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BASIC LIFE SUPPORTBASIC LIFE SUPPORT

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OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

Define the Define the basic concepts basic concepts of CPRof CPR

Identify the Identify the basic mnemonic basic mnemonic of Basic Life of Basic Life SupportSupport

Identify the Identify the chain of survival chain of survival for adult for adult

Explain the adult Explain the adult management management of airway, of airway, breathing and circulationbreathing and circulation

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20

60%

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Content

Adult One rescuer CPR technique Adult Two rescuer CPR technique Airway Obstruction – Conscious (Heimlich

Manoeuvre) Airway Obstruction – become Unconscious Airway Obstruction – Found Unconscious Care of unconscious victim ( Recovery position)

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Chain of Survival

The 5 links in adult chain of survival are:- Early access- Early CPR- Rapid defibrillation Effective

advance life support- Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

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CAB VS ABC???CAB VS ABC???

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EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLESEMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

AssessmentAssessment D = DangerD = Danger R = ResponseR = Response

C = CirculationC = CirculationA = Airway A = Airway B = BreathingB = Breathing

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No more Look, Listen and FeelNo more Look, Listen and Feel

should not delay activating EMS 3 things remain simultaneously :1. Response2. Breathing3. Pulse ( within 10 second)

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Danger Make sure the scene is safe for you and victim

Response Tap the victim’s shoulder and shout, “Are you all

right?” No response, activate EMS “999” Check pulse and breathing

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Chest Compression Compress the center of victims' chest

Start compression within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest

Allow complete chest recoil after each compression

Minimize interruption in compressions (limit lest than 10 sec)

Push hard, push fast:- compress at a rate of at least 100/min - Compress depth at least 2 inches (5cm)

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Chest Compression

Give effective breaths that make chest raise

Avoid excessive ventilation

Ratio 30:2

Recheck after 5 cycles

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Breathing

Breathing devices1-way valve face mask - Deliver air over 1 second to make the victim’s

chest raise

Bag-Mask - Use the E-C clamp technique to hold mask in

place while you lift up the jaw to open airway - Squeeze the bag to give breath (1 second

each) while watching for chest rise

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Rescue Breathing

To perform when victim has pulse but no breathing

Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds (about 10 to 12 breaths per minute)

Rescuer’s exhaled air contain approximately 17% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide

Give each breath 1 second

Each breath should result in visible chest rise

Check pulse every 2 minutes

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Rescue Breathing

Avoid giving breaths too rapidly, too forcefully and with too much volume as it will cause gastric inflation.

Gastric inflation can resulting victim vomit, aspiration or pneumonia

To reduce risk of gastric inflation:1. Take 1 second to deliver each breath2. Deliver air until you make victim’s chest rise

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RECOVERY POSITIONRECOVERY POSITION

If there is pulse and casualty is breathing.If there is pulse and casualty is breathing.

April 10, 2023April 10, 202318

NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 1 If the victim is breathing normally – place the victim in recovery position.

April 10, 2023April 10, 202319

NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 2

April 10, 2023April 10, 202320

NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 3

April 10, 2023April 10, 202321

NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 4

April 10, 2023April 10, 202322

NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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Assess Severity

Severe

(ineffective cough)

Mild

(effective cough)

UnconsciousStart CPR

Conscious5 abdominal

thrusts

Encourage coughContinue to check for

deterioration to ineffective cough or until

obstruction relieved.

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ADULT – FOREIGN BODY ADULT – FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONAIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

MILDMILD (effective cough) (effective cough)

- Present of Universal Choking Sign- Present of Universal Choking Sign

- Ask : Are You Choke?- Ask : Are You Choke?

Can You Speak?Can You Speak?

Can I Help You?Can I Help You? Encourage coughEncourage cough Continue to check for deterioration to ineffective cough Continue to check for deterioration to ineffective cough

or until obstruction relievedor until obstruction relieved

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SEVERE SEVERE (ineffective cough)(ineffective cough)

ConsciousConscious 5 back blows5 back blows 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)

Back BlowsBack Blows Stand to the side and slightly behind the victim.Stand to the side and slightly behind the victim. Support the chest with one hand and lean the victim Support the chest with one hand and lean the victim

forward….???forward….??? Give 5 blows between the shoulder blades with the heel Give 5 blows between the shoulder blades with the heel

of your hand.of your hand. If fail then use abdominal thrust.If fail then use abdominal thrust.

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Abdominal Thrust (Heimlich Maneuver)Abdominal Thrust (Heimlich Maneuver) Stand behind the victim and wrap both arms round the waist.Stand behind the victim and wrap both arms round the waist. Clench your fist with 1 handClench your fist with 1 hand Place thumb side of your fist against the victim’s abdomen, in the Place thumb side of your fist against the victim’s abdomen, in the

midline, slightly above the navel and well below breastbone.midline, slightly above the navel and well below breastbone. Grasp your fist firmly with your other hand and press your fist into Grasp your fist firmly with your other hand and press your fist into

victim’s abdomen with quick, forceful upwards thrust.victim’s abdomen with quick, forceful upwards thrust. Repeat thrusts until object is expelled from airway or victim become Repeat thrusts until object is expelled from airway or victim become

unconsciousunconscious Give each new thrust with a separate, distinct movement to relieve Give each new thrust with a separate, distinct movement to relieve

the obstructionthe obstruction

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ABDOMINAL THRUST

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UnconsciousUnconscious Start CPRStart CPR Open airway and remove foreign object with finger Open airway and remove foreign object with finger

sweep if it is visible or else sweep if it is visible or else DO NOT APPLY BLIND DO NOT APPLY BLIND FINGER SWEEP.FINGER SWEEP.

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Special Precautions:Special Precautions:

CHEST THRUSTCHEST THRUST

should be apply for should be apply for obeseobese and and pregnancypregnancy victim. victim.