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Page 1: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

A regulation basketball court is 28 by 15 meters:

- Center line, sides lines and back lines.

- Free throw line (4,6 m) and 3-point line (6,75 m).

- Free throw lane: “Key”

HISTORY

After a lot of thinking he invented a game, in which the players had to put the ball

inside a basket, (the original baskets were used to store peaches!!!!). In this game, the

players threw a soccer ball to each other. In the rules that Mr. Naismith invented, the

teams had 9 players, the contact between players wasn’t allowed and you couldn’t walk

without bouncing the ball. The game soon spread to other U.S. schools and universities.

It was in 1896 when the 5 on 5 matches started.

In the early twentieth century, basketball competitions and leagues were set up all

over North America. The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was founded in

Geneva in 1932. The National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed in 1949.

BASKETBALL

In 1981, James Naismith, a Physical Education teacher

of the YMCA school (today, Springfield College) in

Springfield, Massachusetts (USA) decided to invent a

game to be played inside the gyms during the cold

winter. The game couldn’t be as rough as American

Football but it had to be a physical activity with high

intensity to keep his students fit.

THE COURT (28m x 15m)

The COURT is a flat,

rectangular surface with

baskets at opposite

ends. The court is

divided into two main

sections by the mid-

court or centre line.

Page 2: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each end of the court. The top of the rim

is 3.05 m above he court and 1.2 m inside the backline.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAME

Basketball is a team sport.

Teams include twelve players, but only five can be on court at one time.

The team that makes more points wins. Points are scored by throwing the ball through the

basket / hoop of the opposing team.

When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If

a basket is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A

free throw is worth one point.

If the score is tied at the end of the last quarter, then overtime periods (5 minutes) are

played until one team wins.

The game is played in four periods, each of 10 minutes of real playing time. (NBA games are

played over four quarters of 12 minutes).

15 minutes are allowed for a half-time break, and 2 minutes are allowed at the other

breaks.

Teams exchange baskets for the second half (third quarter).

The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active.

Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time,

typically about two hours.

THE BALL

The size of the BASKETBALL depends on the category and gender.

For men, the official ball is size 7, and for women the official

basketball is size 6.

Page 3: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

Players can be substituted as often as the coach likes. Substitutions are unlimited but can

only be done when play is stopped.

Each coach has a limited number of time-outs they can call during a game, and the game

clock is stopped whenever play stops. 1 time-out is allowed in each quarter and 2 in the

fourth (clock stoppages requested by a coach for a short meeting with the players).

The game begins in the center of the court with a “jump-ball” between two players (one

from each team).

The team with the ball is called the offense and the team without the ball is called the

defense. Each team is assigned a basket to defend. This means that the other basket is

their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch baskets.

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling.

The referees (officials) control the game.

VIOLATIONS AND FOULS

The ball can be moved by throwing it to another player (passing) or by bouncing it with one

hand while running or walking (dribbling).

Double Dribble - When a player stops dribbling, holds the basketball, and then starts

dribbling again (it is necessary to pass or shoot the ball). Also when a player dribbles the

ball with two hands at the same time.

PLAYER POSITIONS

1. Point guard or “playmaker”

2. Shooting guard

3. Small forward or forward

4. Power forward

5. Center or pivot

Page 4: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

Traveling - If a player moves both feet without bouncing the ball. Also when you move

your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling. Jumping and landing without doing anything

with the ball (you should shot or pass the ball) is traveling too.

Over-and-Back - When a player crosses over the midcourt line into the frontcourt and

then crosses back into the backcourt.

Held ball - Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at

the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the

action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.

Carrying/palming - When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side off

or, sometimes, even under the ball.

Kick-ball - it is an infraction to intentionally touch the ball with your feet.

A personal foul is committed when a player challenges another player unfairly, such as

pushing, slapping, holding, blocking their run or hitting their arms. A player or coach who

argues with a referee commits a technical foul.

* Fouls can be punished with a free inbound pass, free throws at goal, or with

sending off. A player who commits five fouls (six in the NBA), cannot longer take

part in the game and it is said to have been 'fouled out'.

*All of these fouls are penalized with your team losing possession of the ball, and

giving it to the other team, from the closest side line.

Page 5: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

Physical Education Department

TIMES

A team, once having established ball control in the front half of the court, may not

return the ball to the backcourt and have to pass the ball to the front half in no more

than 8 seconds.

There are 24 seconds for a team to attempt a shot.

A player can´t hold the ball more than 5 seconds.

The offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds.

Possession go back to 14 seconds after offensive rebound

BASKETBALL BASIC SKILLS

DRIBBLING

Finger tips gives you more control over the basketball. Dribbling on the side minimizes

the possibility of getting your ball stolen. When situation allows, you can even use your

back to shield the ball from your opponent. Bouncing the ball hard off the ground and

lowering your body together allows you to reduce the time the ball is out of your

control. Looking up while dribbling gives you the vision of the court and your defender

while you dribble.

1. Use your finger tips to dribble, never the palm.

2. Dribble on the side of your body, never bounce the ball in

front repeatedly.

3. Get used to bouncing the ball hard off the ground.

4. Lower your body slightly so that the ball is bouncing rapidly

at waist level.

5. Look up when you are dribbling, not on the ground or on the

ball.

6. When switching the ball from one hand to another, bounce

the ball across hard and quick.

7. When changing direction, shift the momentum of your body

towards that direction.

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Physical Education Department

PASSING

Change of direction

- Crossover dribble

You switch dribbling from

one hand to the other, by

bouncing the ball in front

of you across to the other

side.

- Spin or Reverse Dribble

- Behind the Back

Dribble

- Through the Legs

Dribble

Speed or High Dribble

Use this when you need to

advance the ball quickly.

Push the ball forward,

ahead of you several feet.

Bounce the ball at waist

high. Keep your head up,

and visualize the whole

court, so you can find the

open teammate. Move as

fast as you can, but never

faster than you can

control the ball.

Control or Low Dribble

Use this when a defender

is guarding you closely.

Keep your body between

the ball and the defender.

Keep the ball low to the

floor and close to your

body. Keep your free hand

up to protect the ball.

Keep your head up and

eyes off the ball, so you'll

be able to see open

teammates or openings for

you.

Successful passing involves two parts, making the pass

and receiving the pass.

- The receiver should have "soft" (relaxed) hands, catch

the ball with both hands and look the ball into his/her

hands.

- The receiver should, in most cases, be moving toward

the pass... "meet the pass". -- Most of the time, the

receiver should not be stationary.

- The receiver must learn to get open.

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Physical Education Department

PIVOTING

SHOOTING

There are several skills that enable you to score in a basketball game. You can score by

performing the basic basketball shots: doing a lay-up, free shot, bank shot, hook

shot, jump shot or slam dunk.

Overhead pass

Baseball pass

Holding the ball

-Between your chest and

your waist.

-Keep the fingers wide

apart.

-Touch the ball with your

finger tips.

-The elbows are close to

the body.

-The thumb and the

index finger must for a

“T”.

Chest pass

Bounce pass

Pivoting, or turning, requires you to keep one foot, your "pivot foot", stationary, while you

turn, or spin, your body around on the ball of your pivot foot.

Page 8: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

Physical Education Department

1. Half-bent your knees before shooting a

basketball for more potential power.

2. Your dominant hand should have its fingers

spread out.

3. Only the fingertips should be gripping onto

the ball.

4. Your other hand should support the ball on the

side.

5. The ball should be brought above the head in

one motion.

6. At this point, the angles at your armpit,

elbow, and wrist is at 90 degrees

7. While extending your knees, extend your

forearm and snap your wrist to direct the

basketball and add backspin to it.

8. Make sure you follow through with your wrist

movement.

9. You can also make a jump shot.

SHOT TECHNIQUE

LAYUP

A layup is a two- point shot attempt made by leaping from below, laying the ball up near

the basket, and using one hand to bounce it off the backboard and into the basket.

1. Start by dribbling the basketball towards the right side of the basketball hoop with your

right hand.

2. As you approach the basket, you may carry the ball and take 2 big strides starting

with your right leg.

3. Leap towards the basketball hoop with your left foot and bring your right knee up.

4. Release the ball lightly on the back board with your right hand. (overarm or underarm)

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Physical Education Department

DEFENSE

Defensive strategies

There are two main types of defensive basketball strategies:

However, there are a wide variety of zone defenses and combinations of zone and man-

to-man that basketball teams play. Teams will often switch defenses around during a

basketball game to see which works best against a particular opponent.

Zone: players have certain positions or areas of the court

they cover. The guards usually play at the top of the key

with the forwards playing closer to the basket and on

opposite sides. The center usually plays in the middle of the

key.

Man-to-man: each player is responsible to cover one player

on the other team. They follow this player wherever they go

on the court.

Individual defense

In order to stop the ball and avoid dribble penetration, you must begin with a

good defensive stance.

You must be ready to move in any direction quickly. Stand with your feet apart

and your knees bent. Keep your weight balanced on the front part of your feet.

At the same time you need to learn to watch the ball at the same time. You will

want to be ready to still a pass or block a shot.

When your player has the ball always stay between them and the basket.

Hands should be widely spread on the side to increase horizontal coverage

Place your hands forward so that you can reach to intercept or strip the ball on

sight.

Page 10: BASKETBALL -   · PDF fileThe offense can´t remain in the “Key” for no more than 3 seconds. ... Spin or Reverse Dribble - Behind the Back Dribble - Through the Legs

Physical Education Department

VOCABULARY

Basket: Canasta

Hoop: Aro

Court: Pista

Ball: Balón

Referee: Árbitro

Bounce, dribble: Bote

Dribbling: Bote en carrera

Low dribble, control dribble: Bote de protección

Shot: tiro

Shooting: Acción de tiro

Free throw shot: Tiro libre

Pass: Pase

Change of direction: Cambio de dirección

Rebound: Rebote

Rules: Reglamento

Center (Centre): Pivot (5).

Forwards: Aleros.

Guards: Base y escolta.

Perimeter player: Jugador de perímetro.

Point Guard: Base.

Post Player: Poste.

Power Forward: Alero alto.

Shooting Guard: Escolta.

Small Forward: Alero bajo

Pivot: Pívot.

Playmaker: Base.

Shooter: Tirador.

Sixth Man: Sexto jugador.

Substitute: Sustituto.

Backboard: Tablero.

Backcourt: Pista defensiva.

Frontcourt: Pista de ataque.

Baseline: Línea de fondo.

Basket: Canasta.

Center circle: Círculo central.

Court: Pista.

Floor: Cancha.

Foul lane: Zona.

Foul line: Línea de tiro libre.

Free Throw Line: Línea de tiro libre.