basic vocabulary. 1

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1.- The house 2.- Periods of time 3.- Family relationships 4.- The human body 5.- Clothes and accessories 6.- Colours 7.- Personal Information and marital status 8.- Nature 9.- Buildings and places 10.- Daily routine 11.- Housework 12.- School subjects 13.- The Classroom 14.- Jobs and Occupations 15.- What’s the weather like 16.- Opposites 17.- Food (1) 18.- Food (2) 19.- Physical appearance 20.- Irregular verbs.



THE HOUSE ( LA CASA) - KITCHEN: Cocina fridge: frigorífico microwave oven: microondas sink: pila, lavabo plate: plato knife:cuchillo fork: tenedor spoon: cuchara; cup: taza napkin: servilleta tablecloth: mantel dishes: vajilla glass: vaso

LIVING ROOM: sala de estar;salón Sofa=couch: sofá Carpet: alfombra; Rug: alfombra Armchair: sillón Television set: televisión Curtain:cortina Lamp: lámpara Bookcase: librería Cushion: cojín Fireplace: chimenea (dentro) BEDROOM: dormitorio Bed: cama Bedside table mesilla de noche Pillow: almohada; Blankets: mantas Sheets: sábanas Wardrobe/ closet: armario BATHROOM: cuarto de baño Sink=wash-basin: lavabo Toilet: inodoro; Mirror: espejo Towel: toalla Toilet paper: papel higiénico Shampoo: champú; Soap: jabón Toothbrush: cepillo de dientes; Toothpaste: pasta de dientes Comb: peine; Hairbrush: cepillo (para el pelo) Shower: ducha Bath/Bathtub: bañera

OTHER PARTS OF THE HOUSE Stairs: escaleras Upstairs: en el piso de arriba Downstairs: en el piso de abajo Ceiling: techo Floor: suelo; Wall: pared Roof: tejado ; Clock: reloj Corridor: pasillo Garage: garaje Garden: jardín Front door: puerta de entrada



PERIODS OF TIME

SEASONS: estaciones Spring: primavera Summer: verano Autumn (BrE): otoño Fall (AmE): otoño Winter: invierno DAYS OF THE WEEK Monday: lunes Tuesday: martes Wednesday: miércoles Thursday: jueves Friday: viernes Saturday: sábado Sunday: domingo PERIODS OF TIME Minute: minuto Hour: hora Day: día Week: semana Month: mes Year: año Century: siglo Weekend: fin de semana



FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Grandmother: abuela Grandfather: abuelo Grandparents: abuelos Father: padre Mother: madre Parents: padres Aunt: tía Uncle: tío Brother: hermano Sister: hermana Son: hijo Daughter: hija Grandson = nieto Granddaughter = nieta Grandchild/ grandchildren = niet@/ nietos Wife: esposa Husband: marido Cousin: primo/a Brother-in-law: cuñado Sister-in-law: cuñada Father-in-law: suegro Mother-in-law: suegra Son-in-law: yerno Daughter-in-law: nuera Nephew: sobrino Niece: sobrina



THE HUMAN BODY

Head: cabeza Hair: pelo Ear: oreja/oído Neck: cuello Shoulder: hombro Arm: brazo Back: espalda Leg: pierna Knee: rodilla Foot; feet (pl): pie Toes: dedos (de los pies) Hand: mano Finger: dedo Mouth: boca Face: cara Forehead: frente Nose: nariz Tongue: lengua Lip: labio Eye: ojo Heart: corazón Lung: pulmón Blood: sangre Stomach: estómago Brain: cerebro Bones: huesos



CLOTHES AND ACCESSORIES Shirt: camisa T-shirt: camiseta Trousers (pl): pantalones Jeans: vaqueros Skirt: falda Shoes: zapatos Socks: calcetines Sweater: jersey/sudadera Underwear: ropa interior Underpants: calzoncillos/bragas Track suit /jogging set: chandal Coat: abrigo Raincoat: chubasquero Tie: corbata Suit: traje ; Belt: cinturón Hat: sombrero Cap: gorra; Shorts: pantalones cortos Swimming-trunks (BrE):bañador (men) Bathing suit: (AmE) bañador(men) Swimsuit/bathing suit: (women): bañador Pyjamas/pajamas: pijama Bra: sujetador Bracelet: pulsera Ring: anillo Necklace: collar Earring: pendiente Scarf: bufanda /pañoleta Handkerchief: pañuelo Chain: cadena ; Watch: reloj Glasses: gafas Sun-glasses: gafas de sol



COLOURS Red: rojo; Pink: rosa Orange: naranja Brown: marrón Yellow: amarillo Blue: azul Purple: morado Black: negro Grey: gris White: blanco Green: verde ; Light green: verde claro Dark green: verde oscuro Navy blue: azul marino



PERSONAL INFORMATION AND MARITAL STATUS

Name: nombre Surname (BrE): apellido Last name (AmE): apellido Place of Birth: lugar de nacimiento Birth date: fecha de nacimiento Age: edad Marital status: estado civil Address: domicilio Sex: sexo Male: varón Female: mujer. Married: casado Single: soltero Divorced: divorciado Widow: viuda ; Widower: viudo.



NATURE

Environment: medio ambiente Mountain: montaña Hill : colina River: río Coast: costa Seashore: costa Beach: playa Countryside: campo Sky. Cielo Village: pueblo Tree: árbol Flowers: flores Lake: lago Sea: mar Island: isla Sun: sol Sunrise: el amanecer Sunset: la puesta del sol Waterfall: cascada, catarata Moon: luna Stars: estrellas. Horizon: horizonte. Forest: bosque Wood: bosque; madera. Desert: desierto. Pond: estanque Cloud: nube Fog: niebla Rain: lluvia Storm: tormenta Field: campo Stream:arroyo,riachuelo,



BUILDINGS AND PLACES School: colegio University: universidad Kindergarten: guardería Shop: tienda Bookshop (BrE): librería Bookstore (AmE): librería Hospital: hospital Church: iglesia Chemist’s: farmacia Town Hall: ayuntamiento Prison/Jail: carcel Bus-railway station: estacíón Cinema: cine Theatre: teatro Movie theater (AmE): cine Circus: circo Shopping centre: centro comercial Mall (AmE): complejo comercial Petrol station: gasolinera Library: biblioteca. Cafeteria: bar Restaurant: restaurante Hotel: hotel Inn: pensión. Supermarket : supermercado Dry-cleaner’s : tintorería Restaurant: restaurante Graveyard: cementerio Bank: banco. Hairdresser’s = peluquería



DAILY ROUTINE To wake up: despertarse To get up: levantarse To have breakfast: desayunar To have a shower: ducharse To do the housework: hacer las tareas de casa To go jogging: hacer footing To get dressed: vestirse To leave home: salir de casa To buy the newspaper:comprar periódico To listen to music: escuchar música To catch the train/bus: coger el tren/bus To start school/work: empezar cole/trabajo To have a break: hacer un descanso To have lunch: comer (mediodía) To finish work/school: terminar de trabajar To rest: descansar To meet some friends: quedar con amigos To watch TV: ver la tele To do the homework: hacer los deberes To have dinner: cenar To go to bed.: acostarse



HOUSEWORK

To iron/ To do the ironing : planchar; To make the beds: hacer las camas To sweep the floor: barrer el suelo To wash up/ To do the washing up : lavar los cacharros To do the shopping: hacer la compra To dust/ to do the dusting: Limpiar el polvo To load the diswasher: cargar el lavava To cook: cocinar To tidy up: ordenar To vacuum/ To do the vacuuming: : pasar la aspiradora To clean the floor: limpiar el suelo To put the rubbish out: sacar la basura To do the laundry /To do the washing: Hacer la colada To hang out the washing. Tender ropa To wash or mop the floor: fregar To sew : coser To water the plants: regar las plantas.



SCHOOL SUBJECTS Physical Education: E.F Foreign languages: lenguas extranjeras English: Inglés French: Francés Latin: Latín Spanish Language and Literature Mathematics ( Maths): Matemáticas Physics: Física Chemistry: Química Crafts: Manualidades Computer Science: Informática Computer Lab: Laboratorio Informática History: Historia Natural Science: Ciencias Naturales Biology: Biología Religion: Religión Ethics: ética. Breaktime: recreo Vocational Training:Módulos formativos



THE CLASSROOM Blackboard: pizarra Textbook: libro de texto Notebook: cuaderno Workbook: libro de ejercicios Dictionary: diccionario Calculator: calculadora School bag: mochila Scissors: tijeras Picture: cuadro Map: mapa Pencil: lapicero Ruler: regla Pen: bolígrafo Glue: pegamento Chalk: tiza Pencil-sharpener: sacapuntas Rubber/ Eraser: borrador Marker: rotulador Tippe-ex Correcting fluid: tippex Paper clip: clips Stapler: grapadora Notice board: tablón; corcho Hole-punch: perforadora Diary: agenda Desk: pupitre Drawer: cajón Attendance report: parte asistencia



JOBS AND OCCUPATIONS Cook: cocinero Driver: conductor Farmer: granjero/agricultor Hairdresser: peluquero Architect: arquitecto Engineer: ingeniero Secretary: secretari@ Postman/woman: carter@ Waiter: camarero ; Waitress: camarera Tourist Guide: guía turístico Teacher : profesor Doctor : doctor Lawyer : Abogado Artist : artista Musician : músico Shopkeeper : dependiente/a Computer Programmer : programador Bricklayer/builder : albañil Economist : economista Psychologist : psicólogo Newsreader : locutor Soldier : soldado Civil Servant : funcionario Electrician : electricista Mechanic : mecánico Housewife : ama de casa Travel Agent : agente de viajes Police Officer : policía Fireman : bombero Judge : Juez Politician : político Social worker : trabajador social Sportman/woman : deportista. Journalist: periodista Painter: pintor Nurse: enfermera



WHAT’S THE WEATHER LIKE?

Sun: sol It’s sunny:; está soleado Rain: lluvia It’s rainy: está lluvioso Fog: nieba It’s foggy: hace niebla Wind: viento It’s windy: hace viento Snow: nieve It’s snowy: está nevado Cloud: nube It’s cloudy: está nublado Storm: tormeta Stormy weather : tiempo de tormenta. Cold: frío; It’s cold: hace frío. Freezing: helado It’s freezing: hace un tiempo gélido Warm: templado It’s warm: hace un tiempo templado Hot: caluroso It’s hot: hace calor.



OPPOSITES

Good ≠ bad: bueno≠ malo Big/Large ≠small/little:grande≠pequeño Old ≠ new: viejo ≠ nuevo Cheap ≠ expensive: barato≠ caro Open ≠ closed: abierto ≠ cerrado Easy ≠ difficult/hare: fácil/difícil Thick ≠ thin: grueso ≠ delgado Wide ≠ narrow: ancho ≠ estrecho Tall ≠ short (por people): alto≠bajo High ≠ low (for things) alto≠bajo Loud ≠ low (for volume) alto≠bajo Deep ≠ Shallow: profundo≠superficial Weak ≠ strong: débil≠ fuerte Fast ≠ slow: rápido≠ lento Happy≠ sad: feliz≠ triste. Dry ≠ wet: seco≠ mojado Full ≠ empty: lleno ≠ vacío Light ≠ Heavy: ligero ≠ pesado Hard ≠ soft: duro ≠ suave Clean ≠ dirty: limpio ≠ sucio Tight ≠ loose: apretado ≠ suelto Good-Looking/pretty ≠ ugly: guap@ ≠ feo Fat ≠ thin : gord@≠ delgado Early ≠ late: temprano ≠ tarde Dark ≠ bright: oscuro ≠ luminoso Right ≠ left: derecho ≠ izquierdo



FOOD ( 1)

Fruits: Apple: manzana Pear: pera Orange: naranja Banana: plátano Grape: uvas Strawberry: fresa Peach: melocotón Vegetables: verduras Bean: judía Potato: patata Carrot: zanahoria Lentils: lentejas Spinach: espinacas. Mushroom: champiñón Meats: Carnes Beef: carne de vaca Veal: ternera (muy joven) Lamb: cordero Pork: cerdo Chicken: pollo Turkey: pavo Steak : filete Chop: chuleta Saussage: salchicha Verbs Eat-ate-eaten: comer To taste: degustar/ saber



FOOD (2)

Dairy Products : Milk : leche Butter : mantequilla Cheese : queso Yoghurt : yogur Egg : huevo; Fried eggs: huevos fritos Jam/Jelly : mermelada. Breakfast Cornflakes : cereales Juice : zumo Biscuits/ cookies : galletas Toast : tostada Sauces and Seasoning (salsas y condimentos) Vinegar : vinagre Salt : sal Oil: aceite Onion: cebolla Garlic; ajo Tuna: atún. Cucumber: pepino Others Fish: pescado Bread: pan Sandwich: sandwich Crisps(BrE)/chips(AmE) patatas frita Omelette: tortilla Soup: sopa



PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Hair Short ≠ Long Straight: liso Wavy: ondulado Curly: rizado Bald (adj) calvo Dark, brown, red Grey : cano Blond/ fair :rubio Age Baby: bebé Child: niño Teenager: adolesc Adult: adulto Grown-up: adulto Accessories Make- up: maquillaje Tattoo: tatuaje Piercing: piercing. Leather jacket: chaqueta de cuero Casual wear: ropa informal Denim jacket.: chaqueta vaquera Verbs related to Appearance To wear-wore-worn: llevar To look like: parecerse a. To dye: teñir. To dress: vestir To dress well: vestir bien To dress badly: vestir mal (con mal gusto) To dress up: vestirse de punta en blanco Sporty style : estilo deportivo Posh ( clothes, person) pijo.



VERBOS IRREGULARES- CLASIFICACIÓN POR GRUPOS A .- TODAS LAS FORMAS IGUALES B.- PASADO SIMPLE Y PARTICIPIO IGUALES

BASE PASADO PARTIC SIGNIFIC BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO BET BET BET ESPERAR SLEEP SLEPT DORMIR BURST BURST BURST REVENTAR SMELL SMELT OLER COST COST COST COSTAR SPELL SPELT DELETREAR CUT CUT CUT CORTAR SPEND SPENT GASTAR HIT HIT HIT GOLPEAR SPOIL SPOILT ESTROPEAR HURT HURT HURT HERIR STAND STOOD ESTAR DE PIE LET LET LET PERMITIR STICK STUCK ENGOMAR PUT PUT PUT PONER STING STUNG PICAR READ READ READ LEER STRIKE STRUCK GOLPEAR SET SET SET PONER SWEEP SWEPT BARRER SHUT SHUT SHUT CERRAR SWING SWUNG COLUMPIAR SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD EXTENDER TEACH TAUGHT ENSEÑAR UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER B.- PASADO SIMPLE Y PARTICIPIO IGUALES WIN WON GANAR BASE PASADO - PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO BEND BENT DOBLAR C.- CAMBIO VOCÁLICO I –A – U BRING BROUGHT TRAER BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR BUILD BUILT CONSTRUIR DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER BURN BURNT QUEMAR RING RANG RUNG LLAMAR BUY BOUGHT COMPRAR SING SANG SUNG CANTAR CATCH CAUGHT COGER SINK SANK SUNK HUNDIR DEAL DEALT TRATAR SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR DIG DUG CAVAR STINK STANK STUNK APESTAR DREAM DREAMT SOÑAR SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR FEED FED ALIMENTAR FEEL FELT SENTIRSE D.- BASE Y PARTICIPIO IGUALES FIGHT FOUGHT LUCHAR BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO FIND FOUND ENCONTRAR BECOME BECAME BECOME LLEGAR A SER FLEE FLED HUIR COME CAME COME VENIR GET GOT/GOTTEN CONSEGUIR RUN RAN RUN CORRER HANG HUNG COLGAR HAVE HAD TENER/HABER E BASE = PARTICIPIO + (e)n HEARD HEARD OÍR (A)RISE (A)ROSE (A)RISEN LEVANTARSE HOLD HELD SOSTENER BEAT BEAT BEATEN GOLPEAR KEEP KEPT GUARDAR BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER LAY LAID PONER BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPLAR LEAD LED GUIAR DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR LEARN LEARNT APRENDER DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN CONDUCIR LEAVE LEFT DEJAR/SALIR EAT ATE EATEN COMER LEND LENT PRESTAR FALL FELL FALLEN CAER LIGHT LIT ENCENDER FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROHIBIR LOSE LOST PERDER FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDONAR MAKE MADE HACER GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR MEAN MEANT SIGNIFICAR GROW GREW GROWN CRECER MEET MET ENCONTRAR HIDE HID HIDDEN OCULTAR PAY PAID PAGAR KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER SELL SOLD VENDER SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN SACUDIR SEND SENT ENVIAR SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR SHINE SHONE BRILLAR TAKE TOOK TAKEN COGER/LLEVAR

SHOOT SHOT DISPARAR THROW THREW THROWN TIRAR SIT SAT SENTARSE WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR

F PAST = PARTICIPLE + (E)N G .- CON LAS 3 FORMAS DIFERENTES BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ELEGIR DO DID DONE HACER FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLAR FREEZE FROZE FROZEN CONGELAR GO WENT GONE IR SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR LIE LAY LAIN TUMBARSE STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR



10 Most Interesting Facts About Words In The English Language 10. The shortest complete sentence in the English language consists of only one word and that is “Go”. 9. The oldest word in the English language is “Town”. 8. In England, till 1880s using the word “pants” was considered indecent. 7. The word “goodbye” came from “God bye”, which in turn comes from “God be with you”. The phrase “so long” came from the Arabic word “salaam” and also from the Hebrew word “shalom”. 6. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the longest word in the English language is “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis”. The only other word with so many letters is its plural, “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokonioses”. 5. The word with most number of definitions in the English language is “set”. 4. There is a seven-letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging any of its letters, and that seven-letter word is, “therein”, which contains: the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein. 3. The combination “ough” can be pronounced in nine different ways. The following sentence contains them all: “A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed.” 2. There are six words in the English language which have the letter combination ‘uu’. They are “muumuu”, which means a long loose-fitting dress, “vacuum”, “continuum”, “duumvirate”, which is an alliance between two equally powerful political or military leaders, “duumvir”, which is a rule by two people and “residuum”, which means remainder. There are only four words in the English language which end in “-dous”. They are: tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous. There are three words in the English language that end in “-ceed”: proceed, exceed, and succeed. The only two meaningful words that end in “-gry” in the English language are: “angry” and “hungry”. 1. There are no words that could rhyme with the words, orange, purple, silver, or month.

basic vocabulary. 1

Entertainment & Humor

corbata suit

verde light green

edad marital status

periods of time seasons

verde claro dark green

blanco green

calzoncillosbragas track

otoo fall ame