basic waves, sound & light waves, and the e & m...
TRANSCRIPT
Basic Waves, Sound & Light Waves, and the E & M Spectrum
A) amplitude = 0.10 m, wavelength = 0.30 mB) amplitude = 0.10 m, wavelength = 0.60 mC) amplitude = 0.20 m, wavelength = 0.30 mD) amplitude = 0.20 m, wavelength = 0.60 m
1. What are the amplitude and wavelength of the waveshown below?
A) B)
C) D)
2. A transverse wave passes through a uniform materialmedium from left to right, as shown in the diagrambelow.
Which diagram best represents the direction ofvibration of the particles of the medium?
A) bottom of the pageB) top of the pageC) left of the pageD) right of the page
3. The diagram below shows a transverse wave movingtoward the left along a rope.
At the instant shown, point P on the rope is movingtoward the
Base your answers to questions 4 and 5 on the accompanying diagram which represents a sound waveand its corresponding pattern on an oscilloscope screen.
A) elliptical B) transverse C) torsional D) longitudinal
4. What type of wave is the sound wave?
A) 1 m B) 2 m C) 8 m D) 4 m
5. What is the wavelength of the sound wave?
A) B)
C) D)
6. Which graph best represents the relationship betweenthe frequency and period of a wave?
A) 1.0 Hz B) 2.0 HzC) 5.0 × 10–1 Hz D) 3.3 × 102 Hz
7. The diagram below shows a piston being moved backand forth to generate a wave. The piston produces acompression, C, every 0.50 second.
The frequency of this wave is
8. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below which represents a wave traveling tothe right along an elastic medium.
A) 1 s B) 2 sC) 0.25 s D) 4.0 s
If the frequency of the wave is 0.25 cycle per second,the period of the wave is
A) wavelength B) periodC) amplitude D) frequency
9. The number of cycles of a periodic wave occurringper unit time is called the wave's
A) a wave front B) a wavelengthC) the frequency D) the period
10. The diagram illustrates the wave pattern formedwhen a stone is dropped into still water.
What does the collection of points on the outermostcircle represent?
Base your answers to questions 11 through 15 on thediagram below which represents a segment of aperiodic wave traveling to the right in a steel spring.
A) 2.5 m B) 2.0 mC) 0.2 m D) 0.4 m
11. What is the amplitude of the wave?
A) 1.0 m B) 2.0 mC) 2.5 m D) 0.4 m
12. What is the wavelength of the wave?
A) 1.0 Hz B) 2.5 HzC) 5.0 Hz D) 0.4 Hz
13. If a wave crest passes line XY every 0.40 second, thefrequency of the wave is
A) A and D B) B and EC) C and I D) C and H
14. Which two points on the wave are in phase?
A) torsional B) longitudinalC) elliptical D) transverse
15. What type of wave is illustrated by the diagram?
A) 13 m/s B) 27 m/sC) 60. m/s D) 120 m/s
16. The periodic wave in the diagram below has afrequency of 40. hertz.
What is the speed of the wave?
A) 0.40 Hz B) 5.0 HzC) 10. Hz D) 40. Hz
17. A wave generator located 4.0 meters from areflecting wall produces a standing wave in a string,as shown in the diagram below.
If the speed of the wave is 10. meters per second,what is its frequency?
A) lower frequency and a shorter wavelengthB) lower frequency and a longer wavelengthC) higher frequency and a shorter wavelengthD) higher frequency and a longer wavelength
18. Astronauts traveling toward Earth in a fast-movingspacecraft receive a radio signal from an antenna onEarth. Compared to the frequency and wavelength ofthe radio signal emitted from the antenna, the radiosignal received by the astronauts has a
A) he moves toward the source at a constant speedB) the source moves away from him at a constant
speedC) he accelerates toward the sourceD) the source accelerates away from him
19. A source of waves and an observer are movingrelative to each other. The observer will detect asteadily increasing frequency if
A) vacuum B) airC) water D) steel
20. In which medium does sound have the greatestspeed?
A) is a longitudinal waveB) possesses energy inversely proportional to its
frequencyC) diffracts and accelerates in airD) transfers energy without transferring mass
21. A television remote control is used to direct pulsesof electromagnetic radiation to a receiver on atelevision. This communication from the remotecontrol to the television illustrates thatelectromagnetic radiation
A) transverse, because the air molecules arevibrating parallel to the direction of wavemotion
B) transverse, because the air molecules arevibrating perpendicular to the direction of wavemotion
C) longitudinal, because the air molecules arevibrating parallel to the direction of wavemotion
D) longitudinal, because the air molecules arevibrating perpendicular to the direction of wavemotion
22. A tuning fork vibrating in air produces sound waves.These waves are best classified as
A) Both have the same frequency as theirrespective sources.
B) Both require a matter medium for propagation.C) Both are longitudinal waves.D) Both are transverse waves.
23. How are electromagnetic waves that are produced byoscillating charges and sound waves that areproduced by oscillating tuning forks similar?
A) a node B) an antinodeC) a standing wave D) a pulse
24. A single vibratory disturbance moving through amedium is called
A) B)
C) D)
25. Which diagram best represents the shape and direction of a series of wave fronts after they havepassed through a small opening in a barrier?
A) speed B) periodC) wavelength D) amplitude
26. An electric guitar is generating a sound of constantfrequency. An increase in which sound wavecharacteristic would result in an increase inloudness?
A) 1.5 × 10–3 m B) 1.7 × 102 mC) 6.6 × 102 m D) 1.5 × 108 m
27. At an outdoor physics demonstration, a delay of 0.50seconds was observed between the time soundwaves left a loudspeaker and the time these soundwaves reached a student through the air. If the air isat STP, how far was the student from the speaker?
A) 5.0 × 102 s B) 2.0 × 10–3 sC) 5.0 × 10–1 s D) 4.5 × l019 s
28. The time required for light to travel a distance of 1.5 × 10 11 meters is closest to
A) converging B) divergingC) parallel D) diffused
29. A beam of parallel rays of light is reflected from aplane mirror. After reflection, the rays will be
A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same
30. As the wavelength of a visible light beam isincreased from violet to red, the speed of the light ina vacuum
A) decreases and its frequency remains thesame
B) increases and its frequency remains the sameC) remains the same and its frequency decreasesD) remains the same and its frequency increases
31. As a sound wave passes from water, where the speedis 1.49 × 103 meters per second, into air, the wave’sspeed
A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same
32. When the energy used to produce a sound waveincreases, the amplitude of the wave
A) the Doppler effectB) diffractionC) resonanceD) destructive interference
33. A car traveling at 70 kilometers per hour acceleratesto pass a truck. When the car reaches a speed of 90kilometers per hour the driver hears the glovecompartment door start to vibrate. By the time thespeed of the car is 100 kilometers per hour, the glovecompartment door has stopped vibrating.Thisvibrating phenomenon is an example of
A) rarefaction B) reflectionC) refraction D) resonance
34. The phenomenon in which one vibrating objectcauses another to vibrate is called
A) 30.° B) 60.° C) 120.° D) 150.°
35. The diagram below represents a light ray striking theboundary between air and glass.
What would be the angle between this light ray andits reflected ray?
A) echoes B) pitchC) the Doppler effect D) standing waves
36. Which of the following is caused by the interferenceof sound waves?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
37. The diagram below represents a view from above ofa tank of water in which parallel wave fronts aretraveling toward a barrier.
Which arrow represents the direction of travel forthe wave fronts after being reflected from thebarrier?
A) polarization B) reflectionC) refraction D) interference
38. The pattern of bright and dark bands observed whenmonochromatic light passes through two narrow slitsis due to
A) A B) B C) C D) D
39. A light ray is incident upon a cylindrical reflectingsurface as shown in the diagram. The ray will mostlikely be reflected toward letter
Base your answers to questions 40 through 44 on thediagram below. The diagram shows two light raysoriginating from source S in medium y. The dashedline represents a normal to each surface.
A) A B) B C) C D) E
40. Which light ray would not be produced in thissituation?
A) A B) B C) C D) E
41. A reflected light ray is ray
A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3C) 3 and 4 D) 1 and 4
42. Which two angles must be equal?
A) surface yz, onlyB) surface xy, onlyC) neither surface xy nor yz
43. Light originating from source S could produce totalinternal reflection at
A) less B) greaterC) the same
44. Compared to the speed of light in medium x, thespeed of light in medium z is
A) amplitude and frequency of the incident waveB) wavelength and speed of the incident waveC) wavelength of the incident wave and the size
of the openingD) amplitude of the incident wave and the size of
the opening
45. A wave is diffracted as it passes through an openingin a barrier. The amount of diffraction that the waveundergoes depends on both the
A) diffraction B) refractionC) regular reflection D) diffuse reflection
46. The behavior of the light incident upon this pagebest illustrates the phenomenon of
A) totally refractedB) totally reflectedC) partially reflected and partially diffractedD) partially reflected and partially refracted
47. The diagram below shows light rays in air about tostrike a glass window.
When the rays reach the boundary between the airand the glass, the light is
A) completely absorbed by the boundaryB) entirely transmitted into the new mediumC) entirely reflected back into the original mediumD) partly reflected back into the original
medium and partly transmitted or absorbedinto the new medium
48. When a pulse traveling in a medium strikes theboundary of a different medium, the energy of thepulse will be
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
49. The diagram below represents shallow water wavesof wavelength passing through two smallopenings, A and B, in a barrier.
How much longer is the length of path AP than thelength of path BP?
50. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents red light incident upon a double-slit barrier, producing aninterference pattern on a screen. The wavelength of the red light is meter, the distance
between the slits is meter, and is meter.
A) B)
C) D)
Which diagram best describes the pattern observed on the screen?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
51. A beam of monochromatic light approaches a barrierhaving four openings, A, B, C, and D, of differentsizes as shown below.
Which opening will cause the greatest diffraction?
A) much shorter than 10. cmB) equal to 10. cmC) longer than 10. cm, but shorter than 20. cmD) longer than 20. cm
52. Waves pass through a 10.-centimeter opening in abarrier without being diffracted. This observationprovides evidence that the wavelength of the wavesis
A) dispersionB) internal reflectionC) refractionD) diffraction
53. As shown in the diagram below, a beam of light canpass through the length of a curved glass fiber.
This phenomenon is possible due to the effect of
A) the bird and the fishB) the bird and the seaweedC) the crab and the seaweedD) the crab and the fish
54. A laser beam is directed at the surface of a smooth,calm pond as represented in the diagram below.
Which organisms could be illuminated by the laserlight?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
55. The diagram below shows a ray of light beingrefracted as it passes from air into glass. Whichletter represents the angle of refraction for the lightray?
A) B)
C) D)
56. Which diagram best represents the behavior of a ray of monochromatic light in air incident on a blockof crown glass?
A) reflection B) refraction C) diffraction D) interference
57. The diagram below represents straight wave fronts passing from deep water into shallow water, witha change in speed and direction.
Which phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram?
A) Its speed decreases, its wavelength becomesshorter, and its frequency remains the same.
B) Its speed decreases, its wavelength becomesshorter, and its frequency increases.
C) Its speed increases, its wavelength becomeslonger, and its frequency remains the same.
D) Its speed increases, its wavelength becomeslonger, and its frequency decreases.
58. What occurs when light passes from water into flintglass?
A) traveling with the same speedB) traveling in the same mediumC) in phaseD) superposed
59. The diagram below represents wave fronts travelingfrom medium X into medium Y.
All points on any one wave front shown must be
A) dispersion B) reflectionC) polarization D) refraction
60. In the diagram below, a ray of monochromatic light (A) and a ray of polychromatic light (B) are bothincident upon an air-glass interface.
Which phenomenon could occur with ray B, but notwith ray A?
A) orange B) redC) violet D) green
61. When a ray of white light is refracted and dispersed,the component color that has the greatest change indirection is
A)
B)
C)
D)
62. In which diagram below could the light source andoptical device be used to demonstrate thephenomenon of dispersion?
A) reflected B) refractedC) dispersed D) diffracted
63. If the critical angle of glass is 45°, the light rays,shown in the diagram will be
A) diamond B) benzeneC) glycerol D) water
64. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below.
Total internal reflection may occur when substance xis
A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same
65. The diagram below shows a ray of light passingthrough two media.
When the wave travels from medium A into mediumB, its speed
A) amplitude B) frequencyC) period D) wavelength
66. Which characteristic of a light wave must increase asthe light wave passes from glass into air?
67. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which show the paths of beamsof monochromatic light as they reach the boundarybetween two media. N is the normal to the surface.[the index of refraction for benzene is 1.50]
A) A B) B C) C D) D
The beam of light will undergo total internalreflection at the boundary in diagram
A) 0° B) 41° C) 90° D) 180°
68. The diagram below represents a light ray travelingfrom crown glass into air. The position of the lightsource is changed to vary the angle
As approaches the critical angle, the angle ofrefraction approaches
A) B) C) D)
69. A light ray passes from air into glass as shown in thediagram below.
Which relationship represents the index of refractionof the glass?
A) 10. B) 20. C) 30. D) 40.
70. A ray of monochromatic light (Wavelength = 5.9 x10–7 meter) traveling in air is incident on aninterface with a liquid at an angle of 45, as shown inthe diagram below.
If the absolute index of refraction of the liquid is 1.4,the angle of refraction for the light ray is closest to
A) lucite B) glycerolC) alcohol D) water
71. The direction of a light ray in air will change mostwhen the light ray obliquely strikes and then enters
A) a neutron B) a protonC) an electron D) an alpha particle
72. An accelerating particle that does not generateelectromagnetic waves could be
A) a neutron at constant velocityB) a neutron acceleratingC) a proton at constant velocityD) a proton accelerating
73. Which is a source of electromagnetic radiation?
A) longer and a period that is shorterB) longer and a period that is longerC) shorter and a period that is longerD) shorter and a period that is shorter
74. A microwave and an x ray are traveling in a vacuum.Compared to the wavelength and period of themicrowave, the x ray has a wavelength that is
A) scattering and diffractionB) reflection and interferenceC) transmission and Doppler effectD) refraction and dispersion
75. Which phrase best describes the phenomenonillustrated by the diagram below?
A) 2.15 m B) 4.30 mC) 6.45 m D) 8.60 m
76. While playing, two children create a standing wavein a rope, as shown in the diagram below. A thirdchild participates by jumping the rope.
What is the wavelength of this standing wave?
A) dispersion B) diffractionC) internal reflection D) polarization
77. The diagram below shows sunglasses being used toeliminate glare.
Which phenomenon of light is represented in thediagram?
A) transverse and vibrating in one planeB) transverse and vibrating in all directionsC) circular and vibrating at randomD) longitudinal and vibrating at random
78. Which characterizes a polarized wave?
Base your answers to questions 79 through 82 on thediagram below which represents a ray ofmonochromatic yellow light
incident upon a block oflucite at point A,and continuing through the lucite topoint B.
79. What is the critical angle for Lucite?
A) E B) F C) C D) D
80. After the ray reaches point B, it will pass throughpoint
A) B)C) D)
81. The frequency of the yellow light in the lucite isapproximately
A) B)C) D)
82. What is the speed of the yellow light in the Lucite?
83. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation and diagram below.
A ray of monochromatic light of frequency
hertz is traveling from water intomedium . The angle of incidence in water is
and the angle of refraction in medium is , as shown.
Medium X is most likely what material?
Base your answers to questions 84 through 86 on theinformation and diagram below.
A monochromatic beam of yellow light, AB, isincident upon a Lucite block in air at an angle of33°.
84. Calculate the angle of refraction for incident beam AB. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]
85. Compare the speed of the yellow light in air to thespeed of the yellow light in Lucite.
86. Using a straightedge, a protractor, and your answerfrom the previous question, draw an arrow torepresent the path of the refracted beam.
Base your answers to questions 87 through 89 on the information and wave diagrams below.
Two waves, A and B, pass through the same medium at the same time.
87. On the grid provided above, sketch the wave pattern produced when the two waves interfere.
88. Name a wave characteristic that is the same for both wave A and wave B.
89. Name a wave charactertistic that is different for wave A and wave B.
90. The diagram below represents a periodic wave moving along a rope.
On the grid above, draw at least one full wave with the same amplitude and half the wavelength ofthe given wave.
91. A wave generator having a constant frequencyproduces parallel wave fronts in a tank of water oftwo different depths. The diagram below representsthe wave fronts in the deep water.
As the wave travels from the deep water into theshallow water, the speed of the waves decreases. Onthe diagram above, use a straightedge to draw atleast three lines to represent the wave fronts, withappropriate spacing, in the shallow water.
92. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength 5.89 × 10–7 meter traveling through air is incident on aninterface with corn oil. Calculate the wavelength ofthe electromagnetic wave in corn oil. [Show allwork, including the equation and substitution withunits.]
Base your answers to questions 93 through 95 on the information and diagram below.
A ray of monochromatic light having a frequency of 5.09 x 1014 hertz is incident on aninterface of air and corn oil at an angle of 35º as shown. The ray is transmitted through parallellayers of corn oil and glycerol and is then reflected from the surface of a plane mirror, locatedbelow and parallel to the glycerol layer. The ray then emerges from the corn oil back into the air atpoint P
93. Calculate the angle of refraction of the light ray as it enters the corn oil from air. [Show all work,including the equation and the substitution with units.]
94. Explain why the ray does not bend at the corn oil-glycerol interface.
95. On the diagram above, use a protractor and straightedge to construct the refracted ray representingthe light emerging at point P into air.
Base your answers to questions 96 and 97 on the information and diagram below.
A student standing on a dock observes a piece of wood floating on the water as shown below. Asa water wave passes, the wood moves up and down, rising to the top of a wave crest every seconds.
96. Calculate the frequency of the passing water waves. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]
97. Calculate the speed of the water waves. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution withunits.]
Base your answers to questions 98 and 99 on theinformation and diagram below.
A ray of light passes from air into a block oftransparent material X as shown in the diagrambelow.
98. The refracted light ray is reflected from the material X–air boundary at point P. Using a protractor andstraightedge, on the diagram, draw the reflected rayfrom point P.
99. a Measure the angles of incidence and refraction tothe nearest degree for this light ray at the air intomaterial X boundary.b Calculate the absolute index of refraction ofmaterial X.[Show all work, including the equationand substitution with units.]
100. Base your answer to the questions below on the following information:
The sonar of a stationary ship sends a signal with a frequency of hertz down throughwater. The speed of the signal is meters per second. The echo from the bottom isdetected seconds later.
a What is the wavelength of the sonar wave? [Show all calculations, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]b What is the depth of the water under the ship? [Show all calculations, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]
Answer KeyBasic Waves, Sound & Light Waves, and the E & M Spectrum
1. B2. C3. A4. D5. B6. D7. B8. D9. D10. A11. C12. B13. B14. C15. D16. C17. B18. C19. C20. D21. D22. C23. A24. D25. D26. D27. B28. A29. C30. C31. A32. B33. C34. D35. C
36. D37. C38. D39. C40. A41. C42. D43. B44. A45. C46. D47. D48. D49. B50. C51. A52. A53. B54. A55. D56. D57. B58. A59. C60. A61. C62. D63. A64. D65. A66. D67. C68. C69. D70. C
71. A72. A73. D74. D75. D76. D77. D78. A79. inverse sine of 0.6780. D81. B82. B83. zircon84. n1 sin 1 = n2 sin
22 = 21º
85. Light travels fasterin air than in Lucite.
86.
87.
88. amplitude or speed
89. Examples ofAcceptableResponses
wavelength or frequency or period
90.
91.
92.
93. 2 = 23º94. –The light does not
bend because lighttravels at the samespeed in both layers.–The absoluteindices of refractionare the same
95.
Answer KeyBasic Waves, Sound & Light Waves, and the E & M Spectrum
96.
97.
98.
99. a angle of incidence ,
angle of refraction
b
100.