basic first aid.docx

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Basic First Aid

Course Objective:

By the end of this course, the delegates will be able to: Dene the meaning of First aid and First Aider

Enumerate the Roles of a First Aider

Identify the Chain of ur!i!al

Demonstrate C"R on a #ro#er manner to an adult #atient$s%

Identify common emergencies in adults

uch as: Cho&ing Bleeding hoc& Burns and scalds Fracture 'eat emergencies

Administer First Aid (anagement the common emergencies

Analy)e when to acti!ate E(*

First AidIs the management of a sudden illness or in+ury #ro!ided before the emergency

ser!ice arri!e to #ro!ide #rofessional medical care*

Principles of First Aid

Bridge that lls the ga# between the #atient and allied medical #ersonnel

Ensure the safety of e!eryone

Determine any threats to the #atients life

"ro!ide needed care to the #atient

Assist medical #ersonnel as needed

ummon more ad!ance care as needed*

Body Substance Isolation-his is to #re!ent the transmission of communicable diseases from one #erson to

another $ e*i glo!es, mouth barrier, mas&, etc*%

.enture /ulf -raining Centre CM 004/Rev 0/Dated 20thOctober 2005

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Basic First Aid

CALL FOR HLP !H":

1'eart Attac& 1e!ere #ain 1Road

accident

1Di2culty in breathing 1Bro&en bones 13nsure

what to do

1Bleeding badly 1Fall

#er$ency Action Principles

A* "RI(AR4 3R.E40* cene safety5 6bser!e the scene7 ma&e sure there is no ha)ard #rior to

a##roaching the !ictim*8* Chec& for 9ife threatening conditions $R5ABC%

Res#onsi!enessAirwayBreathing

C"R

CPR $Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation% 5 manually #um#s the heart for circulation

and rescue breaths for oygenation* .ery e;ecti!e when started immediately after

the #atient had colla#sed*

O"L% S&OP CPR !H":


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Basic First Aid

0* (edics< 'el# arri!e*8* First aider is ehausted and someone ta&es o!er*=* -he #atient started breathing normally*

B* EC6>DAR4 3R.E4

0* 'ead to -oe eamination ? loo& for o#en or close wound , burn and

fracture*8* Reco!ery "osition

=* Inter!iew the casualty

igns and sym#toms

Allergy

(edication

"ast Illness


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Basic First Aid

9ast meal ta&en

E!ent #rior to in+ury

FORI'" BO(% AIR!A% OBS&R)C&IO"

0* C'6@I>/5 characteri)ed by an obstruction of any foreign ob+ect in the throat*

-4"E 6F

C'6@I>/

"EA@ C63/' BREA-' I/> A>D

4("-6(

'A- -6

D6

(I9D 4E 4E 4E Forceful

coughing

Allow to

cough until

e#elledE.ERE >6 >6 >6< 'I/'

"I-C'

C4A>6I,

A9I.A-I6>

Conscious

3# to :

5Bac& sla#s

5Abdominal

thrust

Alternately

)nconscio

us

C"R

CO**O" *R'"CIS

A+, BL(I"'5lea&ing of blood outside the blood!essel* Could be internal or eternal*

First Aid:

a% cene afety and wear BIb% "ro#er #ositioningc% Ele!ate the a;ected area abo!e heart

le!el*d% Ins#ect the in+urye% A##ly direct #ressure with a sterile

dressing

f% A##ly a snugly tting bandageg% ummon hel#h% A##ly and indirect #ressure


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Basic First Aid

B+, SHOC-5 A condition wherein the body

has insu2cient or failure of blood to circulate throughout the

body following an in+ury*

TYPES OF SHOCK

0* Cardio$enic S.oc/ - Poor Pump MechanismInjury : Heart Attack 0+ Hypovole#ic S.oc/ - Decreased Blood VolumeInjury : Open wound 1+ "euro$enic S.oc/ - Blood Vessels DilateInjury : Dru o!erdose 2+ Anap.ylactic S.oc/ - "e!ere alleric #eactionInjury : Bee stin

SI'"S A"( S%*P&O*S

EAR94 -A/E:

"ale or bluish s&in $Figure* 0*0%

Cold and clammy s&in

Fast and shallow breathing

Body wea&ness

-hirst Figure 0*0 Figure

0*8 Di))iness

>ausea and !omiting $Figure 0*8%

9A-E -A/E: 3nconsciousness $Fig 8*0%

Eyes are sun&en with !acant e#ression $Fig 8*8%

"u#ils are dilated $Fig 8*=%

Body tem#erature dro#s

Figure 8*0

Figure 8*=

Figure 8*8


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S.oc/ First Aid:

0*% "RI(AR4 3R.E4 Asses ABC $Airway, Breathing, C"R% and maintain o#en airway*

8*% "R6"ER "6I-I6> 'el# in a lying #osition $Ece#t for !ictim with heart< breathing

#roblem and s#inal cord in+ury% Raise the leg u#*

9oosen restricti!e clothing*

=*% "R6"ER B6D4 'EA- Asses body tem#erature and #ro!ide insulation*

C+, B)R"S A"( SCAL(SAny in+ury to the s&in caused by heat, friction, radiation and electricity*

Burns ?characteri)ed by dry heat*

calds ? caused byhot liuid or steam*

(e$rees of burn:

FIRS& ('R5Includes only the outer layer of skin, the epidermis.

SCO"( ('R5 Involve the entire epidermis and upper layers of the dermis.

&HIR( ('R5 All layers of the skin is destroyed


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Burn3 Scald First Aid:

to# the burning #rocess as soon as #ossible

Remo!e any clothing or +ewelry near the burnt area of s&in Cool the burn with cool or lu&ewarm water for 0G5=G minutes

Co!er the burn with cling lm in a layer o!er the burn, rather than

by wra##ing it around a limb*

lectrical Burn First Aid:

ee& immediate medical attention


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Basic First Aid

Remo!e the casualty from the source of electrocution*

Do not a##roach a #erson who is connected to a high5!oltage source

$0,GGG !olts or more%*

>ote: If the #erson has been in+ured by a low5!oltage source, u# to 88G58G !olts $such as a

domestic electricity su##ly%, safely switch o; the #ower su##ly or remo!e the #erson from

the electrical source using a non5conducti!e material $ e*g wood stic& or chair%

C.e#ical Burn First Aid:

ear your BI

remo!e any a;ected clothing from the #erson who has been burnt

if the chemical is in a dry form, brush it o; the s&in

use running water to remo!e any traces of the chemical from the burnt area

!AR"I"'

do not attem#t to remo!e anything that is stuc& to the burnt

>e!er use ice, iced water

>e!er use any creams or greasy substances, such as butter, lotion or

tooth#aste

S- I**(IA& HLP IF:

=

rd

degree burn Burn in the nec& and face

Burn in the genitals

Burn in hands and feet

Burn across the +oint*

(+, HA& 4HA)S&IO" A"( HA& S&RO- Heat e5.austion is a mild heat related illness with core body

tem#erature of more than =*C


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Basic First Aid

Heat Stro/eis a real medical emergency that may be fatal if not

attended to or treated

FIRS& AI( FOR HA& 4HA)S&IO" A"( HA& S&RO-:

Remo!e from hot area*

/i!e liuids $if conscious%*


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Basic First Aid

'a!e !ictim lie down and ele!ate feet at least 08 inches*

Remo!e ecess clothing

"ro!ide #ro#er !entilation

"ro!ide cold com#ress $nec&, arm#it and groin%

Continue to monitor ABC until hel# arri!es*

F+ "OS BL( 6PIS&A4IS,

(ost common causes: Dry air K when your nasal membranes dry out, theyLre more susce#tible to

bleeding and infections

>ose #ic&ing6ther causes:

-rauma to the nose

Common colds

"osebleed First Aid

it u#right and lean

forward* "inch your nose for ? 0G

minutes Re#eat*


"age 0G

basic first aid.docx

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