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UNIXLINUX

Basic Operations & Concepts

NETS - Standard 1 (an expectation for your students)

Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems.

Students are proficient in the use of technology.

EDT 3470 - Spring 2007

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Draft - New Standards

Technology Operations and Concepts

Students demonstrate a sound understanding of technology

concepts, systems, and operations. Students: A. understand and use technology systems.

B. identify and use applications effectively and productively.

C. troubleshoot systems and applications.

D. transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies.

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Why do I need to learn about this stuff?

Because…you’ll need this knowledge to… Differentiate yourself from other job-seeking teacher

candidates

Become more of an Educational Technology producer in your classroom -- and not just a user

Be able to speak intelligently when dealing with:

District technology staff, REMCs/ISDs, and vendors

Advanced students and their parents or guardians

It’s a National Educational Technology Standard (NETS)

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Farming Jobs – 1900 vs. 2000

•In 1900, 92% of U.S. population worked on a farm

•In 2000, that figure was about 2 %

•What happened?

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Technology Happened

Tractors were developed that could do the work of many horses, oxen, and people.

Major change didn’t happen overnight -- the technology and performance incrementally improved -- starting with steam engines, then internal combustion engines, and now -- electronics assisted intelligent tractors

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Impact of Technology on Farming

Farming output continued to increase throughout the 20th Century

Farm size increased -- smaller farms were aggregated into larger farms

Reduced the need for farm hands, beast of burden, blacksmiths, and other manual labor jobs

Increased the need for tractor mechanics, agriculture educators, transportation and distribution jobs, and other totally new crop related jobs

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Some Computer History Trivia

How was Napoleon important to the development of the modern computer?

Q:

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Believe it or not…

Napoleon’s troops in Egypt buy shawls and start a fashion craze.

In Europe, the shawls get made on automated, perforated-paper control looms.

This gives an American engineer, Herman Hollerith, the idea to automate calculations using punch cards.

Which get used to control ENIAC, the first electronic computer.

That began the computing revolution -- and the phenomena that we call Moore’s Law

A:

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What is Moore’s Law?

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But Moore was not the first

Moore's Law of Integrated Circuits was not the first, but the fifth paradigm to provide accelerating price-performance. Computing devices have been consistently multiplying in power (per unit of time)…

1. From the mechanical calculating devices used in the 1890 US Census

2. To Turing's relay-based "Robinson" machine that cracked the Nazi enigma code

3. To the CBS vacuum tube computer that predicted the election of Eisenhower

4. To the transistor-based machines used in the first space launches

5. To integrated-circuit-based personal computers.

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Technology causes change

•So, is there any reason to believe that this trend will not continue?

•Throughout the centuries -- new technologies have changed the way people work, live, play -- and learn

Because technology continues torapidly change how people work

-- What should you do?

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NETS Standard 1 - TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS

Teachers need to demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts. Teachers [will]…

Demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology (as

described in the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards)

Demonstrate continual growth in technology knowledge and skills to stay abreast of current and emerging technologies.

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Overview Agenda

1. Hardware & Systems 1. Hardware & Systems

2. Networking2. Networking

3. Tools for Making the Connection3. Tools for Making the Connection

4. Operating Systems 4. Operating Systems

5. Demonstrating Proficiency5. Demonstrating Proficiency

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Basic Computer Fundamentals

Lesson 1History

Lesson 24 Components

Lesson 3Input

Lesson 4Memory &

Storage

Lesson 5Processor

Lesson 6Output

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Quick Quiz

Computer Hardware Systems

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Computer Hardware Systems

InputInput Storage/ProcessStorage/Process OutputOutput

KeyboardMouseScannerPDADigital ProbeCameraPortable Storage

Memory•Silicon Chip•Mechanical

C.P.U.

MonitorPrinterAudioVideo

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Network Systems

NetworkNetworkHardwareHardware

Servers

NIC

Car

ds

Hubs

Rou

ters

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Network Interface Card

RJ45 - Today, one of the most popular types of connections used with computer networks. RJ45 looks similar to a phone connector or RJ11 connector but is slightly larger.

LED -The LEDs, as shown in the above illustration, indicates if it detects a network; generally by a green light which may flash as it communicates, and then a red light which indicates collisions which will generally flash or not flash at all.

Desktop Wireless NIC

Desktop NIC

NotebookWireless NIC

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Hubs and Switches

10/100 Ethernet Hubs are only half duplex - each client can only send OR receive data at a particular time.  This connection is often called a Local Area Network or LAN.

To take full advantage of a 10/100 Ethernet card, get an Ethernet Switch.  A switch can operate at full duplex allowing your computers to send and receive at the same time. Basically, an Ethernet switch can be considered a faster version of an Ethernet hub.

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Network Router

(row´ter): A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.

Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

www.cisco.comwww.linksys.com

Wireless RouterEnterprise Routers

Internet

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Network Servers

•Application server, a server dedicated to running certain software applications

•Communications server, carrier-grade computing platform for communications networks

•Database server, provides database services

•Fax server, provides fax services for clients

•File server, provides file services

•Game server, a server that video game clients connect to in order to play online together

•Web server, a server that HTTP clients connect to in order to send commands and receive responses along with data contents.

A computer that provides services to other computers, or the software that runs on it

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Common Networks

Hubs &LANs

WANs

Room

Floor

Building

Campus

Enterprise

Region

Internet

The World

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WMU’s WAN

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Merit Network is a non-profit corporation governed by Michigan's public universities. Based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Merit is America's longest running regional research and education network.

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Internet URL Address Uniform Resource Locator

www.yahoo.com = 206.191.158.55

or

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URL - Less Technical Example

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A Simple Network

What you see & what you don’t

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Making the Connection

Video & Voice over IP

Blogs

Chat

Web PublishingE-mail

Internet II

Internet II or Web 2.0 refers to a perceived or proposed second generation of internet mediated services, such as social networking sites, that emphasize online collaboration and sharing among users.

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On the Horizon

The following networked technologies may have a huge impact once they reach critical mass…

RFID

Open Source Software

Intelligent Work Flow

Grid Computing

Source: Burton Group

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Operating Systems

“An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. At the foundation of all system software, the OS performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. It also may provide a graphical user interface for higher level functions.

www.Wikipedia.org

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I’m so confused

There are over 100 different operating systems – not including OS’s for hand-held PC’s

At least be aware of two key OS’s for desktop PC’s, notebook PC’s, and servers -- and their popular derivatives

Microsoft Windows (Vista, XP, 2000, 98, 95, 3.1, MS-DOS) Windows Server

Unix Macintosh OS X: Apple Linux: Open Source vendors and consortiums Solaris: Sun HP-UX: HP And others

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PC vs. Mac

Although Linux use is rapidly growing in popularity --the two most talked about OS’s in K-12 are Microsoft’s Windows and Apple’s OS X

“Which to choose” is a highly controversial topic

I chose a PC over a Mac

Maybe it no longer matters

You will need to be very familiar with one of these OS’s (if not with both)

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Objectives – NETS Benchmark 2

Demonstrate proficiency in the use of common input and output devices;

solve routine hardware and

software problems; and…

make informed choices about technology systems, resources, and services.

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What to do when things go wrong

Some basic things you should know how to do -- before requesting help from Tech Support:

1. Can you update your system

2. Do you know how to check your connections

3. When to reboot --- OS’s sometimes get confused

4. Know the basics of your OS

5. Backup up your data (before things go wrong)

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NETS Standards 1

To make informed choices about technology systems, resources, and services – first ask yourself…

Will it promote learning?

How difficult is it to use?

What is the total cost of ownership (TCO), including multi-year support and fees?

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Buying Cooperatives and Professional Conferences

REMCs State of Michigan MICTA MACUL NECC

Get advice and special pricing from:

But don’t forget about working through your district’s normal channels

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It’s not just about hardware, anymore

Hardware

OperatingSystems Application

Software

LANs & WANs

Internet

Computer System

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Collaboration Tools

Administration SpaceMy Reports

My Calendar

My School Events

Student SpaceMy Homework

My Calendar

My Resources

My Files

Teachers Toolkit/ WorkspaceMy Buddy List

My Calendar

My Seating Charts

Parent SpaceMy Child’s Assignments

My Calendar (Child’s Overlay)

My Child’s Attendance

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NETS Standard 1 - TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS

Teachers need to demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts.

Teachers [will]…

Demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology (as described in the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards)

Demonstrate continual growth in technology knowledge and skills to stay abreast of current and emerging technologies.

And remember…

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