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by Fisher Yu

Basic IT Knowledge

5 Feb 2010

Basic IT Knowledge

• essentially a multi-functional calculator

• a programmable machine that receives input

• stores and manipulates data• provides output in a useful format • history:

– the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room

– http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm

A Computer…

Software:

•MS office

•IE7

•Firefox

•SQL

•IIS

•Photoshop

•etc…

OS:

•Windows XP

•Windows Vista

•Windows 7

•Mac OS

•Linux

•Unix

•Chrome OS

•etc…

Physical Devices:

Mother board, Hard disk, Ram, Processor, Speaker, Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, CD-ROM, Power Supplier Unit & etc…

Do you know…

External Devices Internal Devices

Hardware

PC Peripherals

Monitor Speaker Keyboard Mouse Joystick Printer Photocopier Scanner …

Network Device

Router Switch Hub Modem Wireless adapter Blue-tooth

adapter …

Storage Device

External HDD (Hard Disk)

Thumb drive ; flash disk; SD/Mini-SD card, Memory Stick, etc…

External Floppy Disk …

* A lot of different kind of slots/ports are available on motherboard to connect those external devices

External Devices

Devices that bulit-on or directly plug onto motherboard, and include motherboard

Motherboard (also called Main board/System board)

Power supplier unit (usually with fans)

Processor (usually with fans)

Ram Hard Disk (HDD)

Floppy Disk

* A lot of different kind of slots are available on motherboard for the rest of the optional devices

Modem CD/DVD-Rom /RW Graphic Card Network Card Sound Card …

Internal Devices

Peek into the PC’s motherboard

Source: http://www.obsessable.com/glossary/motherboard/

• An interface between hardware and user

• A platform to install/host applications/software

Windows XP Mac

Windows Vista Windows CE

Mac OS X Suse Linux

Windows 2000 BlackBerry

Windows Server 2003

Windows

Ubuntu Linux FreeBSD

Windows NT 4 Sun Solaris

Linux Playstation 3

Windows 98 Symbian

Windows ME Adobe AIR

Debian Linux Nintendo Wii

iPhone iPod

Windows 95 SGI Irix

OpenBSD …

Operating Systems

• Computer software is a general term primarily used for digitally stored data such as computer programs and other kinds of information read and written by computers.

• Today, this includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes and records.

• in contrast to hardware, software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched• Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only.

Examples: Application software, such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users.

Firmware, which is software programmed resident to electrically programmable memory devices on board mainboards or other types of integrated hardware carriers.

Middleware, which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.

System software such as operating systems, which govern computing resources and provide convenience for users.

Software testing is a domain dependent of development and programming. Software testing consists of various methods to test and declare a software product fit before it can be launched for use by either an individual or a group.

Testware, which is an umbrella term or container term for all utilities and application software that serve in combination for testing a software package but not necessarily may optionally contribute to operational purposes. As such, testware is not a standing configuration but merely a working environment for application software or subsets thereof.

Video games (except the hardware part)

Websites

Software

Source: http://www.wikipedia.com

• System software helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes a combination of the following:

device drivers operating systems servers utilities windowing systems

System Software

• Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include:

compilers debuggers interpreters linkers text editors

Programming Software

• Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (not directly computer development related) tasks. Typical applications include:

industrial automation business software video games quantum chemistry and solid state physics software telecommunications (i.e., the Internet and everything that flows on it) databases educational software medical software military software molecular modeling software image editing spreadsheet simulation software Word processing Decision making software

Application Software

• A collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets.

• Addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

• Webpage– formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup

Language (HTML, XHTML)– accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer

Protocol (HTTP / HTTPS)

Website

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