bates thorax lungs with terms

8/19/2019 Bates Thorax Lungs With Terms

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1. Sternal angle junction of manubrium, body of

sternum, 2nd rib

2. trachea bifurcates sternal angle - anteriorly;

T4 spinous process - posteriorly

3. 2nd intercostal

space forprocedure

Needle insertion for tension

pneumothorax

4. 4th intercostal

space for

procedure

Chest tube insertion

5. T7-T8 (procedure) Thoracentesis

6. Apex of lung,

location

~2-4 cm above inner third of clavicle

7. Lower border of

lung, position

6th rib at M C L to the 8th rib at

midaxillary line, T10 posteriorly

8. bifurcation of

trachea, location

sternal angle (anterior), T4 (posterior)

9. causes of

myocardial chest

pain

angina pectoris, MI

10. causes of

pericardial chest

pain

pericarditis

11. causes of aortic

chest pain

dissecting aortic aneurysm

12. causes of

tracheal/bronchial

chest pain

bronchitis

13. causes of pleuritic

chest pain

pericarditis, pneumonia

14. causes of

musculoskeletal

chest pain

costochondritis, herpes zoster

15. causes of

esophageal chest

pain

reflux esophagitis, esophageal spasm

16. causes of neck or

abdominal chestpain

cervical arthritis, biliary colic, gastritis

17. most common

cause of pediatric

chest pain

anxiety

18. wheezes - on

expiration

normally

suggests partial airway obstruction

from secretions, tissue inflammation, or

foreign body

19. causes of general

cough

Left sided heart failure

20. anaerobic lung

abscess

sputum

produces large amounts of purulent, foul-

smelling sputum, also present in

bronchiectasis

21. regular

respiration

rate

14-20 respirations per min

22. nail clubbing lung abscesses, malignancy, congenital

heart disease, bronchiectasis, pulmonary

fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.

23. stridor on

INSPIRATION

especially

high-pitched wheeze signaling upper

airway obstruction in larynx or trachea

24. signs of

dyspnea

Accessory muscle use and retractions,

inspiratory contraction of sternocleido

mastoid & scalenes at rest

25. causes of

tracheal

deviation

pneumothorax, pleural effusion, atelectasis

26. pectus

excavatum

depression of lower portion of sternum

27. barrel chest increased AP diameter; if 1:1 thoracic ratio =

COPD

28. pectus

carinatum aka

pigeon chest

anteriorly displaced sternum

29. flail chest paradoxical movements of thorax; 3 ribs

fractured at 2 places each

30. normal lung

sounds

mostly v esicular breath sounds

31. bronchophony patient spoken words louder, clearer with

consolidation

32. egophony spoken "ee" heard as "ay" with

consolidation

33. whispered

pectoriloquy

whispered words heard - normally not

34. causes of late

inspiratory

crackles

interstitial lung disease (fibrosis),

pneumonia

35. causes of early

inspiratory

crackles

chronic bronchitis, asthma

36. causes of

wheezes

narrow bronchi. asthma, C O P D, chronic

bronchitis, CHF

37. causes of silent

chest

severe obstructive pulmonary disease

38. cause of

localized

wheezing

partial bronchial obstruction; tumor, foreign

body

Bates Ch 8 - Thorax & Lungs with Unit 6 termsStudy online at quizlet.com/_23x7ti



39. stridor inspiratory wheeze often louder in neck

suggests partial obstruction of larynx or

trachea

40. pleural rub creaking sounds due to inflamed &

roughened pleural surfaces

41. mediastinal

crunch

hamman sign; precordial crackles synced

with heart beat,sign of mediastinal

emphysema

42. normal

physical

findings

percussion resonant - n ot dull or hyper

trachea midline

breath sounds vesicular - over lun g fields

tactile fremitus normal

43. findings of

chronic

bronchitis

percussion resonant normal

possible crackles in early inspiration; or

wheezes, ronchi

productive cough

44. signs of early

left-sided

heart failure

early or late inspiratory crackles; possibly

wheezes

45. etiology of

left-sided

heart failure

increased pulmonary vein pressure leads to

congestion & interstitial edema

46. signs of

consolidation

percussion dull over affected area

bronchial breath sounds - over periphy

shouldn't be

late inspiratory crackles over affected area

tactile fremitus increased with

bronchophony, egophony, & whispered

pectoriloquy

47. etiology of consolidation

alveoli fill with fluid or blood cells. due topneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary

hemorrhage

48. signs of

atelectasis

percussion du ll over area

trachea may deviate to affected side

usually absent breath sounds & tactile

fremitus except Right upper lobe

49. etiology of

atelectasis

lobar obstruction. plug in mainstem

bronchus obstructs air flow, collapsing lung

tissue

50. signs of

pleuraleffusion

percussion dull to flat

if large; trachea deviates away frombreath sound s decreased to absent

possible pleural rub

tactile fremitus decreased to absent - except

top or large effusion

51. etiology of

pleural

effusion

fluid accumulates in p leural space,

separating air-filled lung from chest wall,

blocking transmission of sound

52. signs of

pneumothorax

percussion hy perresonant or tympanic

if large - trachea deviates away from

involved side

breath sound s decreased to absent

possible pleural rub

tactile fremitus decreased to absent

53. etiology of

pneumothorax

air leaks into pleural space, usually

unilaterally, causing lung to recoil away

from chest wall. pleural air blocks

transmission of sound.

54. signs of COPD percussion diffusely hyperresonant

breath sound s decreased to absent

possible crackles, wheezes, and ronchi

with bronchitis

tactile fremitus decreased

55. etiology of

COPD/emphysema

slowly progressive disorder in which the

distal air spaces enlarge and lungs

become hyperinflated

56. signs of asthma percussion resonant to diffusely

hyperresonant

breath sounds often obscured by

wheezes

wheezes, possibly crackles

tactile fremitus

57. vesicular breath

sounds

soft, low pitched 3:1 I to E, gentle rustling

- heard normally over most of

peripheral lung fields

58. bronchovesicular

breath sounds

equally long inspiratory & expiratory

sounds, moderate intensity & pitch,

between 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

& between scapula 0- p athologicalelsewhere

59. bronchial breath

sounds

louder, higher p itched lung sounds 1:3 I

to E - expiratory longer, heard over

manubrium if at all, pathological

elsewhere

60. crackles discontinuous; intermittent, nonmusical,

inspiration or expiration

61. causes of crackles pneumonia, fibrosis, early CHF,

bronchitis, bronchiectasis

62. causes of wheezes narrowed airways asthma, COPD,

bronchitis

63. causes of ronchi secretions in large airways

64. ronchi continuous, low-pitched, prolonged

musical breath sound with snoring

quality

65. wheezes continuous, high-pitched, prolonged

musical breath sounds with hissing or

shrill quality

66. diaphragm

position in COPD

displaced downward



67. fractured rib pain upon squeezing chest with hands on

sternum & thoracic spine

68. fremitus is

decreased or

absent

when...

the voice is higher pitched of soft, vibrations

are impeded by thick chest wall, obstructed

bronchus, COPD, pleural changes from

effusion, fibrosis, air or an infiltrating tumor.

69. asymmetric

decreasedfremitus

unilateral pleural effusion, pneumothorax,

neoplasm due to decreased transmission of low frequency sounds.

70. asymmetric

increased

fremitus

in unilateral pneumonia from increased

transmission through consolidated tissue.

71. Hyper-

resonnace

general heard over hyper inflated lungs of

COPD or asthma. unilateral suggests a large

pneumothorax or possibly large air-filled bulla

in the lungs.

72. Liver

location

abnormally high- suggest pleural effusion or

high diaphragm caused by atelectasis or

phrenic nerve paralysis73. Abnormal

sounds hear

with

auscultation

gowns can cause noise- ask patient to disrobe

hair can cause crackling sounds- press hard or

wet hair

if the patient is cold or tense- muscle

contraction sounds- muffled low pitched

rumbling o roaring noises can be heard

74. tracheal

breath

sounds

very loud, harsh sounds that are heard by

listening over the trachea in the neck

75. pump

handlemotion ribs -

increase AP

diam

1-3

76. bucket

handle

motion ribs -

increase

lateral diam

4-10

77. caliper

motion ribs

11-12

78.

inhalationrestriction

aka

exhalation dysfunction

79. inhalation

restriction

when

area fails to expand ; uppermost rib stuck

down - had dysfunction during exhalation &

stuck there

80. exhalation

restriction

aka

inhalation dysfunction

81. exhalation

restriction when

area fails to compress; lowermost rib

stuck up - had dysfunction during

inhalation & stuck there

82. inhalation

restriction - sign

wider Intercostal space ABOVE bad rib

83. exhalation

restriction - sign

wider intercostal space BELOW bad rib

84. breath sounds

from first AID

85. red margin notes ...

86. cough can be a

symptom of

left sided heart failure

87. sinus tracts -

blind

inflammatory

tubelikestructures

opening onto the

skin

rare - indicate infection of pleura & lung,

T B and actinomycosis

88. causes of

unilateral chest

movement

deficiency or

"splinting"

fibrosis, pleural effusion, lobar

pneumonia, or bronchial obstruction

89. causes of

asymmetric

fremitus

decreases

unilateral; pleural effusion,

pneumothorax, neoplasm

90. when percussing -

only 1 finger

touching!!

aim middle finger (plexor) at distal

interphalangeal joint of p leximeter finger

91. when percussing -

if needs to be

louder

more pressure with base finger (not

tapping finger)

92. flat percussion

note - like in

thigh

large pleural effusion

93. dull percussionnote - like in liver

lobar pneumonia

94. resonance

percussion note

in - like in healthy

lung

simple chronic bronchitis

95. hyperresonant

percussion note

in

COPD, pneumothorax

bates thorax lungs with terms

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