basic pharmacology. hamza
DESCRIPTION
hamza hemalTRANSCRIPT
General Pharmacological
Terms
Hamza HemalRadiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Brand Name
•Trade name
•Given by the Manufacturer company
•To distinguish products from each other.
Example:ACOS (Radiant)ZIMAX ( Square)
Generic Name
Official medical name for the active ingredient of the medicine.
Example:AzithromycinEsomeprazole
Hamza
API
• Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient• Any component that provides
pharmacological activity
Hamza
Dosage Form
• A dosage form is the physical form in which a drug is produced and dispensed.
• Example: – Tablet,– Capsule,– PFS (Powder for Suspension)– Injection
Hamza
Strength
Amount of the active ingredient is present in each dosage.
Example:500mg Tablet200mg/5ml PFS
Hamza
Brand Name
Generic Name
Strength
Dosage Form
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COGS
• Cost of Goods sold• Raw material + Packaging Material + Utility cost
+ Per head cost
TP• Trade Price• COGS + Profit
Invoice Price
TP+ VAT
MRPMaximum Retail PriceTP+ VAT+ Chemist ProfitHamza
Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
Hamza
Bioavailability
• Amount of drug that present in blood after administration.
• INTRAVENOUS Route- Bioavaiability 100%
Hamza
Peak Plasma concentration, Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration of the drug achieved in blood after a dose
Tmax
The time when the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is reached.
Hamza
Plasma half life/ Elimination Half Life, T1/2
Time necessary for the drug to be reduced to half of its plasma concentration
T1/2
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Area Under the Curve (AUC)
The area under the plot of plasma concentration of drug against time after drug administration.
MEC• Minimum Effective Concentration• The smallest concentration of a drug that will
induce the desired pharmacological effect
MIC• Minimum inhibitory concentration• MIC is defined as the minimum
concentration of antibiotic which will inhibit the growth of the microorganism
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First pass effect/ First pass metabolism
The removal of a drug by the liver, before the drug has become available for use, is called the first pass effect.
Hamza
Tendency of a drug to combine with receptor
Efficacy
Power or capacity to produce a desired effect
Potency
Amount of drug required to produce a particular response
Affinity:
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Therapeutic dose
The dose that may be required to produce a desired effect.
Sub Therapeutic dose
Indicating a dosage of a drug, less than the amount required for a therapeutic effect.
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Bactericidal
Antibiotic that kills the bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Antibiotics that inhibit the growth or reproduction of bacteria
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The End...
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