Open Access: the basics & how to do it without payingJohn Murtagh, Library & Archives Service

27 October 2016

What is Open Access anyway?

unrestricted online access to research outputs

Open Access Explained!

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY

In practice….

We pay for access – it’s NOT OA

Go outside the institution….

What isn’t Open Access?

Advantages of Open Access 1

• Higher downloads and citations according to The Open Access Citation Advantage Service provided by SPARC Europe.

• Increased visibility leads to greater public engagement and accessibility. The Wellcome Trust report that open access articles they have funded were downloaded 89% more when compared with access-controlled content.

Open Access citation advantage

Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date. Technical Report.  http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/

Advantages of Open Access 2

• OA results in accelerated science. A study of a sample of 1492 articles (212 OA, 1280 non-OA) published Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

• The findings confirmed the OA citation advantage, already demonstrated across millions of articles, thousands of journals, and over a dozen subject areas, but they showed that that advantage is already detectable as early as 4 months after publication.

• Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles Eysenbach G (2006) Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles. PLoS Biol 4(5): e157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157

Advantages of Open Access 3

• OA facilitates collaboration with the Human Genome Project often cited as an example of the ability of open access to transform publications and data “into a much more powerful resource for research, education and innovation”. This international, collaborative research project was enabled by the use of open data, with all the sequence data made openly available for other researchers to reuse.

Types of Open Access

• gratis open access, which is being able to access and use the text online free of charge.

• and libre open access, which is online access free of charge and with some additional usage rights – such as to modify and re-use the text, without a permission barrier.

Gratis OA - example

Libre Open Access

• Additional usage rights are often granted through the use of various specific Creative Commons licenses.

• Only libre open access is fully compliant with definitions of open access such as the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities.

Libre OA - example

Creative Commons licences

• Allows you to reuse copyright material

• Outlines reuse conditions• CC-BY (Attribution) is

most liberal• Can include the entire

paper (but cite it properly)• Full list of licences

available below• CC licences do not

replace copyright – sit alongside

Creative Commons licences

In short….

• In short, gratis OA alone allows no uses beyond fair use, and libre OA allows one or more uses beyond fair use.

• Suber, Peter (2008) Gratis and libre open access SPARC Open Access Newsletter, August 2, 2008

Routes to OA - Gold

mycenae - rich in gold by Xuan Chehttps://flic.kr/p/9G9eXh

Routes to OA - Gold

• There are multiple ways authors can provide open access to their work.

By paying a fee to publish something to be made immediately available is known as 'gold' open access

• Popular within the sciences - this often takes the form of publishing an article in either an…

• ‘Pure’ open access journal• or a ‘hybrid’ open access journal

Routes to OA - Hybrids

Hybrids• Lancet, Elsevier, Taylor and

Francis, OUP etc partially based on subscriptions, and only provide Gold open access for those individual articles for which their authors (or their author's institution or funder) pay a specific fee for publication, often referred to as an Article Processing Charge.

• ££££££££££££ - average £1700

Publishers

Routes to OA – Pure Open Access

Pure OA

Pure open access journals do not charge subscription fees, and may have one of a variety of business models. Many, however, do charge an article processing fee.

Publishers

Cost of APCs

Cost of APCs

What if you’re unfunded?

• Pure OA publishers such as PLoS and BMC charge.

• Discount with BMC & BMJ for LSHTM authors• Request fee waivers• BMC have Low to Middle Income country

authors waiver• http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/library/specialist_servic

es/open_access/index.html

Routes to OA - Green

• Best alternative is known as 'green' open access

• You can self archive a final draft of you paper in a repository or online

• Often called a “Post Print”• Not the final published

version• Same content – without

formatting• Over 90% journals allow it!

Green OA - benefits

Benefits

The benefits

The result?

What about funders?

Research Councils UK

• You can comply with the open access policies of RCUK by self-archiving a final author manuscript version of your paper in Europe PubMed Central (PMC), as long as it is freely available no longer than 24 months from the date of publication

• 6 months maximum for STEM subjects• 12 months maximum for research funded by

ESRC or AHRC

Charities Open Access Fund

They expect funded researchers to select publishing routes that ensure the work is available immediately on publication in its final published form, wherever such options exist for their publisher of choice and are compliant with their policy.

Green Open Access is not really an option if there is a long embargo.

What publishers are OA compliant?

Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

Search function

Lancet

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0140-6736/

Epidemiology

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

What about the REF?

• In 2015 the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) announced its Policy for open access in the post-2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF).

• A key requirement is that all papers submitted to the post-2014 REF must have been deposited in an open access repository upon acceptance for publicationLondon School of Hygiene and

Tropical Medicine

What about the REF?

• Essentially green open access route• Over 80% of journals allow Author

Accepted manuscript to be made OA• If you publish, if you want to be

submitted for REF (who doesn’t?) if you comply with REF, you will be publishing OA.

• Exceptions…..embargoes by publishers etc….gold OA route

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Publishers Allowing use of their PDFs in Repositories

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/PDFandIR.php?la=en

Embargos?

• Some publishers require delays, or an embargo, on when a research output in a repository may be made available.

• The purpose of this is to protect the revenue of the publisher (Open Access versus subscription)

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Embargos -

• Don’t worry too much!

• OA articles are 2.1 times more likely to be cited in the first 4-10 months after publication and 2.9 times as likely to be cited 10-16 months after publication

• “Request a copy” function in Research Online and other repositories.

Request a copy - • Researchers can provide a requested copy of the paper via

email – legally and within copyright – “Fair dealing”

Retain the right to share

Author Rights: Using the SPARC Author Addendum to secure your rights as the author of a journal articlehttp://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/authors/addendum

Retains your copyrightRetains your right to self-archive your work

Book chapters - OA

• Many publishers allow a section from a book to be archived online

• Final draft or published version allowed• Permission often given if requested• Viewed as a good marketing tool for book as a

whole.• OUP, Sage, Routledge all allow this

Book chapters - OA

http://bit.ly/1O0hzc

List of publishers likely to permit self-archiving of book chapters in institutional repositories

Book chapters - OA

http://bit.ly/1O0hzc

41 Open Access book chapters in LSHTM Research Online

Contact / Info@LSHTMOpenAccess

http://blogs.lshtm.ac.uk/library/tag/open-access/

https://www.facebook.com/lshtmopenaccess/

http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/library/specialist_services/open_access/index.html

References• Eysenbach G (2006) Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles. PLoS Biology, 4(5), May 2006.• http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157

• Suber, Peter (2008) Gratis and libre open access SPARC Open Access Newsletter, August 2, 2008

• List of publishers likely to permit self-archiving of book chapters in institutional repositories: Short link: http://bit.ly/1O0hzcb

• SHERPA RoMEO - http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

• Author Rights: Using the SPARC Author Addendum to secure your rights as the author of a journal article - http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/authors/addendum