knives)

• Gunshot wounds

Medical Conditions• Generally rarer than traumatic bleeding

Includes:

• Hemophilia- bleeding disorder in which

blood doesn’t clot normally

• Leukemia- abnormal increase in the

number of white blood cells

• Liver Disease

• Menorrhagia- abnormal profuse menstrual

flow

• Von Willebrand’s disease- deficiency of

blood clotting protein

• Thrombocytopenia-abnormally low

amount of platelets

• Vit. K Deficiency

• Brain trauma - also known as intracranial

injury, occurs when an external force

traumatically injures the brain

Medical Conditions

• Bowel obstruction-mechanical or

functional obstruction of the intestines,

preventing the normal transit of the

products of digestion

• Congestive heart failure- occurs when the

heart isn't able to pump blood normally

• Lung Cancer

• Acute Bronchitis

Medicines

• Some medicines can increase your chances of bleeding or even causes bleeding

• You will be WARNED about this and ADVISED WHAT TO DO when you are first prescribed the medication

Medicines that may be responsible for bleeding:

• Blood-thinning medications- reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke by reducing the formation of blood clots in your arteries and veins.

• Antibiotics (used in long term basis)

• Radiation therapy

TREATMENT OFBLEEDING

How to address severe bleeding

• Sanitize your

hands if you

can. If you

have them, put

on surgical

gloves. This will

help to prevent

infection to the

injured person.

How to address severe bleeding

• Lay the injured person down flat andelevate the legs or place a pillow underthe body so that the trunk is just slightlyhigher than the head. If the wound is in alimb, elevate the limb.

How to address severe bleeding

• Cover the victim with a blanket, if

possible, to keep body heat in.

How to address severe bleeding

• Remove any debris or dirt from the

bleeding area without removing any

large chunks that may have caused the

damage.

How to address severe bleeding

• Apply pressureon the bleedingarea to stopseverebleeding. If youhave a clean clothor bandage, use it.Otherwise, usewhatever youhave, includingyour hands. Holdthe pressure for 20minutes withoutchecking the

How to address severe bleeding

• Place a pad over the wound tightly with the edges of the wound held together for a gaping wound. Wrap the wound with a bandage if you have one. If not, use a clean cloth or whatever else you have. Bind it with adhesive tape. Continue to use

How to address severe bleeding

• Add cloths

or any other

absorbent

material you

might have if

the bleeding

does not

stop and is

coming

through the

bandage.

How to address severe bleeding

• Place an

ice pack on

the

wounded

area. This

will help to

constrict

blood

vessels,

which will

help stop

How to address severe bleeding

• Locate the artery nearest to the wound

and apply pressure to it, keeping your

fingers flat and against the bone if the

bleeding does not stop.

– In the arm, the pressure points are

located slightly below the inside of the

armpit and slightly above the elbow. You

can also find a pressure point at the

wrist.

– In the leg, the pressure points are in the

groin area and behind the knee.

How to address severe bleeding

How to address severe bleeding

• Get the

injured

person to the

emergency

room as

quickly as

you can when

the bleeding

has stopped

or continue to

wait for help

to arrive.

Classificationof Bleeding

• Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat

• Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream

• Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound

God BlessSTAY HEALTHY, STAY HAPPY!