1.Volume One SERIES 90

2. Contents CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 7 Lesson 1Lesson 13Lesson 25Lesson 37 Lesson 2Lesson 14Lesson 26Lesson 38Lesson 3Lesson 15Lesson 27Lesson 39 Lesson 4Lesson 16Lesson 28Lesson 40 Lesson 5Lesson 17Lesson 29Lesson 41 Lesson 6Lesson 18Lesson 30Lesson 42 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 8 Lesson 7Lesson 19Lesson 31Lesson 43Lesson 8Lesson 20Lesson 32Lesson 44 Lesson 9Lesson 21Lesson 33Lesson 45 Lesson 10Lesson 22Lesson 34Lesson 46 Lesson 11Lesson 23Lesson 35Lesson 47 Lesson 12Lesson 24Lesson 36Lesson 48 3. Contents CHAPTER 9 APPENDICES Lesson 49STATES Lesson 50SELECTED CITIES OF THE UNITES STATES Lesson 51COMMON GEOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS Lesson 52THE METRIC SYSTEM Lesson 53ADDITIONAL METRIC MEASUREMENTS Lesson 54BRIEF FORMS OF GREEG SHORTHAND Lesson 55 Lesson 56 4. Lesson 1 PrinciplesGROUP A 1.S-Z.Perhaps the most frequently used consonant in theEnglish language iss , partly because of the greatplurals that ends withs . The shorthandsis a tiny is a short downward curve that resembles thelonghand comma in shape. SBecause in the English languagesoften has the soundofz,as in saves, the same short stroke is used to expressz . 5.

2.Avery important sound in the English language isa.in Greggshorthandais simply the longhandawith the finalconnecting stroke omitted.

The circle may be written in any direction.

6. 3.Silent letters.In English, there are many words containing letters that are not pronounced. In Gregg Shorthand, thesesilent letters are omitted; only the sounds that you are actually written. Example: the wordsaywould be writtens-a ; theywould not be written because it is not pronounced.In the following words, what letters would not be written because they are not pronounced? snow dough aid save main day right knee 7. 4.S-A Word.With the strokes forsanda , you can form theshorthand outline for the wordsay . say, s-a 5.F, VThe next two shorthand you will learn arefandv. 8. FThe shorthand stroke forfis a downward curve thesame shape ass , but it is very long-approximately half the height of the space betweenthe lines of your shorthand notebook. VThe shorthand stroke forvis also a downward curvethe same shape assandf,but is very large approximately the full height of the space betweenthe lines of your shorthand notebook. 9.

Observe the difference in the sizes ofs,f,andv .

S FV

F

safe , s-a-f face, f-a-s safes, s-a-f-s

Observe that thecin face is represented by the shorthands

because it has the sound ofs .

10.

V

save, s-a-vvase, v-a-ssaves, s-a-v-s

Observe that the finalsin in saveshas thezsound,

which isrepresented bythesstroke.

11.

6.E Another very important vowel in the English language

is e.

In shorthand, e is represented by a tiny circle. It is

simply the longhand e with the two connecting strokes

omitted. The circle may be written in either direction.

E

Observe the difference between the sizes ofaande .

A E

12.

see, s-e sees, s-e-s ease, e-s

fee, f-efees, f-e-s easy, e-s-e

Observe that theyin easy is pronouncede ; therefore, it is

represented by theecircle.

13. GROUP B 7.N, MThe shorthand stroke fornis a very short forwardstraight line.The shorthand stroke formis a forwardstraight line. N M N see, s-e say, s-a vain, v-a-n seen, s-e-n sane, s-a-nknee, n-e 14.

Observe that the k and the final ein knee are not written

because they are not pronounced.

M

may, m-a mean, m-e-n seem, s-e-m

main, m-a-naim, a-m same, s-am

15. 8. T, DThe shorthand stroke fortis a short upward straight line.The shorthand stroke fordis a longer upward straight line. T D T eat, e-tmeet, m-e-t stay, s-t-a neat, n-e-t tea, t-e safety, s-a-f-t-e 16. D aid, a-d feed, f-e-d stayed, s-t-a-d made, m-a-d day, d-a deed, d-e-d need, n-e-d date, d-a-t saved, s-a-v-d 17. 9.Punctuation and Capitalization period paragraph parentheses question mark dash hypen 18.

The regular longhand forms are used for all other

punctuation marks.

Capitalization is indicated by two upward dashes placed

underneath the word to be capitalized.

Dave Fay Mae

19. Lesson 2 Principles z 1.Alphabet ReviewHere are the nine shorthand strokesyou studied in Lesson 1.How rapidly can you read them? 2.O, R, LIn thisparagraph you will study three extremelyuseful strokeso, r, l 20.

OTheshorthand stroke forois a small deep hook.

RTheshorthand stroke forris a short deep forward

curve.

LTheshorthand stroke forlis a longer forward curve

aboutthree times as long as the stroke for.

Observe how these three strokes are derived from their

longhand forms.

ORL

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21. O no, n-oso, s-oown, o-nto, t-o-u-g-hphone, f-o-nstone, s-t-o-ndo, d-o-u-g-hvote, v-o-tdome, d-o-m 22.

Observe that in the words in the third column, the o is placed

on itsside before n and m. This enables us to obtain smoother,

more easily written outlines than we would obtain if wewrote

theoupright in theseand similar words.

R

ear, e-rraid, r-a-dfear, f-e-r

near, n-e-rtrade, t-r-a-dfair, f-a-r

mere, m-e-ror, o-rradio,

r-a-d-e-o

dear, d-e-rmore, m-o-rfreed,

f-r-e-d

Previous Next

23. L ail, a-llay, l-areal, r-e-l mail, m-a-llate, l-a-tleave,l-e-v deal, d-e-lfeel, f-e-llow, l-osteal, s-t-e-lfail, f-a-lfloor, f-l-o-r 24.

Observe that f-r, as infreed, and f-l, as in floor, are written

one sweep of the pen, with no stop between the f and the

r or l.

freedfloor

3.H, -ing.The letterhis a dot placed above the following

vowel. With few exceptions, h occurs at the beginning

ofa word.

Ing , which almost alwaysoccurs at the end of a word,

is also represented by a dot.

PreviousNext

25. H He, h-ehome, h-o-mwhole, h-o-l -ing hearing,heating,mailing, h-e-r-ing h-e-t-ing m-a-l-ing 26. 4.Long ITheshorthand for the long sound of I, as inmy,is a large broken circle. Imy, m- sight, s- -thigh, h- might, m--tside, s- -dtry, t-r- sign, s- -nline, l- -n tire, t- -rPrevious Next 27.

• Omission of Minor VowelsMany words in the Englishlanguage contain vowels that are sounded only slightlyor are slurred. For example, the wordevenis really pronouncede-vn ; meter is pronouncedmet-r , (The dictionary call these minor vowels schwas )These vowels are omitted in shorthand when their omission does not detract from facility of writing or from legibility.

• Evening, e-v-n-ing writer, r-i-t-r season, s-e-s-n

• meter, m-e-t-r vital, v-i-t-l total, t-o-t-l

• Dealer, d-e-l-r final,f-i-n-l heater, h-e-t-r

• 5

Previous Next

28. Lesson 3 Principles1.Alphabet ReviewYou have already studied14alphabet strokes.How fast can you identify them? 29. 2.Brief formsThere are some words in the Englishlanguage that occur again and again when we speakor write.As an aid to rapid writing, specialabbreviations, called brief forms, are provided forsome of these common words. This process of abbreviation is common in longhand. For example, we abbreviateStreettoSt.; MistertoMr.; SaturdaytoSat. Because the words for which brief forms have beenprovided occur so frequently, be sure you learn them well. 30. I have it, at amwill, well in,*not Mr. a, an are, our, hour *In - is also used as a word beginning in words like: indeed, in-d-e-dinside, in-s--d invite, in-v--t 31.

Did you observe that some shorthand outlines have two or

more meanings such as the shorthand formsforare, our,

hour ;will, well ?You will have no problem selecting the

correctmeaning of a brief form when it appears in a sentence.

The sense, or context, will give you the answer.

3.Phrasing The use of brief forms for common words

enables you to save time.Another device for saving

writing time is called phrasing , or the writing of two

or more shorthand outlines together.Here are a

number of phrases built with the brief forms you have

studied.

32. I have I will haveI am I have nothe willin our I willhe will notit will 33. 4.Left S-ZEarlier you learned one stroke forsandz.Another stroke forsandzis also used in order to providean easy joining in any combination of strokes a backward comma, which is also written-downward. For convenience, it iscalled the left s. At this point, you need not try to decide whichsstroke to use in any given word; this will become clear to you asyour study of Gregg Shorthand progresses. 34. needs, n-e-d-s least, l-e-s-t series, s-e-r-e-snames, n-a-m-swrites, w-r-- t-s seal, s-e-l rise, r--s mails, m-a-l-s sales, s-a-l-s most, m-o-s-t seems, s-e-m-shomes, h-o-m-s 35. 5.P, BThe shorthand stroke forpis a downward curvethe same shape as the leftsexcept that it is longerapproximately half the height of the space between thelines in your shorthand notebook. The shorthand stroke forbis also a downward curve the same shape as the left s and p except that is much longer approximately the full height of thespacebetween the lines in your shorthand notebook. 36.

Observe the difference in the sizes of thes, p,andb.

SP B

P

hope, h-o-p space, s-p-a-s paper, p-a-p-r

place, p-l-a-splease, p-l-e-spay, p-a

provide, p-r-o-v--d

37. prepare, p-r-e-p-a-r spare, s-p-a-r type, t--p B bay, b-a buy, b-I able, a-b-l base, b-a-sbrief, b-r-e-f labor, l-a-b-r bare, b-a-r bright, b-r-i-t neighbor, n-a-b-r boat, b-o-t blame, b-l-amlabel, l-a-b-l 38.

Observe that the combinationsp-r,as inprice; p-l,as in

please; b-r,as inbright;andb-l , as inblame,are written

with one sweep of the pen without a pause between the

porband therorl.

price please

brightblame

39.

Lesson 4

Principles

Alphabet ReviewYou have already studied 17 alphabet

strokes.How fast can you identify them?

40.

OOThe shorthand stroke for the sound ofoo , as into ,

is a tiny upward hook.

OO

to, (two, too), t-oosuit, s-oo-t produce,

p-r-o-d-u-s

do (due), d-oo room, r-oo-m new (knew)

who, h-oo poor, p-oo-r noon, n-oo-n

food, f-oo-d true, t-r-oo move, m-oo-v

41.

Observe that theoois placed on its side when it followsnor

m,as innew, noon, move.By placing the hook on its side in

these combinations rather than writing it upright, we obtain

smooth joinings.

3.W, SwAt the beginning of wordsw,as inwe,is

represented by theoohook;sw,as insweet,bys-oo.

we, oo-e wade, oo-a-d sweet, s-oo-e-t

way, oo-a wear, oo-a-r sway, s-oo-a

wait, oo-a-t wife, oo- -f swear, s-oo-a-r

42. 4 .Wh Wh , as inwhyandwhile,is also represented by the oohook. why, oo- white, oo--t whale, oo-a-l while, oo--l wheel, oo-e-l wheat, oo-e-t 5.Useful PhrasesHere are a number of useful phrases that use theoohook. we are we may who will not we will who are I do we have who will I do not 43. 6.K, GThe shorthand stroke forkis a short forward curve. The shorthand stroke for the hard sound ofg,as ingame,is a much longer forward curve.It is calledgay. take, t-a-kweek (weak), oo-e-k clear, k-l-e-r cake, k-a-kcool, k-oo-l increase, in-k-r-e-s make, m-a-k case, k-a-s claim, k-l-a-m came, k-a-m scale, s-k-a-l clean, k-l-e-n 44.

gain,go,gale,

gay-a-n gay-o gay-a-l

game,goal,glue,

gay-a-m gay-o-l gay-l-oo

gate,great,legal,

gay-a-t gay-r-a-t gay-r-a-t

gave,grade,gleam,

gay-a-vgay-r-a-dgay-l-e-m

Observe the differencein the size and shape ofoo, k,and gay.

45.

Observe thatk-r , as inincrease,andgay-l,as inlegal,are

written with a smooth wavelike motion.

Butk-l,as inclaim,andgay-r,as ingreat,are written with

a hump between thekand theland thegayand ther.

46. Lesson 5 Principles 1.Alphabet ReviewIn lesson 1 through 4, you studied 20 shorthand strokes.See how fast you can read them. 47. 2.A, The large circle that represents the long sound ofa,as inmain,also represents the vowel sounds heard inasandarm. as, a-sman, m-a-n past, p-a-s-t has, h-a-s back, b-a-c-k plan, p-l-a-n act, a-k-tmatter, m-a-t-rswam, s-oo-a-m 48. arm, a-r-m car, k-a-r start, s-t-a-r-t art, a-r-t far, f-a-r dark, d-a-r-k heart, h-a-r-t farm, f-a-r-m park-p-a-r-k 3.E, I, Obscure VowelThe tiny circle that represents the sound ofe , as inheat,also represents thevowel sound. (called schwa in some dictionaries) inher, hurt. 49. E let, l-e-t get, gay-e-t said, s-a-d letter, l-e-t-r head, h-e-d sell, s-e-l address, a-d-r-e-s help, h-e-l-p tell, t-e-l best, b-e-s-t less, l-e-s test, t-e-s-t I him, h-e-m did, d-e-d if, e-f bill, b-e-l fill, f-e-l list, l-e-s-t big, b-e-gay give, gay-e-v simple, s-e-m-p-l 50. Obscure Vowel her, h-e-r clerk, k-l-e-r-k answer, a-n-s-e-r hurt, h-e-r-t serve, s-e-r-v insert, in-s-e-r-t earn, e-r-n learn, l-e-r-n infer, in-f-e-r 4.Th Two tiny curves written upward, are provided for the sounds ofth.These curves are called ith. 51. At this time, you need to try to decide whichthstroke to use in a word; this will become clear to you as you you study of Gregg Shorthand progresses. Over Ith these, ith-e-s theater, ith,e-t-r teeth, t-e-ith then, ith-e-n thick, ith-e-k faith, f-a-ith theme, ith-e-m thief, ith-e-f truth, t-r-oo-ith NextPrevious 52. Under Ith though, ith-o both, b-o-ith health, h-e-l-ith those, ith-o-s birth, b-r-ith thorough, ith-e-r-o three, ith-r-e earth, e-r-ith through, ith-r-oo 53. 5.Brief FormsHere is another group of brief forms for frequently used words.You will be wise to learn them well. the you, your is, his that can Mrs. with of but 54.

6.Common PhrasesHere are some useful phrases

employingthese brief forms.

in the with you it is

in that I can in his

you are I cannot with his

Observe that in the phrases in the third column, the leftsis used forisandhis.

55. Lesson 6 RECALL Lesson 6 is a breather; it contains no new shorthand principles for you to learn.In this lesson, you will find an Alphabet Review, a simple explanation of the principles that govern the joining of the strokes you have studied, a recall chart. 56. Principles1.Alphabet ReviewHere are the 22 shorthand strokes you studied in Lesson 1 through 5.Can you read them in 20 seconds or less? 57.

Principles of Joinings

As a matter of interest, you might like to know the principles under which the words you have already learned are written.Notice the groups into which the joinings naturally fall.

Circles are written inside curves and outside angles

appeal, a-p-e-llate, l-a-t same, s-a-m

give, gay-e-v relief, r-e-l-e-f needless,

n-e-d-l-e-s

58. 3 .Circles are written clockwise (in the direction) on astraight stroke or between two straight strokes in thesame direction. may, m-a date, d-a-t aim, a-m man, m-a-n stayed, s-t-ad name, n-a-m 59. 4.Between two curves written in opposite direction, the circle is written on the back of the first curve. care, k-a-r gear, gay-e-r vapor, v-a-p-r rack, r-a-k lake, l-a-k pave, p-a-v 5.Theohook is written on its side beforen, munless a downward stroke comes before the hook. own, o-n stone, s-t-o-n loan, l-o-n but phone, f-o-n bone, b-o-n zone, s-o-n 60. 6Theoohook is written on its side aftern, m. news, n-oo-s noon-n-oo-n moved, m-oo-v-d 7.The underithis used when it is joined too, r, l;in other cases, the overithis used. though, ith-o through, ith-r-oo health,h-e-l-ith but these, ith-e-s thick, ith-e-k then, ith-e-n 61. 8.Recall ChartThe following chart reviews the shorthand devices you studied in Lesson 1 through 5. Spell each word aloud thus:ith-o, though.You need not spell the brief forms and phrases as you read them. The chart contains 84 words and phrases.Can youread the entire chart in 9 minutes or less? N 62. 63.

Lesson 7

Principles

Sh, Ch, JThese three sounds are represented by

downward straight lines.

IshChay J

64. ShThe shorthand stroke forsh(called ish) is avery short downward straight stroke. Ish she, ish-e share, ish-a-rship, ish-e-p shown, ish-o-nissue, e-ish-ooinsure,in-ish-o-r 65. Ch The shorthand stroke forch(called chay) issomewhat longer straight downward strokeapproximately one-half the height of the spacebetween the lines in your shorthand notebook. Chay check,chair,search, c-chay-e-kchay-a-r s-e-r-chay choose, teach, church, chay-oo-s t-e-chaychay-e-r-chay 66. JThe shorthand stroke for the sound ofj,as injury,is long downward straight stroke almostthe full height of the space between the lines in your shorthand notebook. J age, a-jchange, chay,a,n,jjury, j-oo-r-y wages, oo-a-j-slarge, l-a-r-jjewels, j-oo-l-s 67. 2.O, AwThe small deep hook that represents the sound ofo,as inno,also, represents the vowelhotandall. O hot, h-o-t office, o-f-e-s sorry, s-o-r-e copy, k-o-p-epolicy,stop, s-t-o-p p-o-l-s-e job, j-o-b stock, s-t-o-k watch,oo-o-chay 68. Aw all, o-lbought, b-o-ith author, o-ith-r small,thought, ith-o-tinstall, s-m-o-l in-s-t-o-l cause, k-o-sdaughter, wall, oo-o-l d-o-t-r 69. 3. Common Business Letter Salutations and Closings Dear Sir Dear Madam Yours trulySincerely yours Yours very trulyVery truly yours 70. Note:Although the expressionsDear Sir, Dear Madam,andYours truly are considered too impersonal by letter-writing experts, they are still used bymany dictations.Therefore, special abbreviations have been provided for them. 71. Lesson 8 Principles 1.Brief Forms Here is another group of nine brief forms for very common words.Learn them well. would this them for good which there (their) they be,*by 72. *Beis also used as a word beginning in words such asbelieveandbecause. Spell:believe, be-l-i-v believe because begin 73. 2.Word Ending ly The common word ending lyis represented by theecircle. Spell:lately, l-a-t-l lately mainly mostly nearly plainly only badly briefly highly costly namely daily 74.

Observe that in highlythe small circle forly is written

inside the large circle; that indaily,it is added to the side

of thedafter theahas been written.

75. 3.Amounts and QuantitiesWhen you take dictation in the business office,you will frequently have occasion to write amounts and qualities.Here are some devices that willenable you to write them rapidly. 600 $12 $ 3.40 8,000 $3,000 8 percent 800,000 $700,000 7 oclock 76.

Observe that thenforhundredand theithforthousand

are placed underneath the figure.

77. Lesson 9 Principles 1.Word Ending tionThe word endingtion(sometimes spelled - sion,-cian,orshion ) is represented byish. 78. Spell:action, a-k-shun action operation national occasion physician nationally election fashion cautioned positionnations inflation 79. 2.Word Ending cient, -ciency The word endingcient(ortient ) is representedbyish-t; -ciency,byish-s-e. Spell:patient, p-a-shun-t patient ancient efficiency patiently efficient proficiency 80. 3.T for To in Phrases In phrases,tois represented bytwhen isfollowed by a down stroke. to haveto check to sell to beto buy to serve to sayto plan to charge to seeto place to change 81. Lesson 10 Principles 1.NdThe shorthand strokes forndare joined without an angle to form thendblend, as in signed. Nd signsigned 82. Spell: signed, s-i-end; endorse, end-o-r-s land friend kind planned spend mind trained happened bind errand brand endorse 83. 2.Nt The stroke that representsndalso represents nt,as insent. 84. Spell: sent, s-e-ent; into, ent-oo sent printed agent rent painted vacant preventplanted into currentparents entire 85. 3.Ses The sound ofses,as insenses,is represented by joining the two forms ofs. Compare: sense senses face faces 86. Spell: senses, s-e-n-sez placescauses reduces prices chances produces addresses increases cases glasses necessary services 87. 4.Sis, Sus The similar sounds ofsis,as insister,and sus,as inversus,are also represented by joining the two forms ofs. 88. Spell: sister, sez-t-r; versus, v-e-r-sez sister assist analysis basis insist versus 89. Lesson 11 Principles 1.Brief Forms Here are some more brief forms for very common words. when after and were could from sendshould street 90. 2 .Rd The combinationrdis represented by writing therwith an upward turn the finish. Compare:assure assured Spell:assured, a-ish-oo-rd; heard, h-e-rd assured toward record hiredguard hardest insured guarded heard 91. 3. Ldthe combinationldis represented by writing thel with an upward turn at the finish. Compare:mail mailed Spell: mailed, m-a-eld; old, o-eld mailed failed build old filled builder sold told folded 92. 4.Been in Phrases The wordbeenis represented bybafter have, has, had. have been had been I could have beenI have been I have not been I should have been you have beenit has been had not been 93. 5.Able in Phrases The wordbeenis represented byaafter beorbeen. I have been able I should be able I have not been able you will be able you have been able you should be able you have not been able I may be able 94. Lesson 12 RECALL Lesson 12 is another breather; it presents no new devices for you to learn.It reviews the shorthand strokes you learned in previous lessons. 95. Principle of JoiningThe following principles deal with the joinings of the two forms ofs . 1. At the beginning and end of words, the commasis used before and afterf, v, k, gay,the lefts,before and afterp,b, r, l. savessips series seeksglobes rags 96. 2.The commasis used beforet, d, n, m, o;the leftsis used after those strokes. stonessolos needs 3.The commasis used before and afterish, chay, j. sessionsreaches stages 97. .The commasis used before and afterish, chay, j. say these seethe 98. 5. Gregg Shorthand is equally legible whether it is written on ruled or unruled paper; consequently, you need not worry about the exact placement of your outlines on the printed lines n your notebook.The main purpose of the printed lines in your notebook is to keep you from wandering uphill and downhill as you write. However, so that all outlines may be uniformly placed in the shorthand books from which you study, this general rule has been followed. 99. The base of the first consonant of a word is placed on theline of writing.Whenscomes before a downstroke, however, the downstroke is placed on the line of writing. name safepace dealerchiefspace 100. 6.Recall ChartThe following chart contains the brief formspresented in Chapter 2 and illustrations ofthe shorthand principles you studied in Chapters 1 and 2.Can you read the chart in 6 minutes or less? 101. BRIEF FORMS PHRASES AND AMOUNTS End 102. WORDS 103. Lesson 13 Principles 1.Brief Forms workcircular enclose yesterday order was glad soon thank 104.

2.Brief-Form Derivatives and Phrases

thanks gladlythank you

worked ordered thank you for

Observe:

1.Thanksis written with a disjoined leftsin the dot position.

2.The drepresenting the past tense oforderis joined with a

jog.

3.The dot inthankis omitted in phrases .

105. 3.U, OO The hook that represents the sound ofooas into, also represents the vowel sounds indoesandbook. Spell:does, d-oo-s does none us drug number just up enough adjust 106.

product must precious

Observe:

1.The hook in the second column is turned on its side.

2. Theoo-sin the words in the third column is joined without

an angle.

107. OO Spell:book, b-oo-k book put pull cookpush stood lookfoot sugar took full wood 108. Lesson 14 Principles 1.W in the body of a Word When the sound ofwoccurs in the body of a word, as inquick,it is represented by a short dash underneath the vowel following thewsound.The dash is inserted after the rest of the outline has been written. 109. Spell :quick, k-oo-e-k quickbetween qualify quote square hardware quittwice roadway equiptwine always 110. 2.Ted The combinationtedis represented by joiningtanddinto one long upward stroke. Ted Compare: heat heed heated 111. Spell: heated, h-e-ted listed accepted adopted actedrested located tested dated steady quotedvisited today 112. 3. Ded, Dit, Det The long stroke that representstedalsodedand the similar sounds ofditanddet. Spell:guided, gay-i-ded; detail, det-a-l guidedgraded deduct neededadded deduction 113.

Det, Dit

detailcredit edit

debtor creditor audited

Observe that thedrepresents the past tense inauditedis joined toditwith a jog.

114. Lesson 15 Principles 1.Brief Forms business what value doctor about than any thing, think one (won) 115.

2 .Brief-Form Derivatives

things, thinks anything businesses

thinking once businessman

Observe :

1. Adisjoined leftsis used to express by b.

2. The plural of business is formed by adding another lefts.

116. 3.Word Ending bleThe word ending bleis represented byb. Spell:possible, p-o-s-bul possibleterrible double available valuable table reliable favorable tabled capable sensible cables 117. 4.Word Beginning Re-The word beginningre-isrepresented byr. Spell :receive, r-e-s-e-v receiverevise reasonable reply repair reappear research reception rearrange replacereceipt reopen 118. Lesson 16 Principles 1.OIThe sound ofoi , as intoy , is represented by. Spell:boy, b-oi boy oil annoy toy spoil point join boil appoint 119. 2.Men The sound of men is represented by joining m andn into one long forward stroke. Men Compare:knee me many 120. Spell:many, men-e many mentioned businessmen meant women mended mentalsalesmen immense 121. 3.Min, Mon, Man The similar sounding combinationsmin, mon,andmanare also represented by thelong forward stroke that representsmen . Spell:minute, min-e-t; manner, men-r minute month manner minimum money manage 122. 4.Ye, Ya Ye,as inyear , is represented by theecircle;ya,as in yard, by theacircle. Spell:year, e-r; yard, a-rd Ye year yellow yield yet yes yielded 123. Ya yard yarnYale 124. Lesson 17 Principles 1. Brief FormsWhen you have learned the followingeight brief forms, you will have learned more thanhalf the brief forms of Gregg shorthand. gentlemencompany short morning manufacture important, importance where next 125. 2.Word beginning Per-, Pur The word beginningsper- , pur-are representedbyp-r. Spell:person, pur-s-n; purchase, pur-chay-a-s Per- person perfect persist Personal permanent perhaps 126. permit personnel persuade Pur- purchase purple purpose 127. 3.Word Beginnings De-, Di- The word beginningsde-, di-are representedbyd. Spell:delay, de-l-a; direct, di-r-e-k-t De- delay deposit decide deserve depended decision 128. desirable deliver design Di- direct direction directly 129. Lesson 18 RECALL Lesson 18 is another breather.It contains no new shorthand devices for you to learn.In this lesson, you will find: 1.several principles of joining, 2.a recall chart, and 3.a Reading and Writing practice that you will find interesting and informative. 130. Principles of Joining 1.At the beginning of a word and afterk, gay,or a downstroke, the combinationoo-s-is written without an angle. husky gust just but loose does rust 131. 2.The word beginningre-is represented byrbefore a down- stroke or a vowel. research reference reopen but relate does retreat 132. 3.The word beginningde-, di-are represented bydexcept beforekorgay. depressed deliver direction but declare decay degrade 133. 4. As you have perhaps already noticed from your study ofLesson 1 through 17, the past tense of a verb is formed by adding the stroke for the sound that is heard in the past tense.In some words, the past tense has the sound oft,as inbaked;in others, it has the sound ofd,as insaved. In some words, the past tense is incorporated in ablend, as inplanned, feared, mailed. 134. baked saved feared missed planned mailed 135. 5.Recall Chart The following chart reviews the brief forms of Chapter 3 as well as the shorthand devices you studied in Chapters 1, 2, and 3. The chart contains 96 words and phrases.Can you read it in 8 minutes or less? 136. BREIF FORMS AND DERIVATIVES PHRASES AND AMOUNTS 137. WORDS 138. LESSON 19 Principles 1.Brief FormsHere is another group of brief forms only six this time. part Ms. opportunity present advertise immediate 139. 2.U The sound ofu,as inuse,is represented bySpell:use, u-s use review unite few unit pure view unique acute 140.

3.Word Ending ment

The word endingmentis represented bym .

payment department settlement

management equipment treatment

shipment movement element

advertisementreplacement assignment

Observe that inassignment,themis joined to thenwith a jog .

141. 4.Word Ending tialThe word endingtial(also spelled cial ) is represented byish.Spell:special, s-p-e-shul specialfinancial initial especial social initially partial official initialed 142. 4.Word Beginning Com-The word beginningcom-,as incomplete,is alsorepresented byk.Spell :complete, c-o-m-p-l-e-t complete compliment combine computer compare accomplish 143. 5.Con-, Com- Followed by a VowelWhencon-, com-,are followedby a vowel, these word beginning are represented by knorkm. connect commit commercial connection commerce accommodate 144.

LESSON 20

Principles

Brief Forms

145. 146. 4.Word Beginning Com-The word beginningcom-,as incomplete,is also represented byk.Spell :c-o-m-p-l-e-t, complete complete compliment combine computer compare accomplish 147. 5.Con-, Com- ,Followed by a VowelWhencon-, com-,are followed by a vowel, these word beginning are represented byknorkm. connect commit commercial connection commerce accommodate 148. LESSON 21 Principles 1.Brief Forms advantage several ever, every suggest out very 149. 2.Ten By rounding off the angle betweent-n,we obtain thefluenttenblend. Ten tendpotential bulletin attend competent stand attention consistent cotton tentative straighten tonight 150. 3.Den The stroke that representst-nalso representsd-n.Spell:deny, den- deny evidence danger dentist condense dinner sudden president guidance