basic navigation rules - uscg auxwow.uscgaux.info/uploads_wowii/092-02/rules_of_the_road...•...
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BASIC NAVIGATION RULES
“The Rules of the Road”
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“The Rules of the Road”
OBJECTIVES:• Learn the purpose of “Rules”• Learn Navigational terms• Learn to interpret navigation lights• Learn the basic Navigation Rulesfor crossing, meeting & overtaking
situations.• To stay awake!
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Where do the rules come from?
“Navigation Rules”
Are published by the
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security
for the United States
Coast Guard
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•"Never memorize what you can look up in books.“Albert Einstein
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What is the purpose of the Rules?
To protect against
loss of life, injury,
and property
damage as a result
of collision.
In other words to
prevent accidents
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Most Common Accident
Collision with another vessel
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Second most common
Collision with a fixed object
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Most common cause
Failure to keep proper lookout
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Crash!
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Crash
!
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Accidents
• Proper use of a “lookout”
• Knowledge of “Rules of the Road”
• Knowledge of proper boat lighting
• Knowledge of “Aids to Navigation”
Most collisions could be avoided by:
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Ground Rules for Navigation
Definitions & Responsibility
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Navigation Rules Definitions
• Underway - not at anchor, aground or attached to the dock or shore
• Danger Zone – an arc of 112.5 degrees measured from dead ahead to just aft of the starboard beam
• Right-of-way – the right and duty to maintain course and speed
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Navigation Rules Definitions
• Stand-On Vessel - vessel that has right-of-way
• Give-Way Vessel – the vessel that must keep clear of the stand-on vessel
• Visible (when applied to lights) – visible on a dark, clear night
• Short Blast – a blast of approximately one-second duration
• Prolonged Blast – a blast of four to six seconds
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Operator Responsibility
Vessel(Operation, maintenance, Safety, and Wake)
All occupants
Final Authority
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Responsibility Rule
Allows for
departure
from the Rules
of the Road if
necessary
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Here lies the body of Michael O’Day,He died maintaining the right of way.He was right, dead right, as he sailed along.Now he’s just as dead as if he’d been wrong.
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“Rules of the Road”Meeting Situations
• Overtaking• Head-On• Crossing
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Rules of the Road
• Overtaking Rule (Rule 13)
• A vessel is being overtaken if you are within the Arc of visibility of its stern light only (135 degrees across the stern)
• Vessel being overtaken is the stand-on vessel
• The overtaking, give-way vessel, is required to sound whistle signals to indicate how it proposes to pass the other vessel
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Rules of the Road
Overtaking Rule (Rule 13)
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When are you overtaking?
If you’re in this area you are overtaking
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If you start out overtaking, you continue to be the “Give Way” until there’s no risk of collision
(even past the 135° mark).
Remember
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Rules of the Road
• Head-on situation (Rule 14)
• A meeting situation exists if you are in the arc of visibility of both sidelights and/or its masthead lights are in the line or nearly so
• Neither vessel has the right-of-way
• Whistle signals are required, either can initiate
• Alter course to starboard so that each pass port to port
• May pass starboard to starboard when both agree after exchanging proper signals
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Rules of the Road
Head-on situation (Rule 14)
Rule does not apply if the two vessels will pass clear of each other if each maintains course and speed
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Rules of the Road
• Crossing Situation (Rule 15)
• A crossing situation exists if you are with the arc of visibility of either sidelight of the other vessel
• The give-way vessel is the one that “sees red”, has the other vessel on its starboard side
• The stand-on vessel should initiate whistle signals to propose action
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Rules of the Road
Crossing Situation (Rule 15)
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Rules of the Road
Crossing Situation (Rule 15)
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If not Here
If notHeadOn
Crossing Situation
Crossing zone112.5o
Crossing zone112.5o
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Equal on Hierarchy and Crossing
If you see this…
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Equal and Crossing
If you see this…..
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Remember -
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Rules of the Road
Responsibility between Vessels (Rule 18)
“Vessel Hierarchy”
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Vessel not under Command
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Rules of the Road
• Responsibility between Vessels (Rule 18)
• Vessel not under command - unable to maneuver• Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver – due to nature of work,
etc.• Vessel engaged in fishing – gear that restricts ability to
maneuver (trawlers)• Sailing vessel – vessel under sail, not propelled by machinery• Power-driven vessel – vessel propelled by machinery• Seaplane
“Vessel Hierarchy”based on maneuverability and draft
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Vessel HierarchyManeuverability based on size, draft, and/or
activity
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Rules of the Road• Maneuvering and Warning Signals (Rule 34)
• 1 short blast – I intend to leave you on my port side• Two short blasts – I intend to leave you on my
starboard side• Three short blasts – I am operating astern propulsion• Five short blasts – Danger, I don’t understand your
signal, or am in doubt that sufficient action is being taken
• One prolonged blast – obstructed visual signal, used for blind bends or leaving a dock/berth
• One prolonged blast every two minutes – restricted visibility signal, eg. fog
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Rules of the RoadRestricted Visibility – Night-time Navigation
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Rules of the RoadRestricted Visibility – Night-time Navigation
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Navigation Lights
• operating between sunset and sunrise
• in times of restricted visibility
Specific lighting configurations are required for vessels:
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Navigation Lights• White 360 degree light required when anchored
• Red and Green lights (112 degree arc each) required when underway between sunset and sunrise or in restricted visibility
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ConfigurationsClass A-1 Under Power
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ConfigurationsClass A-1 Under Power
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Other lights & Day shapes
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Navigation Lights
• Navigation lights should be checked prior to departing the dock
• Always carry spare bulbs