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Basic Database AdministrationGuide to Oracle 10g1Advanced DatabasesObjectivesDefine database administration.Understand database administration tasks.Perform database administration tasks using Oracle 11g Enterprise Manager.Understand Oracle 11g and SQL Server data storage structures.2Advanced DatabasesWhat is Database Administration?A Function information technology (IT) departmentDatabase Administrator (DBA)Overall health / PerformanceManages SecuritySetup Test and Dev. EnvironmentsAvg $77K/year (BLS 2014)http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/database-administrators.htm 3Advanced Databases3Duties of the DBAManage Database Objects Tables / Views / ProceduresDatabase performanceSecurity Logons /Users / Roles Clone data from Production to Development or TestManage backups and carry out DR plans.Guide to Oracle 10g4Advanced DatabasesDBA ToolsGuide to Oracle 10g5

Advanced DatabasesDBA Tools Product ComparisonOracle 11gOracle Enterprise ManagerWeb-BasedSQL ServerSQL Server Management StudioClient-Based

Guide to Oracle 10g6Advanced DatabasesOracle Enterprise ManagerUser account must have DBA roleOracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)Three-tier architectureConsoleOracle Management Server (OMS)Interacts with repositoryMakes it easier for DBAs to administer multiple databases in organizations network7Advanced Databases7OEM Architecture

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This seems odd since it comes between two slides with the same heading/title (slides 22 and 24).DemoDBA ConsolesGuide to Oracle 10g9Advanced DatabasesManaging Oracle 11g Data StorageLike most DBMSs the logical structures TablesConstraintsViews / ProceduresCan be stored in physical data structuresFiles on diskDedicated drive partitionsRAMGuide to Oracle 10g10Advanced Databases10Oracle 11g Data StructuresTablespaceOne or more Data FilesSegmentPartitioned DataExtentGrowth rule for segmentData blockDatabase storage data blockOperating system blocks11

Advanced Databases11TablespacesOne or more Data files Stores all database structures + dataTables, data, views, sps etc

Guide to Oracle 10g12

Advanced DatabasesDatafiles.dbf extensions Store tablespace contentsStored in Oracle_Base\oradata\SIDUse OEM to view and modifyGrow via Extents

Guide to Oracle 10g13

Advanced Databases13Segments They Partition the data

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Please note that the text in the figure may be hard to read.Extents Smallest unit added to data file Sequence of Data Blocks When an insert grows beyond the data file size allocation, a new extent is added.More efficient to add groups of data blocks vs. individual blocks.Guide to Oracle 10g15

Advanced DatabasesData Blocks Smallest Unit Read/Written

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Managing Oracle 11g Data StructuresCreate tablespaceManage datafile extentsAutoextensible tablespaceConfigure tablespace and datafile properties

Demo!

Guide to Oracle 10g17Advanced Databases17Oracle 11g Database File Architecture

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Please note, the heading the figure caption are the same. If we shoudl go with headings only, simply add a "(continue)" to the end of this slide title.Parameter FileText file Specifies configuration information about Oracle 10g database instanceinit.oraStored in Oracle_Base\admin\SID\pfile folderDBAs can edit parameter file Modify database configuration

Guide to Oracle 10g19Advanced Databases19Control FilesStore information about database structure and stateStored in Oracle_Base\oradata\SIDThree separate control files by default:CONTROL01.CTLCONTROL02.CTLCONTROL03.CTLAll contain same dataAt least one must be present20Advanced Databases20Redo Log FilesRecords information to undo action query changes.log extensionStored in Oracle_Base\ORADATA\SIDPre-imageRollback segment

Guide to Oracle 10g21Advanced Databases21User Accounts22Advanced DatabasesCreating and Managing User AccountsCreate new user accountGeneral information about user accountSystem privileges user has in databaseUsers tablespace quota on database server

Demo!Guide to Oracle 10g23Advanced Databases23Specifying General User InformationUse OEMGeneral page:NameProfileAuthenticationDefault tablespaceTemporary tablespaceStatus

Guide to Oracle 10g24Advanced Databases24Specifying System PrivilegesSystem privilegeObject privilegeEnable new user to interact with Oracle 10g databaseDBA grants system privilegesUse System Privileges page in Create User pageAdmin Option

Guide to Oracle 10g25Advanced Databases25Tablespace QuotasSpecifies amount of disk space that users database objects can occupy in default tablespaceMust be assignedQuota Size value:None, defaultUnlimitedValue

Guide to Oracle 10g26Advanced Databases26Editing Existing User AccountsUse OEMSelect user account to be modified on Users pageGeneral page opensSelect other links to modify properties

Guide to Oracle 10g27Advanced Databases27RolesDatabase object Represents collection of system privileges Assign to multiple usersCreate roleCan inherit privileges from other rolesGrant Role to User AccountEasier than manually assigning everything manually.

28Advanced Databases28Startup / Shutdown29Advanced DatabasesStarting /Shutting Down the DbShut down database periodically Perform maintenanceRestart database

Guide to Oracle 10g30

Advanced Databases30Creating an Administrative ConnectionShutting down database makes database unavailable for user connectionsDBA must log onto database using administrative connectionSYS user account

Guide to Oracle 10g31Advanced Databases31Using OEM to Shut Down and Start a Database InstanceDBA shuts down database instance using Normal, Transactional, or Immediate shutdown optionShutdown process performs five following tasks:Writes contents of data buffer cache to datafilesWrites contents of redo log buffer to redo log filesCloses all filesStops all background processesDeallocates SGA in servers main memory

32Advanced Databases32Instance OptionsStartupStart in one of two modes:UnrestrictedRestricted

ShutdownSpecify one of four ways to handle existing user connections:NormalTransactionalImmediateAbort

33Advanced Databases33Oracle 11g Database Instance States

34Advanced Databases34Slide title is figure caption, not heading - okay?Questions?Guide to Oracle 10g35

Advanced Databases