Battles and Effects of VictoryRevolution – Articles of Confederation

What Doesn’t Belong

• Boston Tea Party• Boston Massacre• Boycotts

• Galloway Plan• Albany Plan• Virginia Resolves

• New taxes on imports of paper

• No town meetings• Quartering Act

HIPP• “My only regret is that I have but only one life to give”

- Nathaniel Hale

Use as evidence for this thesis. Question: To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their identity and

unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution?

Thesis: Although many colonist were still loyal to the crown, a new since of American identity and unity engulfed the founding fathers, shown by the committee of correspondence, shared anger in lack of representation in government, and enlightenment ideologies which spurred the Revolution

American Revolution Review

• Colonial Rights were threatened• Who’s rights specifically?

• Repeal what acts?• intolerable acts• How?• Organized boycotts & expand military reserves

• 1st Continental Congress • Positives?• No response from England – set a president

What were advantages for each side?Advantages for England Advantages for Colonist

• Most powerful army/navy

• Plenty of money

• Plenty supply of recruits

• Leadership

• Unity

• Lived close by

• Leadership

• Understanding of the terrain

Shift to IndependenceVictories

Battles of Ticonderoga (May 1775)

Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775)

100 American deaths – 200 Redcoat Deaths

300 American Wounded – 800 Redcoats Wounded

Americans can hold their own

British realize war wouldn’t be that easy

King hires Hessians (Germans)

30,000, 25% of all troops

Outrages the colonist

Hired guns, not fighting for a cause

Virginia governor frees some slaves

Southern Elite join the rebellion

Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776

Preamble and 27 Grievances

Breakup letter with England

Asking for French Aid

Unalienable rights: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Right to rebel/overthrow government

Rights of all people, not just Englishmen

America becomes symbol of freedom to the world

Civil War in the colonies

Loyalist vs. Patriots

England had to support the loyalist to save Economic interest

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,

insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do

ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States

of America.

Divisions within the countryLoyalist Patriots Neutral

Older, Wealthy, educatedMiddle or Southern

Colonies Benefitted – social,

economic, and political standing

Young New Englanders and

Virginians Volunteered

Various regions (West) Uninterested or

unaffected by the war

Times of Crisis to VictoryBritain wins most early battles

Takes most major cities – Ney York, Philadelphia, Charleston

Battle of Trenton/Princeton (1776)

Surprise attack day after Christmas

“Crossing of the Delaware”

Germans were hung over, easy victories

Saves Army

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Turning point of the war

France gets involved

Valley Forge – Low Point (1777-78)

Demonstrates American’s resolve

Franco-American Alliance War becomes World War

England vs. Everyone ElseNative Americans did side with England1780 – Benedict Arnold = turncoat

Battle of Yorktown 1781Britain makes one last push in the SouthCornwallis gets surrounded and surrenders

Parliament realizes the war is lostit’s too expensiveFrom Tory Govt. to Whigs

Treaty of Paris 1783England recognizes US independenceAmerica can fish off lands by CanadaDraws out new lands/bordersAmerica must respect loyalists

Peace at Paris and effectsFrance wants to keep America weak

Britain sees an opportunity

Gives generous terms

All land to the Mississippi

Native Americans During the War

Stay neutral, attack, defend territory, make alliances

Ohio River ValleyBritish sold guns and alcohol to Miami Confederacy

Anti American Colonist

Chief Little Turtle

Defends Territory – 630 American soldiers died

Worst Defeat in the history of the frontier

Battle of Fallen Timbers

3000 soldiers defeat confederacy

Treaty of Greenville

Ceded Indiana, and Ohio for 20,000 and 9,000 a year after that

Change in Society

Rise of Anti-Slavery societies

Quakers 1st

Abolished in most northern states by 1800

Gabriel’s Rebellion

Stricter rules for slaves

Racial hierarchy in the South

Separation from Church and State in Virginia

Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

Adam Smith

Wealth of Nations

Invisible hand of the free market is better than govt.

Women and the American RevolutionLittle advancement

Nurses, took care of the home, made uniforms

Abigail Adams – “Remember the ladies”

Idea of Republican MotherhoodWomen raise children to be good citizens of the Republic

Increased educational opportunities

End of aristocracy

Released entrepreneurial energies

Economic Growth

Articles of the Confederation 1777

America’s 1st Constitution

States would remain sovereign

Weak Judicial and Executive Branches, Citizen’s Rights

Property qualifications for voting and citizens

Free citizens could pass though boarders

No standing army, but yes militia

WeaknessesLegislative branch had overwhelming power

No ability to impose will on a state

Only central govt. could; declare war, make treaties, borrow money

Each state received 1 voteNeeded 2/3 (9) of the vote in order to do anything (supermajority)

Could ignore the national government

Massive debt combined with inequality to collect taxes

State disagreements

Boundary disputes

Tariffs on trade

Printing money

Newburgh Conspiracy (1783)–soldiers considered forcing a stronger central government

Couldn’t Get paid for services

Washington ended conspiracy oppose anyone "who wickedly attempts to open the floodgates of civil discord and deluge our rising empire in blood"

Sell Land to Pay Off Debt

Land Ordinance of 1785Township act

Sold land in an organized way

Promoted public education

Northwest Ordinance of 1787Allowed for creation of new states

Abolished Slavery in new northern states

Shays’ Rebellion (1786/87)

Daniel Shays leads farmers in rebellionFarmers in Western Massachusetts were loosing farms

Wanted cheap paper money

Lower taxes

Payment for services

Marches on cities, closes courthousesRegulators (can’t get arrested for debt)

New England Merchant class pays for militia

Ends Rebellion

Effects of Shays Rebellion

Government becomes concerned with prospect of mobocracyMadison and Hamilton vs. Jefferson

Nationalist/Federalist

Opinion begins to shift towards a stronger central governmentAnnapolis Convention

Only 5 states show up

Decide to overhaul Articles of

Confederation