basic needs theory
TRANSCRIPT
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Virginia HendersonsBasic Needs Theory
A nurse, researcher, theorist, and an author
By: John Kervy A. Vergara
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Name: Virginia Avenel Henderson
A.K.A.: First Lady of Nursing, First
Truly International Nurse, Nightingale of
Modern NursingBorn: November 30, 1897, in Kansas City,
Missouri
Died: March 19, 1996 at age 98 at theConnecticut Hospice, Branford. CT
Father: Atty. Daniel B. Henderson
Mother: Lucy Minor (Abbot) Henderson
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Education:
Early education at home in Virginia withher aunts, her sister and an uncle,Charles Abbot, at his school for boys inthe community Army School of Nursing,Washington, D.C. (1921)
In 1929, she entered at TeachersCollege, Columbia University for her
(Bachelor of Science degree completedin 1932 while Masters of Science degreein 1934).
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Career in Nursing:
Henry Street Visiting Nurse Association, NewYork, New York (1921)
Norfolk Protestant Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia asan Instructor and Educational Director (1923-1929)
Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New Yorkas a Supervisor and Clinical Instructor at theOutpatient Department (1930)
After her Masters Degree, (1934)TeachersCollege, Columbia University, New York as anInstructor and Associate Professor (1934-1948)
Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven,Connecticut as a Research Associate (1953-1971) and as a Research Associate Emeritus(1971-1996)
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Theory Background
She called her definition of nursing her concept(Henderson1991)
She emphasized the importance of increasing thepatients independence so that progress afterhospitalization would not be delayed (Henderson,1991)
"assisting individuals to gain independence in relation tothe performance of activities contributing to health or itsrecovery" (Henderson, 1966).
She categorized nursing activities into 14 components,based on human needs.
She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing
for the person), supplementary (helping the person),complementary (working with the person), with thegoal of helping the person become as independent aspossible.
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MAJOR CONCEPTS
HENDERSON'S PHILOSOPHY USING THE FOUR
METAPARADIGMS:
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1. Individual
Have basic needs that are component of health.
Requiring assistance to achieve health and independence or apeaceful death.
Mind and body are inseparable and interrelated.
Considers the biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritualcomponents.
The theory presents the patient as a sum of parts withbiopsychosocial needs.
2. Environment
Settings in which an individual learns unique pattern for living.
All external conditions and influences that affect life and
development. Individuals in relation to families
Minimally discusses the impact of the community on the individualand family.
Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which the
patient can perform the 14 activities unaided
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3. Health
Definition based on individuals ability to function independently as outlinedin the 14 components.
Nurses need to stress promotion of health and prevention and cure ofdisease.
Good health is a challenge -affected by age, cultural background, physical,and intellectual capacities, and emotional balance Is the individuals abilityto meet these needs independently.
4. Nursing Temporarily assisting an individual who lacks the necessary strength, will
and knowledge to satisfy 1 or more of 14 basic needs.
Assists and supports the individual in life activities and the attainment ofindependence.
Nurse serves to make patient complete whole", or "independent."
The nurse is expected to carry out physicians therapeutic planIndividualized care is the result of the nurses creativity in planning for care.
Nurse should have knowledge to practice individualized and human careand should be a scientific problem solver.
In the Nature of Nursing Nurse role is, to get inside the patients skin andsupplement his strength will or knowledge according to his needs.
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The 14
Fundamentals
or Basic Needs
of Man
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Comparison with Maslow's Hierarchy of Need
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Hendersons Basic Needs Theory
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Belongingness and Love Needs
Esteem Needs
Breathe normally, Eat and drink
adequately Eliminate by all
avenues of elimination Move and
maintain desirable posture Sleep
and rest Select suitable clothing
Maintain body temperature Keep
body clean and well groomed and
protect the integument
Avoid environmental dangers and
avoid injuring other
Communicate with othersworship according to one's faith
Work at something providing a
sense of accomplishment
Play or participate in various forms
of recreationLearn, discover, or satisfy curiosity
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References:
Virginia Henderson International Nursinglibrary.
Henderson, V., The Nature of Nursing(1966),New York: Macmillan Publishing, page 15.
Blais et al. (2002). Professional nursingpractice: Concepts and Perspectives (4th ed.).
D Antonio et al. (2007). Nurses work: Issueacross time and place. New York: Springer
Publishing. http://www.fotosearch.com
George, J.B (1995). Nursing Theories: thebase for professional nursing practice (4th
ed).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishinghttp://www.fotosearch.com/http://www.fotosearch.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishing -
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