bata work who developed aquaculture?who developed aquaculture?
TRANSCRIPT
BATA WorkBATA Work
• Who developed Aquaculture?Who developed Aquaculture?
Introduction to Introduction to AquacultureAquaculture
Lesson #1Lesson #1
BATA BATA
Unit: AquacultureUnit: Aquaculture
ObjectivesObjectives
• Define AquacultureDefine Aquaculture
• Identify how Aquaculture is important to our Identify how Aquaculture is important to our societysociety
• Identify the components of AquacultureIdentify the components of Aquaculture
DefinitionDefinition “ “Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic
organisms, including fish, molluscs, organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.” ownership of the stock being cultivated.”
SOURCE: FAO FISHERIES CIRCULAR NO. 815 REVISION 8, 1996
In Other WordsIn Other Words
• The controlled raising of aquatic plants and animals in a confined environment.
How Long Has Aquaculture How Long Has Aquaculture Been Around?Been Around?
• First Developed in AsiaFirst Developed in Asia– 3500 BC Chinese raised carp in ponds3500 BC Chinese raised carp in ponds– Developed breeding techniques for Developed breeding techniques for
increased productionincreased production
1. Why has the demand 1. Why has the demand for fish in the US for fish in the US
increased?increased?
Per Capita ConsumptionPer Capita Consumption
11.811.5
12.512.8
12.112.2
12.912.7
13.4
13.0
12.512.7
12.5
13.4
14.2
15.1
15.5
16.2
15.2
15.6
15.014.914.815.0
15.215.0
14.814.6
14.9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
POUNDS
14.9 lbs./capita14.9 lbs./capita19981998
Nutritional ComparisonsNutritional Comparisons
2. Why is Aquaculture considered the fastest growing
industry in the agriculture sector?
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
MIL
LIO
N M
ET
RIC
TO
NS
SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9600, JULY 1997
World ProductionWorld Production
Why Aquaculture Looks Why Aquaculture Looks Good to FarmersGood to Farmers
• Increased Seafood ConsumptionIncreased Seafood Consumption– 14.9 lbs per person in 199814.9 lbs per person in 1998
• Good quality of protein low in fatGood quality of protein low in fat
• Better Production to Cost RatioBetter Production to Cost Ratio– 1 1/2 lbs of feed to 1 lb of fish1 1/2 lbs of feed to 1 lb of fish
Agriculture vs. AquacultureAgriculture vs. Aquaculture
• Variable body Variable body temperaturetemperature
• Better converters Better converters of foodstuffsof foodstuffs
• Requires less energy Requires less energy for body supportfor body support
1 lb feed = 1 lb fishCompared to
12
1995 Farm Bill Proposal1995 Farm Bill Proposal
““Aquaculture is poised to become Aquaculture is poised to become a major growth industry.”a major growth industry.”
U.S. AquacultureU.S. Aquaculture19981998
• Food Fish Production increased Food Fish Production increased – 308 million pounds in 1992 308 million pounds in 1992 – 768 million pounds in 1998768 million pounds in 1998
U.S. AquacultureU.S. Aquaculture19981998
• Total Value:Total Value: $5.6 Billion $5.6 Billion
• 181,000 Full-time Jobs181,000 Full-time Jobs
• Fastest Growing Sector Of U.S. Fastest Growing Sector Of U.S. AgricultureAgriculture
Aquaculture SalesAquaculture Sales
Value by CategoryValue by Category
Top StatesTop States
Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS
Production StatesProduction StatesNORTH CENTRALNORTH CENTRAL NORTHEASTERNNORTHEASTERN
SOUTHERNSOUTHERN
WESTERNWESTERN
TROPICAL & SUBTROPICALTROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL
PerchStriped BassTilapia
CatfishStriped BassTilapia
TroutTroutSalmonSalmonShellfishShellfishStriped BassStriped BassTilapiaTilapia
Ornamentals, Food and Shellfish
SalmonShellfishStriped Bass
Aquaculture RequiresAquaculture Requires
• LandLand
• WaterWater
• MoneyMoney
• TrainingTraining
Species SelectionSpecies Selection
• Producer’s expertiseProducer’s expertise
• MarketabilityMarketability
• ClimateClimate
• Production economicsProduction economics
• Species biologySpecies biology
• Production methodsProduction methods ??
What have you learned?What have you learned?
3. Marketability – What exactly does 3. Marketability – What exactly does this word mean for the Agricultural this word mean for the Agricultural business model? business model?
4. Production economics. In our ever 4. Production economics. In our ever changing business plans over changing business plans over production and/or over production production and/or over production could be a problem in business. could be a problem in business. Explain why. Explain why.
Types of AquacultureTypes of Aquaculture
• Food FishFood Fish
• BaitfishBaitfish
• Sport FishSport Fish
• Fee Fishing Fee Fishing
Water TemperatureWater Temperature
• Warmwater RangeWarmwater Range– 7575ºº – 90 – 90º º FF
• Example: TilapiaExample: Tilapia
Water TemperatureWater Temperature
• Coolwater Range Coolwater Range – 6060oo – 80 – 80oo F F
• Example: Example: BassBass
Water TemperatureWater Temperature
• Coldwater RangeColdwater Range– 4848oo – 65 – 65oo F F
• Example: Example: Trout or catfishTrout or catfish
Food FishFood Fish
Food Fish SpeciesFood Fish Species
• CatfishCatfish• TilapiaTilapia• Rainbow troutRainbow trout• Atlantic SalmonAtlantic Salmon• ShrimpShrimp• ShellfishShellfish• Striped BassStriped Bass• OthersOthers
BaitfishBaitfish
Baitfish SpeciesBaitfish Species
• Fathead minnowsFathead minnows
• Golden shinersGolden shiners
• GoldfishGoldfish
• CrawfishCrawfish
• White suckersWhite suckers
Pond and Lake Pond and Lake StockingsStockings
Pond Stocking SpeciesPond Stocking Species
• Channel catfishChannel catfish
• Largemouth bassLargemouth bass
• BluegillBluegill
• Redear sunfishRedear sunfish
• Yellow perchYellow perch
• TroutTrout
Fee FishingFee Fishing
Fee FishingFee Fishing
• Long-term leasesLong-term leases
• Day leases or “ticket lakes”Day leases or “ticket lakes”
• ““Fish-out” or by the pound pondsFish-out” or by the pound ponds
5. What are the types of 5. What are the types of Production Methods used in Production Methods used in
Aquaculture?Aquaculture?
Production MethodsProduction Methods
• PondsPonds
• CagesCagesand pensand pens
• RacewaysRaceways
• ClosedClosedre-use systemsre-use systems
Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS
PondsPonds
• SpawningSpawning– BroodstockBroodstock– Hatching of eggsHatching of eggs
• FingerlingFingerling
• Grow-out to Grow-out to market sizemarket size
SpawningSpawning
0.1 acre0.1 acre
FingerlingFingerling
1 acre1 acre
Food sizeFood size
20 acre20 acre
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity
• Maximum weight that an area can Maximum weight that an area can support expressed either as lbs/acre support expressed either as lbs/acre or lbs/gal/minor lbs/gal/min
Feed andFeed andaerationaeration
2,000 - 80002,000 - 8000lbs/acrelbs/acre
FeedFeed2,00002,0000
lbs/acrelbs/acre300 lbs/acre300 lbs/acre
Cages and PensCages and Pens
4 feet4 feet
4 feet4 feet
4 feet4 feet
Cage CultureCage Culture
• Allows deep farm Allows deep farm ponds or lakes to ponds or lakes to be used for productionbe used for production
• Low investmentLow investment
• Decrease in productionDecrease in production
raterate
RacewaysRaceways
RacewaysRaceways
• YieldYield– 15-20,000 lbs for every 15-20,000 lbs for every
500 gallon/min flow.500 gallon/min flow.
Earthen RacewayEarthen Raceway
Concrete RacewayConcrete Raceway
Water Re-use SystemsWater Re-use Systems
HH22OOFishFish
SolidsSolidsfilterfilter
Bio.Bio.filterfilter
PumpPump
Re-circulating Aquaculture Re-circulating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) LayoutSystems (RAS) Layout
RASRAS
TankTankAeration
Biological FiltersBiological Filters
Solids FilterSolids Filter
6. How can fish be 6. How can fish be marketed?marketed?
Market TechniquesMarket Techniques
• Direct MarketingDirect Marketing
• WholesaleWholesale– Whole fishWhole fish– Headed and guttedHeaded and gutted– FilletsFillets– SteaksSteaks
• Value addedValue added
ConclusionConclusion
• Aquaculture is a fast growing Aquaculture is a fast growing industry with many possibilities for industry with many possibilities for production and marketing.production and marketing.