Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862

Significance?-Lee invasion of North repelled

-Bloodiest day in US history-Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation

-Change from McClellan to Burnside

The origin of the term “sideburns”

Battle of Fredericksburg:

December 15, 1862

Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862

The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200,000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.

Known as the Union’s biggest “folly”

War Room!

• Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond).

• Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point

Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862

Significance?

-Union embarrassed…again!

-Prompts more leadership changes with Union

(Burnside to Joe Hooker)

Battle of Chancellorsville:

May 6, 1863

Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

Significance?

-Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size)

-Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire

Battle of Gettysburg:July 1-3, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

Significance?

- Lee’s second invasion was thwarted

-20k more Union casualties, but turning point in war for South

Siege of Vicksburg:July 4, 1863

Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

Significance?

-Union now controls Mississippi River

-Grant made commander of Army of Potomac

Sherman’s March to the Sea:

Nov – Dec, 1864

The Civil War

In July 1863, General Grant took Vicksburg & gained control of the Mississippi River

Lee led an attack into the North, but lost at Gettysburg; North’s 1st

real victory in the east

Due to Grant’s success in the west, Lincoln made Grant supreme commander of Union army in 1864; Grant devised a strategy to invade the South on all fronts

Grant began a siege on Richmond and…

William Sherman began his “march to the sea” (Atlanta to Savannah) & destroyed everything of military value

“Sherman’s Neckties”

Significance?

-Demoralizes the South

- Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.)

Andersonville Prison:Dec, 1864

1. Bell Isle—Richmond, Virginia2. Cahaba Prison—Cahaba, Alabama3. Camp Chase—Columbus, Ohio4. Camp Douglas—Chicago, Illinois5. Camp Florence—Florence, South Carolina6. Camp Lawton—Millen, Georgia7. Camp Morton—Indianapolis, Indiana8. Camp Sumter—Andersonville, Georgia

9. Castle Pickney—Charleston, S.C.10. Elmira Prison—Elmira, New York11. Johnson's Island—Sandusky, Ohio12. Libby Prison—Richmond, Virginia13. Old Capitol Prison—Washington, D.C.14. Point Lookout—Point Lookout, MD15. Rock Island—Rock Island, Illinois16. Salisbury—Salisbury, North Carolina

MAP 1: Civil War Prison Camps

Prisoners were exchanged on the following basis: 

1 general = 46 privates1 major general = 40 privates1 brigadier general = 20 privates1 colonel = 15 privates1 lieutenant colonel = 10 privates1 major = 8 privates1 captain = 6 privates1 lieutenant = 4 privates1 noncommissioned officer = 2 privates

(Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)

(Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)

FUN FACT !!!

Roughly 5% of those fighting on Civil War

battlefields would die on the battlefield. Roughly

14% of those entering Civil War prison camps would

die while in prison camps.

Which would you prefer?

CONCLUSION:• Andersonville Prison was shut down when the war ended in 1865. • Some former prisoners remained in federal service, but most returned to their prewar civilian occupations. • Andersonville Prison continues to symbolize the prisoner of war experience: physical and mental suffering and the need to cope with almost intolerable conditions.

Significance?

-CSA prison camp where 45,000 Union POWs were held

-Represents the physical/mental suffering of war

Battle of Appomattox Courthouse:April 9, 1865

On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse,

ending the fighting of Civil War

Significance?

-Lee surrenders to Grant, ending the war- Lincoln will be assassinated just 6 days later

Military Leadership During the Civil War

Both graduates of West Point Academy

Both fearless, decisive on battlefield

Grant 7th commanding Union general

Lee commanding general throughout

Slob in nature, messy Refined, always professional

Both fought Mexican-American War

“Unconditional Surrender”

Brilliant Strategist in battle

An unknown at war’s start

Asked to lead UNION army, helped VA

Video