Basics of Anatomy and Physiology

Amy L. Beard

Levels of Organization

Body Cavities – not the ones in your teeth

• Dorsal Cavity – Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Canal

• Ventral Cavity – Thoracic Cavity, Diaphragm and Abdominopelvic Cavity

• Oral Cavity

• Nasal Cavity

• Orbital Cavities

• Middle Ear Cavities

More Cavities

• Abdominopelvic Cavity – Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities

• Synovial Cavity – surrounds freely moveable joints

Pictures of Cavities – How many faces do you see?

http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/anatomy1textbook/abdominopelvicregions.gif

What organs belong to which cavity?

• Thoracic Cavity – Heart, lungs

• Abdominal Cavity – Stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys, most of small and large intestines

• Pelvic Cavity - Terminal portion of the large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

Ventral Cavity

Cranial Cavity

Diaphragm

Abdominal Cavity

Pelvic Cavity

Pericardial Cavity

Pleural Cavity

Mediastinum

Thoracic Cavity

Vertebral Canal

http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/images/BodyCavity_label.jpg

Dorsal Cavity

Cranial Cavity

Diaphragm

Pelvic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

Vertebral Canal

Thoracic Cavity

http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/images/BodyCavity2_label.jpg

Body Planes

• Sagittal• Transverse• Coronal - Frontal• Oblique

http://www.yachigusaryu.com/blog/pics/top_ten_principles/10/image003.jpg

Body Sections

• Axial – Head, Neck and Trunk

• Appendicular – Upper and Lower Limbs

Axialhttp://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/axial.gif

Appendicular http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/append.gif

Relative Positions• Anatomical Position – Standing erect, face and

plams are facing forward• Superior• Inferior• Anterior• Posterior• Medial• Lateral• Proximal• Distal• Superficial• Deep

Protective Membranes

• Serosa (serous membrane) – covers the walls of the ventral cavity and the outer sufraces of organs

• Parietal Serosa – lines the cavity walls – this folds on itself to form the Visceral Serosa, covering the organs in the cavity

• Serous fluid – separates serous membranes – not air