basics chapter 03 ip address fundementals
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IP ADDRESSING FUNDAMENTALS
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Nobody knows youre a dog?
On the Internet,nobody knows youre a dog
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You are nothing but an IP address!
www.dialog.lk
www.n-able.biz
www.ebay.com
www.dogs.biz
www.apnic.net
www.gnso.org
www.ebay.com
www.doggie.com
WWW.cisco.com
216.239.39.99
66.187.232.50
66.135.208.101
209.217.36.32
202.12.29.20
199.166.24.5W
66.135.208.88
198.41.3.45
4.17.168.6
On the Internet
you are nothing but an IP Address!
202.12.29.142
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Internet for everything!
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What is an IP address?
An IP address is the logical address of a network interface.
The IP address uniquely identify network devices on a network.
An IP address can be private, for use on a LAN, or public,for use on the Internet or other WAN.
IP addresses can be determined statically
(assigned to a computer by a system administrator) or dynamically
(assigned by another device on the network on demand).
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What is a IP address (Cont)?
8bit 8bit 8bit 8bit
IP addresses consist of four bytes (32 bits).
Each byte of an IP address is known as an octet.
Octets can take any value between 0 and 255, but various rules exist for
ensuring IP addresses are valid.
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255
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What is a IP address (Cont)?
0-255 0-255 0-255 0-255
Eg:
192.168.100.13
200.5.6.7
1.2.3.4
10.224.223.221
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What is a IP address (Cont)?
An IP address has two main parts
1. Network Address
2. Host Address
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit
Eg:
Network Address Host Address
10.1.1.1112.32.201.11
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What is a IP address? - Summary
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IP Addressing Classes
There are 5 classes of IP addresses
1. Class A address
2. Class B address
3. Class C address
4. Class D address
5. Class E address
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Class A Address
First 8bits are used to represent the network address
Remaining 24 bits are used to represent the client address
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit
Network Address Host Address
If we use only class A IP addresses;
Maximum number of networks = 255
Maximum number of hosts in a one network = 16777115
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Class B Address
First 16 bits are used to represent the network address
Remaining 16 bits are used to represent the client address
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit
Network Address Host Address
If we use only class A IP addresses;
Maximum number of networks = 65535
Maximum number of hosts in a one network = 65535
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Class C Address
First 24 bits are used to represent the network address
Remaining 8 bits are used to represent the client address
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit
Network Address Host Address
If we use only class A IP addresses;
Maximum number of networks = 16777115
Maximum number of hosts in a one network = 255
U f dd l ithi
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Usage of address classes within
the limited addressing range
IP addresses are limited
Number of network addresses required is vary from organization to organization
Number of hosts in a network is vary from network to network
Due to these reasons entire addressing
space can not be allocated only to one class of addresses
Due to these reasons entire addressing
Space need to be allocated among all classes
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Class A Address
First 8 bits are used to represent the network address
Remaining 24 bits are used to represent the client address
Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
Addressing range 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
1-126 0-255 0-255 0-255
Network Address Host Address
0NNNNNNN Host Host Host
Eg: IP Address Network Address
1.2.3.4 1.0.0.0
50.100.150.200 50.0.0.0
126.222.232.250 126.0.0.0
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Class A Addresses in a network
Local Router
10.1.1.110.1.2.310.2.5.610.200.100.50
10.0.0.0
network
External Network
Advertise
10.0.0.0
Traffic to10.1.1.1 (Traffic address to 10.0.0.0 NW)
Delivered to host
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Class B Address
First 16 bits are used to represent the network address
Remaining 16 bits are used to represent the client address
Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
Addressing range 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
128-191 0-255 0-255 0-255
Network Address Host Address
10NNNNNN NNNNNNNN Host HostEg: IP Address Network Address
128.2.3.4 128.2.0.0
160.0.0.1 160.0.0.0
175.222.232.250 175.222.0.0
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Class B Addresses in a network
Local Router
172.16.1.1172.16.2.3172.16.5.6172.16.100.50
172.16.0.0
network
External Network
Advertise
172.16.0.0
Traffic to172.16.1.1 (Traffic address to 172.16.0.0 NW)
Delivered to host
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Class C Address
First 24 bits are used to represent the network address
Remaining 8 bits are used to represent the client address
Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
Addressing range 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
192-223 0-255 0-255 0-255
Network Address Host Address
110NNNNN NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN HostEg: IP Address Network Address
192.168.3.4 192.168.3.0
212.0.0.1 212.0.0.0
205.222.232.250 205.222.232.0
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Local Router
172.16.1.1172.16.2.3172.16.5.6172.16.100.50
192.168.3.0
network
External Network
Advertise
192.168.3.0
Traffic to192.168.3.4 (Traffic address to 192.168.3.0 NW)
Delivered to host
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Class D Address
224-239 0-255 0-255 0-255
1110MMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM
Eg: Multicast Address Functionality
224.0.0.1 All Systems on this Subnet
224.0.0.10 IGRP Routers
224.0.0.9 RIP2 Routers
More Details -
Allocation of multicast addresses - http://www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses
Reserved for multicast groups
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
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Class E Address
240-255 0-255 0-255 0-255
1111MMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM
Reserved for Future use
Addressing range - 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
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Address Class Network Host
10.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64
192.6.141.2
130.113.64.16
256.241.201.10
IP Address Classes Exercise
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IP Address Classes Exercise - Answers
Address Class Network Host
10.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64
192.6.141.2
130.113.64.16
256.241.201.10
A
B
C
C
B
Nonexistent
10.0.0.0
128.63.0.0
201.222.5.0
192.6.141.0
130.113.0.0
0.2.1.1
0.0.2.100
0.0.0.64
0.0.0.2
0.0.64.16
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IP addressing classes - Summary