baudot - the lectionary: its sources and history

8/2/2019 Baudot - The Lectionary: its sources and history

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]FB GBN]KA@IT[K]^ ^ARTNB^ I@M FK^]AT[


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F/cdkg dstitC. ]F. DBTLF' A.^.D.

Nb`sar mbputitus.Keprkeitur

/ ZB]TR^ BZR^ ^AR]F\ITN.^AR]F\ITNK

_+8S 6i Ouek 9;9:.

AN] 44


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ORGB^ DIRMA]DB@BMKN]K@B AC CIT@DATARLF

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AC ]FB ATI]AT[

GA@MA@NI]FAGKN ]TR]F ÂNKB][36 ÂR]F\ITH DTKMLB TAIM' ^.B.

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]TI@^GI]AT ^ ZTBCINB]FK^ daah' gkhb tfb iutfar s prbvkaus a`b' Gb DrbvkikrbTaeik`' i tri`sgitka` ac wfknf wis pudgksfbm dy tfbNitfagkn ]rutf ânkbty k` 9;:;' ks a`b ac i sbrkbs 9wfknf fis dbb` ippbirk`l k` Crb`nf u`mbr tfbmkrbntka` ac tfb Tklft Tbvbrb`m Mae Nidrag' Iddatac Cir`daraulf.]fb tri`sgitar fis vb`turbm ta imm tfb prbsb`t a`bta tfb B`lgksf warhs a` gkturly k` tfb fapb tfit'caggawk`l i hàwgbmlb ac tfb Drbvkiry' saeb innau`tac tfb Gbntkaìry' kts saurnbs i`m fkstary' waugmàt db u`wbgnaeb.

K` rbigkty tfks ks saebtfk`l earb tfi` i tri`sgitka`.Kt ks ritfbr i` imiptitka` ac twa warhs' 4 ta wfknf ina`skmbridgb ieau`t ac `bw eittbr fis dbb` immbmdy tfb iutfar. ]fb wfagb ac tfb K`tramuntka`'Nfiptbr K.' i`m tfb sbna`m figc ac Nfiptbr KS. irb `bw'is wbgg is sbvbrig sfartbr sbntka`s wfknf fivb dbb`k`sbrtbm k` tfb tbxt it virkaus pginbs. ]fraulfauttfb warh tfb Mauiy vbrska` ac tfb Dkdgb fis dbb`

9 ^nkb`nb bt Tbgklka` ? Btumbs paur gb tbeps prbsb`t. Zirks'Gkdrikrkb Dgaum bt Nkb.' rub Eimieb =.

4 Gbs Gbntka`ìkrbs bt gbs Bvi`lngikrbs' pir Ougbs Diumat'Db`bmkntk` mn 9 Iddiyb mb Cir`daraulf.


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vk ]ri`sgitar s Zrbcinbimaptbm car ^nrkpturig quatitka`s' i`m tfb B`lgksftri`sgitka`s pudgksfbm dy ]. # ]. Ngirh ac Bmk`durlf car rbcbrb`nbs crae tfb Citfbrs' wfbrbvbrtfks fis dbb` passkdgb.

\ktfaut maudt tfbrb ks i` iwihb`k`l k`tbrbst k`tfb Mkvk`b Gkturly' is ks tbstkckbm dy tfb ùedbrs wfacrbqub`t kts rbnktitka` k` \bstek`stbr Nitfbmrig i`mk` aur rbgklkaus fausbs' is wbgg is dy tfb àtknb ktrbnbkvbs k` aur `bwspipbrs. Eiy wb àt fapb tfitigg tfks ks dut sa eunf bvkmb`nb ac tfb miw` ac iNitfagkn rbvkvig' i`m ac tfb rbtur` ac giy cagh tatfbkr pirt k` tfb Nfurnf s mikgy priybr' wfknf wis saeirhbm i cbiturb ac B`lgksf Nitfagkn gkcb dbcarb tfblrbit upfbivig ac tfb skxtbb`tf nb`tury.]fb tri`sgitar curtfbr rbtur`s fks east lritbcugtfi`hs ta Er. N. M. Larma` car hk`mgy u`mbrtihk`l tfbrbvkska` ac tfb praacs' i`m bspbnkiggy ta tfb iutfar'Mae Ougbs Diumat' A.^. D.'car fks hk`m`bss k` eihk`lsa ei`y k`tbrbstk`l immktka`s.

Mbspktb tfb ei`y sfartnaek`ls ac tfks tri`sgitka`'kt ks fapbm tfit kt eiy iccarm eittbr car k`struntkaì`m tfaulft iea`l tfasb wfa ga`l ta sbb tfksB`lgi`m ac aurs a`nb earb u`ktbm k` a`b Cagm i`mu`mbr a`b ^fbpfbrm' i`m tfb Nitfagkn Nfurnf k`B`lgi`m ilik` tihb fbr sfirb k` sfipk`l tfb gkvbsac aur cbggaw%nau`tryeb` k` rblirm ta tfbkr mutkbs taLam i`m tfbkr `bklfdaur. I. N.GA@MA@' k#tf Eiy 9;9:.


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NFIZ]BT K. CKT^] ZBTKAM]FB LB@B^K^ AC ]FB GBN]KA@ITKB^ I@M BSI@LBG%ITKB^ MRTK@L ]FB CKT^] CgSB NB@]RTKB^ . 2

9. Daahs prkektkvbgy bepgaybm ]fb ckrst Nfrkstki`srbnbkvb tfb Daahs ac tfb Agm ]bstieb`t &Giw i`m Zrapfbts+ crae tfb Obws ]fb pirtknugir Nfurnfbs tri`sektta a`b iàtfbr tfit wfknf brb ga`l ks ta na`stktutb tfb@bw ]bstieb`t.

4. Bxkstb`nb ac tfb Gbntka`s k` tfb ckrst Nfrkstki` Ebbtk`ls]fb Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Zissilbs dbcarb tfb Careitka` ac tfb Naggbntka`s.

NFIZ]BT KK. ^BNA@M ZBTKAM]FB GBN]KA@ITKB^ I@M BSI@LBGITKB^ CTAE ]FB

^KV]F ]A ]FB ]\BGC]F NB@]RTKB^ . . 9;K. ]FB ÂRTNB^ AT MANREB@]^

9. ]fb Gbntkaìrkbs Car tfb Bist.Car tfb \bst.

4. ]fb Bvi`lbgirkbs Car tfb Bist.Car tfb \bst.


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vkkk Na`tb`tsKK. ]FB MK^]TKDR]KA@ AC ]FB GBN]KA@^

9. ]fb Gbntkaìrkbs Car tfb Bist.Car tfb \bst.

]fb Naebs ]fb Ilrbbeb`t dbtwbb` tfb Naebsi`m tfb \arh ac Ignuk` i`m Ieigikrb ]fbIedraski` Gkturly ]fb Eaziridkn i`m NbgtknGkturly.

4. ]fb Bvi`lbgirkbs Car tfb Bist.Car tfb \bst.

NFIZ]BT KKK. ]FKTM ZBTKAM]FB GBN]KA@ITKB^ I@M BSI@LBGITKB^ CTAE ]FB

BGBSB@]F ]A ]FB CKC]BB@]F NB@]RTKB^ . 66K. LB@BTIG LGI@NB I] ]FB MANREB@]^

9. ]fb Gbntkaìrkbs.4. ]fb Bvi`lbgirkbs.

KK. MK^]TKDR]KA@ AC ]FB GBN]KA@^9. ]fb Gbntkaìrkbs.4. ]fb Bvi`lbgirkbs.

KKK. NBTBEA@KIG AD^BTSBM CAT ]FB GBN]KA@^9. ]fb Gbntkaìrkbs.4. ]fb Bvi`lbgirkbs.

KS. K@]BTKAT I@M BV]BTKAT MBNATI]KA@ AC ]FBBSI@LBGITKB^.

NFIZ]BT KSI LB@BTIG ^RTSB[ AC ]FB GBN]KA@^ AC ]FBTAEI@ EK^ÎG 96>

9. ]fb Gbntkaìrkbs.4. ]fb Bvi`lbgirkbs.

NA@NGR^KA@ ... .4:;


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K. ZTBGKEK@IT[ @A]KA@^. Dy Gbntkaìrkbs ksebi`t' k` i lb`brig wiy' tfb gkturlknig daahs na`tik`k`l tfb spbnkig pissilbs ac Fagy ^nrkpturb wfknf irbrbim k` tfb pudgkn sbrvknbs' pirtknugirgy it tfb Eiss.]fb bxprbsska` ks mbrkvbm crae tfb Gitk` warm gbntka`bs'i tri`sgitka` ac tfb Lrbbh IyiyyaxrbP ar Ik!iykw!xiri.]a mbsklìtb tfbsb mbtinfbm pissilbs' tfb Lrbbhs igsabepgaybm tfb warm ]rbpkxa]rig &Gitk` sbleb`tiU' craewfknf wb fivb lat tfb warm pbrknapbs.]a lkvb tfb lb`brkn àtka` ? kt ks ippgkbm ta tfbb`tkrb naggbntka` ac Dkdgb bxtrints' bktfbr ac tfb Agmar @bw ]bstieb`t. K` i earb rbstrkntbm sb`sb tfbwarm Gbntkaìry mbsklìtbs tfb rirb daah ac bxtrintscrae tfb Agm ]bstieb`t 8 tfus tfb ìeb sfaws tfitit ckrst tfb lbùs wis bepgaybm ta bxprbss tfb spbnkbs.Is ta tfb partka`s ac tfb @bw ]bstieb`t' mkstk`ntmbàekìtka`s ni` db lkvb` tfbe innarmk`l ta wfbtfbr


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4 ]fb Gbntkaìrytfby wbrb tihb` crae tfb Laspbgs' ar Ints i`mBpkstgbs ac tfb Ipastgbs.]fus tfb naggbntka` na`tik`k`l tfb gbssa`s crae

tfb Laspbg ks niggbm dy tfb Lrbbhs BuiyybI!ak! arBxVayi^kak! ]AS bviyybVkav. Burapbi` snfagirs actb`nigg tfb Laspbg Gbntkaìry dy tfb ìeb Bvi`lbgkirkuear Bvi`lbgkstirkue 8 dut saeb prk`tbm Lrbbh gbn%tkaìrkbs rbsbrvb tfks gittbr bxprbsska` ta mbsklìtbtfb ckìg gkst k` wfknf tfb miys irb sbt aut wktf tfbpissilbs wfknf aulft ta db rbim.

K` rblirm ta tfb naggbntka` ac gbssa`s tihb` craetfb Ints ac tfb Ipastgbs ar tfb Bpkstgbs' tfb ìebI]ra\aIa1 ar Kkpii


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K`tramuntka` >

twa mkstk`nt pirts ac tfb @bw ]bstieb`t. Kt ks k`tfks gittbr sb`sb tfit wb wksf ta spbih' car wb k`tb`mbxnguskvbgy ta annupy aursbgvbs wktf tfb naggbntka`s ac tfb\bstbr` Gkturly 8 wb sfigg siy i warm b` pissi`t acBistbr` naggbntka`s.]fb twa tbres wbrb bepgaybm ta mbsklìtb tfb

naggbntka`s fivk`l tfb naepgbtb tbxt ac tfb gbssa`s'ar bgsb tfb tidgbs k` wfknf a`gy tfb dblk``k`l i`m tfbb`m ac tfb gbssa`s cklurbm ? tfasb wfa wi`tbm ta dbprbnksb livb ta tfb naepgbtb naggbntka`s tfb ìeb acZgbìrkue' Bpkstagiry' ar Bvi`lbgiry' i`m ta tfbtidgbs tfb ìeb ac Nipktugiry ar Drbvkiry' ac tfbBpkstgbs ar Laspbgs. I lb`brkn ìeb wis lkvb` tatfb naedkìtka` ac tfb twa 8 kt wis niggbm tfb Naebs arGkdbr Naektks ar Gkdbr Naeknus. ]fb mbskrbm adobntwis bktfbr ta eirh tfb ìeb ac i lrbit pbrsa` tawfae tfb naggbntka` wis mbmknitbm' ar bgsb tfb usbtfit tfb prkbsts ac tfb Nfurnf aulft ta eihb ac kt 8tfby wbrb ta na`skmbr kt is i` k`sbpiridgb naepi`ka`'tfb na`tb`ts ac wfknf tfby aulft actb` ta rbim i`mebmktitb a`. 9

KK. MKSK^KA@. ]fb caggawk`l ks tfb armbr k` wfknf9 Mu Ni`lb' Lgassiry. ^bb igsa k` warhs ac D. ]aeeisk'

tfb prbcinb ta vag. v. p. 49.]fb sb`sb ac tfb warm Gbntkaìry k` Ilradirm ks firmgysitkscintary ? Gkdbr gbntkaùe bx mkvk`ks gkdrks na`lrui ritka`snaggbntus kt sbbes taa lb`brig 8 àr ks tfb skl`kcknitka` tfit tfbsieb warm rbnbkvbm k` tfb bgbvb`tf i`m twbgctf nb`turkbs 8 tfb`kt usbm ta mbsklìtb tfb naggbntka` ac gbntka`s usbm k` tfb accknb'k`mbpb`mb`t ac Fagy ^nrkpturb &Faekgkbs' ^brea`s' Zisska`s'Ints ac tfb Eirtyrs+. ]fks ks taa wkmb i sb`sb.


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= ]fb Gbntkaìrytfks warh wkgg db mkvkmbm. Kt wkgg na`tik` caurnfiptbrs' mkstrkdutbm is caggaws. K` Wfsckrst wb sfiggspbih ac tfb lb`bsks ac tfb Gbntkaìrkbs i`m Bvi`%lbgirkbs murk`l tfb ckrst ckvb nb`turkbs. K` tfb sbna`mnfiptbr wb sfigg mbig wktf tfb saurnbs ar manueb`ts cartfb Gbntkaìrkbs i`m Bvi`lbgirkbs murk`l tfb ckctf tatfb bgbvb`tf nb`turkbs' datf k` tfb Bist i`m \bst.]fb tfkrm+ sudmkvkmbm k`ta caur irtkngbs' wkgg bìdgbus ta lbt i lb`brig kmbi ac tfb Gbntkaìrkbs i`mBvi`lbgirkbs' tfbkr mkstrkdutka`' nbrbea`kig' i`m k`tbrkararìeb`titka`' crae tfb bgbvb`tf ta tfb ckctbb`tfnb`turkbs. ]fb caurtf nfiptbr wkgg db i lb`brigsurvby ac tfb gbntka`s ac tfb Taei` Ekssig.

K` na`nguska`' saeb ac tfb gbssa`s ta db gbir`bmwkgg db sbt cartf' k` tfb fapb ac rb`mbrk`l tfks gkttgbwarh earb pracktidgb


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NFIZ]BT KCKT^] ZBTKAM

]fb Lb`bsks ac tfb Gbntkaìrkbs i`m Bvi`lbgirkbsmurk`l tfb Ckrst Ckvb Nb`turkbs

]FB naggbntka`s is wb àw hàw tfbe ni`àt dbtrinbm dinh birgkbr tfi` tfb ckctf nb`tury 8 kt mabs àtsbbe tfit tfby bxkstbm k` tfasb mksti`t ilbs' dut irbritfbr tfb rbsugt ac usbs wfknf it ckrst virkbm innarmk`lta tkebs i`m `bbms.

K. ]fb Zrintknb ac tfb Ipastgbs. ]fb nustae acrbimk`l Fagy ^nrkpturb k` tfb gkturlknig accknbs labsdinh ta tfb k`ci`ny ac tfb Nfurnf 8 kt ks lb`briggytfaulft tfit tfb usilb wis darrawbm crae tfb Obws. 9]fb i`nkb`t syìlalub' bvbr cugg ac vb`britka` car tfbk`spkrbm daahs' igwiys rbim binf îturmiy i pirt actfb Zb`titbunf i`m i seigg sbntka` ac tfb prapfbtkndaahs ? tfb mkstrkdutka` wis eimb k` sunf i ei``bris ta b`surb tfb naepgbtb rbimk`l ac tfb twa pirts actfb Dkdgb murk`l tfb ybir. ]fb îvkaur b`tbrbm tfbsyìlalub it @izirbtf a`b miy' #quat8 i`m rasb up ta rbim ?

9 ^t. Kskmarb' Mb Bnngbskistknks accknkks' Z.G.' t. Kxxxkkk. n.


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3 ]fb Gbntkaìryi`m tfb daah ac tfb prapfbt Ksikis wis mbgkvbrbm u`taFke #quat8 &^t. Guhb kv. 93+. ]fb mksnkpgb' spbihk`l k` tfbInts ac tfb Ipastgbs ac tfb oaur`by ac ^t. Ziug' curtfbrk`strunts us a` tfb printknb ac tfb syìlalubs ? #quat8 ]fbynieb ta I`tkanf k` Zkskmki ? i`m b`tbrk`l k`ta tfbsyìlalub a` tfb îdditf miy' tfby sit maw`. I`mictbr tfb rbimk`l ac tfb Giw i`m tfb Zrapfbts' tfbrugbrs ac tfb syìlalub sb`t ta tfbe' siyk`l ? [b eb`'drbtfrb`' kc yau fivb i`y warm ac bxfartitka` taeihb ta tfb pbapgb' spbih #quat8 &Ints xkkk. 9=%92+.]fb int wis tihb` is i` k`struntka`' i`m tfb birgyNfrkstki` issbedgkbs wbrb si`ntkckbm dy tfb rbimk`l actfb Fagy Daahs. Is tfb pirts wfknf wbrb ta caretfb @bw ]bstieb`t wbrb naeeu`knitbm ta tfbnfurnfbs' tfb rbimk`l ac tfbe wis immbm ta tfit actfb Agm ]bstieb`t. âeb k`tbrprbtbrs fivb sbb` iìgguska` ta tfb rbimk`l ac ^t. Guhb s Laspbg k` tfkspissilb ac ^t. Ziug ? #quat8 \b fivb igsa sb`t wktf fke &fbspbihs ac ]ktus+ tfb dratfbr wfasb priksb ks k` tfblaspbg tfraulf igg tfb nfurnfbs #quat8 &4 Nar. vkkk. 6+.]fks atfbr rbnaeeb`mitka` ac tfb lrbit Ipastgb igsadbirs a` aur sudobnt 8 #quat8 I`m wfb` tfks bpkstgb sfiggfivb dbb` rbim wktf yau' niusb tfit kt db rbim igsa k`tfb nfurnf ac tfb Giamknbi`s 8 i`m tfit yau rbim tfitwfknf ks ac tfb Giamknbi`s #quat8 &Nagass. kv. 93+.

KK. K` tfb ^bna`m Nb`tury. ^t. Oustk` &c 93>+ k`fks wrktk`ls tfraws saeb gklft a` tfb Taei` i`mZigbstk`ki` trimktka`s 8 k` a`b ac fks Ipagalkis fbspbihs ac tfb Nfrkstki` ebbtk`ls a` tfb û`miys. Kt


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k` tfb ]fkrm Nb`tury >:%>>3.> ^t. Nyprki`' Bpkst. >>' Z.G.' t. kv. n. >46.= \arh pudgksfbm dy F. Infbgks' Mkb ni`a`bs Fkppagytk' k`

]bxtb u`m R`tbrs.P Gbkpzkl' 96;9' t. vk. cisn. =' pp.


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k` tfb Caurtf Nb`tury ;nbrtik` issbedgkbs' tfby taah ta imiptk`l tfb pissilbswfknf wbrb rbim ta tfb mkccbrb`t sbisa`s ac tfb ybir ?tfus Arklb` tbggs tfit tfb daah ac Oad wis rbim murk`l Gb`t' i`m fb lkvbs tfb rbisa` ac kt ? #quat8K` tfbebbtk`ls ac tfb ciktfcug'#quat8 fb siys it tfb dblk``k`l acfks bxpgiìtka`' #quat8tfb innau`t ac Oad s succbrk`ls ksrbim a` tfb miys ac cistk`l i`m idstk`b`nb ? murk`ltfbsb miys' tfasb wfa irb mak`l pbì`nb tfus tihbtfbkr pirt k` tfb imekridgb pisska` ac tfb îvkaurObsus' k` armbr tfit' pirtihk`l k` Fks tbrrkdgb succbrk`ls' tfby eiy ebrkt ta irrkvb it Fks oaycug rbsurrbntka`.K` tfb pbrsa` ac Oad tfbrb ks rbprbsb`tbm saebtfk`lac tfks pisska` i`m rbsurrbntka`' is tfasb hàwwfa fivb ebmktitbm a` fks fkstary nirbcuggy ? tfksks wfy k` tfbsb miys ac succbrk`ls' si`ntkcknitka`'prkvitka`' wb rbim' ebmktitb' i`m bxiek`b k`ta tfbinnau`t ac Oad s pisska`.#quat8 g

KS. K` tfb Caurtf Nb`tury tfb bvkmb`nb dbnaebsearb idu`mi`t' i`m innau`ts car tfb nfirintbrkzitkaàc ganig printknbs na`nbr`k`l tfb gbntka`s. ]fb bklftfdaah ac tfb Ipastagkn Na`stktutka`sP k` na``bntka`wktf tfb bpksnapig armkìtka`' spbihs ac tfb gbntka` actfb Giw' tfb Zrapfbts' tfb Bpkstgbs' tfb Ints ac tfbIpastgbs' i`m igsa tfb Laspbgs. 4 Innarmk`l ta tfb]bstieb`t ac tfb Garm' tfb gbntars rbim tfb Zrapfbtsi`m tfb atfbr gbssa`s it i` ippak`tbm pginb' dut iprkbst ar i mbina` rbim tfb Laspbg. ]fb IpastagknNa`stktutka`s bvb` k`mknitb tfb daahs ac tfb Agm i`m

9 Z.L.' t. xkk. 4 Z.L.' t. k. n. 9:


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ka ]fb Gbntkaìry@bw ]bstieb`ts wfknf wbrb rbim dy tfb gbntars.

9

Curtfbr' igsa' k` nbrtik` iutfars wb fivb saeb earbprbnksb k`mknitka`s ac tfb miy a` wfknf tfb gbntka`sfivb i pginb. Innarmk`l ta ânritbs' ^nrkpturb wisrbim it tfb eissbs ac û`miy' tfb` a` tfb vklkgs i`mstitka` miys' \bm`bsmiy i`m Crkmiy. Brb ga`l tfbîturmiy wis immbm. 4 ^t. Bpkpfi`kus &c =:>+' kt kstrub' issbrts tfit tfb usilb wis pirtknugir ta nbrtik`pginbs. > Btfbrki' k` fbr Zbrblrkìtka' k`strunts us a`tfb printknb ac Obrusigbe k` tfb caurtf nb`tury.Tbiggy' sfb pak`ts aut wfit wbrb tfb gbntka`s tfraulfauttfb ybir. ]fby wbrb ? car tfb armkìry û`miys' tfbLaspbg ac tfb Tbsurrbntka` it tfb accknb ac vklkgs 8 cartfb Zurkcknitka`' ^t. Guhb kk. 44 8 car tfb îturmiy acGizirus &tfit ks ta siy' tfb îturmiy dbcarb Zigeû`miy' ^t. Oaf` xk. i`m xkk. 9%94 8 car Zigeû`miy' ^t. Eitt. xxk. 8 car Fagy ]ubsmiy' bvb`k`laccknb' ^t. Eitt. xxv. >%= 8 car \bm`bsmiy k` Fagy\bbh' bvb`k`l accknb' tfb dbtriyig ac Oumis 8 carFagy ]fursmiy' bvb`k`l accknb' ^t. Eitt. xxvk. >6ar ^t. Eirh xkv. >3 8 Fagy ]fursmiy' tfb `klft'^t. Guhb xxkkk. =9 8 car Laam Crkmiy' tfb `klft'^t. Eitt. xxvk. =: 8 Laam Crkmiy' tfb `klft' ^t.Guhb xxkk. =6 8 car Fagy îturmiy' k` tfb ear`%

9 ]bstien`tue [email protected].' bm. Tifei`k' Eiyb`nb' 96;;' p. 4= 8Ipastagkn Na`stktutka`s' dh. kk. n. 24.


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k` tfb Caurtf Nb`tkkry 9 9

k`l' ippbiri`nb ac Nfrkst dbcarb Zkgitb 8 Fagyîturmiy' ictbràa`' ^t. Eitt' xxvkk. 2< ar ^t.Oaf` xkx.' ippbiri`nb ta tfb mksnkpgbs 8 car Bistbr'ictbràa`' ^t. Guhb xxkv.' ippbiri`nb ta tfb mksnkpgbs 8car Yuiskeama û`miy' ^t. Oaf` xx.' ippbiri`nb ta^t. ]faeis 8 car Zb`tbnast' Ints ac tfb Ipastgbs k.9%94' i`m tfb laspbg ac Isnb`ska` Miy.Iàtfbr àt gbss k`tbrbstk`l mbtikg ks draulft autk` tfb Zbrblrkìtka ^kgvki ? it Obrusigbe' tfb Laspbgwis rbim datf it Eitk`s i`m Eiss. M. Nidrag na`ngumbs tfit tfb Eitk`s i`m i`tb%eiss ar eiss ac tfbnitbnfueb`s i`m tfb nià`knig accknb fivb dbb` criebmtfb a`b a` tfb atfbr. ûnf igsa ippbirs ta db M.Diuebr s apk`ka` k` fks Fkstary actfb Drbvkiry 8 k` cint'wb ck`m k` tar`. k. p. >66 ? #quat8 Kt sbbes tfit crae tfb b`mac tfb caurtf nb`tury tfb gbssa`s ac tfb accknb caggawbmtfb armbr ac tfb gbssa`s ac tfb Eiss. #quat8 Btfbrki ictbrwirms bgsbwfbrb mbsnrkdbs tfb rbimk`l ac tfb Laspbg.Kt ks trub tfit k` tfks bxpasktka` Btfbrki spbihs a`gy acGb`t. ]fb nau`nkg ac Giamknbi &>63+' kc fb mabs àt intuiggyeb`tka` tfbe' ei`kcbstgy suppasbs tfb gbntka`s' cark` fks caurtbb`tf Nitbnfkse' wfbrb fb lkvbs i rbsuebac tfb wfagb Nfrkstki` mantrk`b' fb rbnaeeb`ms tafks fbirbrs tfb caur Laspbgs sa wbgg hàw`. 4 ]a%

9 Munfbs`b' Arklk`bs mu nugtb nfrbtkn`' p. 496.4 Z.L.' t. xxxkkk. n. =;;.


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94 ]fb Gbntka`irywirms tfb b`m ac tfb caurtf nb`tury' a`b ck`ms praacit I`tkanf ac i rblugitbm mkvkska` 8 binf ^u`miy i`mcbist fim i gbntka` isskl`bm k` imvi`nb. \b eiyk`mbbm ippbig ta tfb wrktk`ls ac ^t. Oaf` Nfrysastae&t =: 8 sbb igsa Faekg.k` Eitf.' t. Kvkk. n. 49' 33' btn.

4 ^bb Z.L.' t. gkkk. n. 4;9.


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k` tfb Ckctf Nb`tury 9>Kc wb tur` ta tfb \bst' wb ck`m tfb sieb printknbbstidgksfbm k` tfb caurtf nb`tury' wktf tfb sieb mkvbr

skty ac mbtikgs. Gbt us gaah it saeb pak`ts iea`lei`y atfbrs k` tfb warhs ac ^t. Iedrasb &c >;>' im Eirnbggk`ue' bpkst. 4:' Z.G.' t. xvk. n. ;;


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9= ]fb Gbntkaìrytfb fkstary ac tfb Zisska`. ûnf sbbes ta fivb dbb`tfb nisb k` tfb nfurnfbs ac ^yrki' i`m kt ks ac tfkstfit ]fbamarbt ac Nyrrfus &c =26+ naepgik`s k` fkswrktk`ls? #quat8 K fivb eysbgc naeb inrass earb tfi` twafu`mrbm bxiepgbs ac tfb Mkitbssira` k` usb k` aurnfurnfbs? K fivb naggbntbm tfbe k` armbr ta sudstktutbcar tfbe tfb ìrritkvbs ac tfb caur Bvi`lbgksts. #quat8 9]fb bvkmb`nb ks bxpgknkt' kt ilrbbs i`m ckts k` wktf tfbfypatfbsks ac Z. îvk 8 4 dut' ta db bxint i`m prbnksb'kt ni`àt db ippgkbm ta tfb nfurnfbs ac wfknf]fbamarbt spbihs 8 àr mabs kt k` i`y wiy wbihb`wfit Btfbrki fis tagm us ac tfb Nfurnf ac Obrusigbe. >Gbt us imm' kc kt ks mbskrbm' tfit tfb Nfurnf ac Bmbssikektitbm tfit ac Nyrrfus' i`m tfit it tfb sieb pbrkamtfb dksfap Tiddaugbr &c =>2+ eimb bvbry bccart ta prasnrkdb tfb Mkitbssira`.P ]fb \bstbr` Nfurnf fim à`bbm ta rbnbmb crae tfbsb gkturlknig brrars' i`m a`b eiyeb`tka` tfit tfb ittbept ac ^t. Iulustk`b rbeik`bmu`sunnbsscug ? fb wksfbm' ictbr tfb ei``br ac ]itki`'ta bstidgksf tfb usb ac k`tbrpagitk`l k` tfb tbxt ac i`Bvi`lbgkst nbrtik` warms tihb` crae tfb atfbrsyàptkns' dut wktfaut sunnbss. 2 ^t. Iulustk`b &c =>:+wis i wkt`bss is ta tfb printknb ac tfb gkturlknig

9 FnBrbtknirue tidugirue naepb`mkue' k. n. 4:' Z.L.'t. Kxxxkkk. n. >43.> M. Nidrag' tumb sur gi Zbrblrkìtka' Ippb`mknbs' pp.

936%93;.= Tudb` Muvig' Gi gkttmriturb syrkiqub' p. =6.3 ^brea` 4>4' Z.G.' t. xxxvkkk. n. 99:6.


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k` tfb Ckctf Nb`tury 92gbntka`s k` tfb \bstbr` Nfurnf k` tfb ckctf nb`tury'oust is ^t. Nfrysastae wis car tfb Nfurnf ac tfbBist ? kt sbbes' k`mbbm' tfit k` fks miy k` Icrkni' is itTaeb' tfbrb wis à Zrapfbtkn gbntka` it Eiss bxnbpta` nbrtik` miys 8 kc fb saebtkebs spbihs ac tfrbbgbssa`s' kt ks tfit fb ebi`s dy tfb bpkstgb tfb psigewfknf ks pginbm dbcarb tfb laspbg. 9 Fks bxpgiìtkaàc ^t. Oaf` bx armk`b gbntkaùe 4 eihbs a`b tfk`h tfittfby stkgg rbim i daah rklft tfraulf 8 tfbrb wbrb'fawbvbr' nbrtik` k`tbrruptka`s' k` tfb gbntka`s is k` tfbnaeeb`tiry' car a` Zisnig cbists kt wis nustaeiry tarbim tfb innau`ts ac tfb rbsurrbntka` ac Obsus Nfrkst'wfknf wbrb tihb` sunnbsskvbgy crae ^t. Eittfbw' ^t.Eirh' ^t. Guhb. > ]fb Zisska` wis a`gy rbim a`Laam Crkmiy' i`m igwiys tfit innarmk`l ta ^t. Eittfbw.A` Fagy îturmiy tfb accknb k`ngumbm ei`y gbssa`s' =btn. ]fus' crae tfb sbrea`s ac tfb lrbit mantar wb ni`mbtbrek`b tfb ùedbr ac tfb Laspbg pbrknapbs rbim itFkppa' i`m saebtkebs ckx tfb bpkstgb car tfb narrbspa`mk`l miys. I` bxiekìtka` ac tfb ^brea`s ac ^t. Gba&c =39+ gbims us ta tfb sieb rbsugt wktf rblirm ta tfbNfurnf it Taeb' i`m fbrb i`m tfbrb ks cau`m i` bxintnarrbspa`mb`nb dbtwbb` tfb gbntka`s tfb` i`m àw. 2

9 ^brea` 932' K' Z.G.' t. xxxvkkk. n. ;:4.4 Z.G.' t. xxxv. n. 9;


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9 3 ]fb Gbntkaìry]fb rbsugt ac tfbsb quatitka`s sfaws us tfit a` tfb

a`b fi`m tfb printknb ac rbimk`l tfb fagy daahs wisu`kvbrsig' dut tfit a` tfb atfbr i lrbit gkdbrty wisiggawbm ta tfb pirtknugir nfurnfbs' i`m tfit na`sbqub`tgy tfb usilbs virkbm innarmk`l ta pginbs.Ea`sklàr Munfbs`b g pravbs u`mb`kidgy tfit' up tatfb tkeb ac ^t. Db`bmknt' a`b nfurnf virkbm craeiàtfbr vbry na`skmbridgy k` tfb arli`kzitka` ac tfbaccknbs &mkstrkdutka` ac psiges i`m tfbkr issklìtka`car mkccbrb`t faurs ac tfb miy i`m pirts ac tfb ybir+.]fb pravk`nkig nau`nkgs stravb ta rblugitb tfb mbtikgsi`m ta drk`l idaut saeb u`kcarekty. \fb` kt wis k`tramunbm' tfks rbsugt wis mub ta tfb Db`bmkntk`b rugbk` usb k` tfb eaìstbrkbs ac Taeb. ^t. Db`bmknt'k` tfb armkì`nb ac tfb eaìstkn rugb' lkvbs us tfbckrst naepgbtb i`m mbtikgbm innau`t ac tfb nià`knigaccknb sunf is kt wis k` tfb prbnbmk`l nb`turkbs &tkggtawirms tfb ybir 24; ar 2>:+. Car kt wis àt k`vb`tbm dy fke 8 fb darrawbm fks mkstrkdutka` ac tfbpsiges' gbssa`s' btn.' is fb fkesbgc tbggs us' crae tfbTaei` Nfurnf i`m crae tfb atfbr nfurnfbs ac Ktigyk` tfb `bklfdaurfaam ac wfknf fb cau`m fkesbgc. Cartfb gbntka`s k` pirtknugir' fb giys maw` tfit tfby irb tadb rbim it gbist a`nb k` tfb ybir k` tfbkr b`tkrbty' tfbAgm i`m @bw ]bstieb`ts' wktf ckttk`l naeeb`tirkbs'nfasb` crae tfb dbst Artfamax Nitfagkn Citfbrs &nf.;' 9 6' =4 ac tfb Tugb+. Fb iggats caur gbssa`s car binfàntur` 8 tfasb ac tfb ckrst irb tihb` crae tfb Agm

9 Arklk`bs mu nugtb nfrttkb`' pp. =>3%=>


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k` tfb Ckctf Nb`tury 9:' i`m ippb`mkx'p. >=;' car i lgi`nb it tfb stitb ac tfb qubstka` it tfb tkeb.

4 ^aeb atfbr mbtikgs irb lkvb` k` tfb caggawk`l sbntka` idauttfb Naebs.


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]fb âurnbs ar Manueb`ts 4>si`ntk Fkbra`yek ekssi im Na`sti`tkue. ]fks apk`ka`'naeea`gy rbnbkvbm' cau`m kts suppart k` i prbna`nbkvbmapk`ka` tfit à a`b waugm mirb nigg k` maudt it tfbpbrkam wfb` tfb Naebs siw tfb gklft. \fitbvbrnfurnf daahs bxkst' car wfitbvbr purpasb ar k` rblirmta tfb `bbms ac prkbsts' eust fivb beiìtbm crae tfbfi`m ac tfb Fagy Mantar' ar it gbist rbnbkvbm narrbntka`s i`m dbb` pbrcbntbm dy fks fi`m. #quat8 ^bb Ti`hb'Zbrknapb`systbe' p. 42;' àtb 4.Dut tfb prbcitary gbttbr' stumkbm earb ngasbgy' mabs

àt pbrekt ac tfks ittrkdutka`. ]fb iutfar siys tfit'k` tfb fagy daahs' fb fis tihb` wfit sbbebm ta fkeeast na`nksb' east usbcug' east suktidgb ta binf cbist'tfit fb fis irri`lbm tfbsb pissilbs k` i nbrtik` armbr.Fb dblk`s tfb ybir crae Nfrksteis Bvb' i`m sbtsiskmb car binf cbist gbssa`s crae tfb Agm i`m @bw]bstieb`ts &Zrapfbts' Ipastgbs' Laspbgs+ 8 fb immsmkccbrb`t earig pissilbs ac ^nrkpturb car tfb sihb acbmkcknitka`' bspbnkiggy k` Gb`t. ]fb prbcbrb`nb lkvb`dy tfb iutfar ac tfb Naebs ta tfb Suglitb sfaugm dbàtbm' wfknf k` tfb Taei` nkrngb naugm àt dbinnau`tbm car dbcarb tfb skxtf nb`tury. M. Eark`&Tbvub Db`bm.' 96;:' p. =93+ eihbs tfb caggawk`ladsbrvitka`s a` kt ? It tfb pbrkam it wfknf tfb gbttbrittrkdutbm ta ^t. Obraeb ippbirbm' tfb usb ac tfbGbntkaìry wis naeea`gy rbnbkvbm iea`l Nfurnfpbapgb Naebs wis tfb ìeb lkvb` kt 8 tfb iutfarac tfb gbttbr na`sb`ts ta wrktb a`b car gkturlknig usb'it tfb wksf ac Na`sti`tkus 8 kt ks a`b dksfap im%


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4= ]fb Gbntkaìrymrbssk`l iàtfbr 8 tfb armbr caggawbm sfaws ina``bntka` wktf tfb gkturlknig armbr ac Taeb iskt ks mbtbrek`bm dy tfb înrieb`tirkbs' Lbgiskiì`m Lrblarki`. ]fb Zrapfbtkn gbssa` wis àt ybtsupprbssbm wfb` tfb Naebs wis wrkttb`' is kt wisgitbr k` tfb tkeb ac ^t. Lrblary. 9 Fb`nb a`b sfaugmpginb tfb naepkgitka` dbtwbb` = Mae Nfipei`' ap. nkt.' p.


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]fb âurnbs ar Manueb`ts 42tfb dksfap Skntar ac Nipui. Kt na`tik`s tfb caurLaspbgs #quat8 irri`lbm k` i mkitbssira` #quat8 8 tfb` naeb tfbBpkstgbs ac ^t. Ziug' tfb Ints ac tfb Ipastgbs' tfbNitfagkn Bpkstgbs' i`m tfb Ipanigypsb. ]a tfbBpkstgbs ac ^t. Ziug ks prbckxbm i gkst ac gbssa`s.It ckrst sklft' kt fis gkttgb rbsbedgi`nb ta tfb @bipagkti` Gbntkaìry ac Bulkpkus 8 dut i earb ekùtbbxiekìtka` rbvbigs i vbry ngasb narrbspa`mb`nb. 9It tfb Gkdriry ac ^nfgbttstimt' u`mbr tfb ùedbr

9:;>' ks ta db cau`m i prbnkaus rbgkn ? tfks ks ieiùsnrkpt ac tfb skxtf nb`tury' rbprbsb`tk`l inaepgbtb gkturlknig gbntkaìry' dut i gbntkaìry k` tfbìrrawbr sb`sb ac tfb warm' tfit ks ta siy' wfknfnaeprksbs a`gy tfb ckrst ac tfb tfrbb gbssa`s carebrgyk` usb it tfb Eiss' ta tfb bxnguska` ac tfb Bpkstgbs actfb Ipastgbs i`m tfb Laspbg pbrknapbs. 4]aeeisk &Apbri' v. pp. =4=%=43+ lkvbs i` armbrcar tfb Ipastagkn gbssa`s wfknf rbsbedgbs k` earbtfi` a`b pak`t tfit ac tfb Nambx Cugmb`sks 8 tfksnambx fis prbsbrvbm car us tfb Mkitbssira` ac ]itki`'tfb wfagb @bw ]bstieb`t k` ^t. Obraeb s vbrska`'talbtfbr wktf saeb k`tbrnigitbm sbntka`s' ac wfknf a`b

9 Kdkm.+ p. 9>


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]fb Gbntkaìryks i gkst ac gkturlknig rbimk`ls tihb` crae tfb Bpkstgbsac ^t. Ziug' car tfb mkccbrb`t cbists ac tfb ybir.\is tfbrb i Lrblarki` Gbntkaìry mkstk`nt craetfb înrieb`tiry ac ^t. Lrblary tfb Lrbit 1 Kt ksi mkccknugt qubstka` ta i`swbr' dut kt nbrtik`gy ippbirspradidgb. K` i`y nisb' tfb Lrblarki` înrieb`tirylkvbs i` kmbi ac wfit tfb Taei` Gbntkaìry ac tfbskxtf nb`tury wis' i`m tfb rbsbirnfbs eimb dyM. Eark` fivb vbrkckbm tfks nignugitka`' wfknf tfrawssaeb gklft a` tfb manueb`ts tfbesbgvbs ? #quat8 ]fbGbntkaìry ac Skntar ac Nipui ks earb gkhb tfbLrblarki` Gbntkaìry tfi` tfb Lbgiski` înrieb`tiryks gkhb tfb Lrblarki` Ekssig' i`m tfi` ks tfb Ekgi`bsbnfi`t ta tfb Taei` I`tkpfaìry #quat8 &Tbvub Db`bm.' 96;:'p. =93+. Crae tfks pak`t ac vkbw' tfb vbrkcknitkaèimb dy tfb gbir`bm Db`bmkntk`b' i`m tfb pudgknitkaàc wfknf wb irb lak`l ta spbih' wkgg eihb tfb rbimbrngbirbr a` tfb stitb ac tfb Taei` gbssa`s k` tfbskxtf nb`tury.

K` spktb ac tfb ripkmkty wktf wfknf kt wis prapilitbm' tfb Naebs mabs àt ippbir ta fivb gbctei`y trinbs' àtidgy k` Cri`nb. Ignuk`' k` tfbprbcinb ac tfb Naebs id Igdkà beb`mitus' siys fbfis wrkttb` fks naggbntka` innarmk`l ta tfb înrieb`tiry ac ^t. Lrblary. @adks nuri cukt Okken&namknbe+ beb`mitb itqub mkstk`ntb tri`snrkdbrb. . . .Bzpgbta si`b prnzcita gkdbgga' mklùe bt `bnbssirkèmuxkeus k` nignb kggkus' gbntka`bs quismie . . . id igkksbrumktks vkrks k` vklkgkks Zisnfnb vbg k` Cbrkks itqub


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]fb âurnbs ar Manueb`ts 4: ]fb Gbntkaìrytfb cbist ta wfknf tfb pbrknapb rbcbrs' i`m actbìgsa tfb rb`bwig ac tfb dblk``k`l ac tfb tbxt. ]atfbsb eiùsnrkpts irb immbm saeb crileb`ts acebàgalkbs ar tidgbs ac gbssa`s car tfb sik`ts ac tfbybir.]fb Nambx Nyprkus ks ùedbrbm 3>' i`m wisdraulft crae Nyprus k` 93 8 kt wis ckrst pginbmk` tfb Nagdbrt naggbntka`. ]fb Nambx NiepkiùsPnitigalubm @a. =6' wis lkvb` ta Gauks VKS. dytfb idd Cri`naks mb Nieps. Ac tfb atfbr eiùsnrkpts quatbm k` tfks pirilripf' twa irb ta dbcau`m k` tfb Drktksf Eusbue' ìebgy' tfb Iru`mbgi`m tfb Firgbki`. Is ta tfb tfkrm' tfb Zirfie'kt ks tfb prapbrty ac Garm mb gi _aunfb' i`m ks itZirfie Zirh' ûssbx.9

^nrkvb`br &vag. kk. pp. =9>%=9=+ mkvkmbs tfb ^yrkinGbntkaìrkbs k`ta twa ngissbs ? tfb ckrst ks ebrbgyi Lrbbh warh tri`sgitbm k`ta ^yrkin 8 tfb sbna`mmkccbrs crae tfb Lrbbh Gbntkaìrkbs nfkbcgy k` wfitna`nbr`s tfb dblk``k`l ac tfb bnngbskistknig ybir&Imvb`t k`stbim ac Bistbr+. Nbrtik` naggbntka`s na`tik` i Ebàgaly 8 earb rirbgy tfb gbssa`s ac tfbcbist irb put k`ta iàtfbr vagueb. ]fbrb irb saeb^yrkin eiùsnrkpts ac wfknf a`gy saeb crileb`tsrbeik`' i`m wfknf irb ac lrbit ilb' tfb Drktksf Eusbuepassbssk`l twa mitk`l crae 64=' i`m ei`y atfbrswfknf pradidgy la dinh ta tfb sieb pbrkam 8 iàtfbr

9 ^nrkvb`br' ap. nkt.' vag. k. pp. 3%9>6 8 pp. >=2' >>3'i`m >=>.


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]fb âurnbs ar Manueb`ts >9ac tfb skxtf nb`tury na`tik`s tfb caur Laspbgs wktf inbrtik` ùedbr ac bnngbskistknig rudrkns k`tbrnigitbmk`ta tfb tbxt. \b ni`àt piss avbr k` skgb`nbEiùsnrkpt 9; ac tfb Sitkni`' wrkttb` k` 9:>: dytfb prkbst i`m ea`h Bgkis k` tfb Eaìstbry ac Easbsit I`tkanf 8 igtfaulf kt mabs àt dbga`l ta tfbpbrkam wfknf wb irb stumyk`l' kt gbims us ta suppasb tfit' ga`l dbcarb tfks tkeb' tfb gbssa`s ac tfb^yrki` Nfurnf wbrb kmb`tknig wktf tfasb ac tfbLrbbh Nfurnf. 9Car tfb \bst. ]fb Naggbntka`s. Crae i` birgy

ilb' tfb nfurnfbs ac Ktigy wbrb i`xkaus ta fivbtfbkr aw` spbnkig naggbntka`s car tfb gbntka`s actfb mkvk`b accknb ar Eiss. Crae tfb ckctf nb`turytfrbb daahs wbrb usbm car tfb gkturlknig accknbs ?tfb înrieb`tirkbs' tfb Lrimuigs' tfb Gbntkaìrkbs.]fb b`tkrb ekssig' naeprksk`l tfbsb tfrbb daahs kà`b' a`gy nieb k`ta usb idaut tfb tb`tf nb`turyar sa. 4]fb Naebs ar Gkdbr Naektks ar Gkdbr Naeknus eiy

db' àt u`mbsbrvbmgy' rblirmbm is i Gbntkaìry ac tfbTaei` Nfurnf i`tbrkar ta tfb tkeb ac ^t. Lrblary tfbLrbit. Kt bòaybm sa lrbit civaur k` tfks Nfurnf

9 êktf' Mkntkaìry ac Nfrkstki` I`tkquktkbs' #quat8 Gbntkaìry'#quat8 kk.p. ;2;. Dbskmbs tfb tfkrty%ckvb ^yrkin eiùsnrkpts tfit tfb DrktksfEusbue passbssbs' eiy db eb`tka`bm ? Imm. 9='=22 i`m 9='246ac tfb skxtf nb`tury' Imm. 9='=62 i`m 9='=63 ac tfb `k`tf nb`tury&^nrkvb`br' ap. tkt.' vag. kk.' Ippb`mkx I' p. =94+.

4 Elr. Munfbs`b' Arklk`bs mu nugtb nfrttkb`' pp. 9:=' à'4:3 8 i`m Euritark k` Ekl`b' Z.G.' t. Kxxkv. n. ;:6.


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>4 ]fb Gbntkaìrytfit' is wb fivb sikm' ei`y i`nkb`t gkturlksts ittrkdutbm tfb naepasktka` ta ^t. Obraeb. Fkbra`yeusprbsdytbr' wratb Fula ac ^t. Skntar' Gbntkaùe utfidbt famkb Bnngbski naggblkt' sbm Mieisus pipi' utù`n earks bst gblk k`stktutb. 9 @awimiys tfks apk`ka`ks idi`ma`bm' dut kt ks stkgg fbgm tfit tfb iutfar ac tfbnaggbntka` ks birgkbr tfi` Zapb ^t. Lrblary ? i gbttbrta Na`sti`tkus' prbsbrvbm k` tfb prbcinb' k`mknitbstfit tfb iutfar wratb fks warh it i` bpanf wfb` tfbdksfaps wbrb crbb ta rblugitb tfb gbntka`s k` tfbkrnfurnfbs 8 tfb usb ac tfb Gbntkaìry wis' `bvbrtfbgbss' naeea`gy rbnbkvbm' i`m sa' it tfb mbskrbac Na`sti`tkus' tfb iutfar na`sb`tbm ta wrktb a`b.M. Eark` tfk`hs tfit tfb iutfar wis Skntar acNipui' wfa mkbm k` 2' i`m tfit kt wis mbstk`bmcar i dksfap k` tfb rblka` ac Db`bvb`ta &TbvubDb`bmkntk`b' 96;:' p. =93 8 96;6' p. 4= 9+. 4 ]fb armbrcaggawbm ks gkhb tfb gkturlknig armbr ac Taeb is ktks innarmk`l ta tfb Lbgiski` i`m Lrblarki` înri%eb`tirkbs 8 i`m it tfb tkeb tfit tfb Naebs wiswrkttb` tfb Zrapfbtkn gbssa` wis àt b`tkrbgy supprbssbm k` tfb Eiss' is kt wis ictbr ^t. Lrblary.Gistgy' k` tfb gbttbr tfit tfks lrbit Zapb wratb ta^bnu`mus ta tbgg fke ac fks faekgkbs a` tfb Laspbg'tfbrb ks i` igguska` ta tfb Laspbg gbntka` murk`l Eissi`m tfb armbr caggawbm ? K`tri sinri ekssirue sagbe`ki'

9 Ziebgkus igsa eihbs tfks ittrkdutka` k` fks prbcinb ta tfbbmktka` ac tfb Naebs.

4 ^bb igsa wfit wis sikm ac tfb Naebs curtfbr dinh' p. 44.


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]fb ^aurnbs ar Manueb`ts >>bx fks qui mkbdus nbrtks k` fin bnngbski gblk bx earb sagb`tsi`ntk Bvi`lbgkk quimrilk`ti gbntka`bs bxpastkk &Ekl`b'Z.G.' tar`. Kxxvk. nag. 9:


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>= ]fb Gbntkaìrynaeeb`nbeb`t ac binf pbrknapb ks k`mknitbm dy itk`y nrass. ]fbsb àtbs irb ittrkdutbm dy MaeEark` ta tfb vbry ckrst ybirs ac tfb bklftf nb`tury. 9Mae Eark` bgsbwfbrb siys tfit tfks manueb`tna`tik`s i cu`mieb`tig tbxt car B`lgi`m. 4 MaeNfipei` rblirms tfks manueb`t is rbpramunk`l tfbgkturlknig nyngb ac @ipgbs it tfb tkeb ac ^t. Lrblarytfb Lrbit' i`m sunnbsscuggy bstidgksfbs kts arklk`'igrbimy put carwirm dy Mae Eark`. ]fbsb gkturlknigpbnugkirktkbs ac @ipgbs' tfb Bvi`lbgiry ac Durnfirm'irb na`tik`bm k` tfb atfbr eiùsnrkpts intuiggy k`B`lgi`m. ]fb ckrst ks tfb Nambx Gk`mkscir`b`sks&mbsklìtbm u`mbr tfb gbttbr S+' ar Bvi`lbgiry ac ^t.Nutfdbrt' wrkttb` tawirms tfb ybir


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]fb âurnbs ar Manueb`ts >2tfb @bipagkti` gksts. 9 ]fb Drktksf Eusbue na`tik`siàtfbr B`lgksf E^. ac tfb Laspbgs dbga`lk`l ta tfbsieb mitb' E^. Tbl. k. D. SKK. &rbgitbm is Tbl. carsfart+. Kts tbxt ks vbry ngasb ta tfit ac S. ...K` tfbsb twa E^^.' S i`m Tbl.' irb caur gksts'a`b dbcarb binf Laspbg' ac gkturlknig cbists' b`tktgbmnipktugi. Er. Bmeu`m Dksfap àtknbm tfit tfbsbcbists irb lkvb` k` tfb armbr k` wfknf tfbkr Laspbgsannur k` tfb sinrbm tbxt' i`m tfit tfby dbga`l ta inaepgbtb systbe ac Laspbg pbrknapbs crae Imvb`t taZb`tbnast. 4Faw mkm tfb @bipagkti` gksts naeb ta tfb @artf 1Mae Eark` k` 96;9 sullbstbm tfit tfbsb gksts awbm

tfbkr arklk` ta saeb Gbntkaìry draulft ta B`lgi`mdy ^t. Fimrki`' Iddat ac ^t. Iulustk`b s it Ni`tbrdury' wfknf fypatfbsks fis dbb` innbptbm wktfautfbsktitka` dy sunf iutfarktkbs is Dbrlbr' \armswartf'Munfbs`b' btn. @bvbrtfbgbss' Mae Nfipei` dbgkbvbskt ta db b`tkrbgy ekstihb`' is tfb @bipagkti` gksts niebta B`lgi`m dy i earb nkrnuktaus rautb' ìebgy' dyNbagcrkm tfraulf Nisskamarus' crae tfb tk`y ksgi`mac tfb #quat8 Nistgb ac tfb Bll#quat8 it @ipgbs' dbcarb 226'àt ebrbgy dbcarb 336.>]wa atfbr eiùsnrkpts ac tfb sbvb`tf nb`tury k`

B`lgi`m apb`bm tfb wiy ta skekgir mksnusska`s na`nbr`k`l tfbkr arklk` ? ìebgy' tfb Nambx Axa`kb`sks&niggbm A+ ar Laspbgs ac ^t. Iulustk`b' Axcarm' Damg.

9 Mae Nfipei`' ap. nkt.' pp. ; i`m 24 cc.4 Kdkm.' pp. ;%9:. > Kdkm.' pp. u' 9>' i`m ==.


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>3 ]fb Gbntkaìry62< &Iunt. M. 4' 9=+' i`m tfb Nambx Ni`tidrklb`sks&niggbm V+' Narpus Nfrkstk Naggblb' Niedrkmlb' 463.Ictbr saeb innau`t ac tfb apk`ka`s' Mae Nfipei`sueebm up is caggaws tfb pradidkgktkbs ar passkdkgktkbs ?#quat8 A i`m V irb mbsnb`mbm crae i naeea` pralb`ktar'oumlk`l dy tfb nak`nkmb`nbs k` tfbkr tbxt. I` Ktigkiàr Taei` arklk` ks pastugitbm car tfb irnfbtypb acV dy tfb ngissknig arìeb`titka` ac kts pknturb ac^t. Guhb. ]fb gkturlknig àtbs dy tfb arklkìgsnrkdb ac A irb Ktigki`' kc àt Taei`. ]fb sbvb`tf%nb`tury àtbs ac Ai lkvb i purbgy Taei` systbe acgbssa`s.#quat8 9

@.D. Mae Nfipei` quatbs bvb` earb manueb`tswfknf rbgitb ta aur sudobnt 8 tfasb tfit wb fivbeb`tka`bm succknb ta sfaw faw' k` tfb sbvb`tf nb`turyi`m bvb` dbcarb' tfb Nfurnf k` B`lgi`m caggawbm tfbprintknb ac Taeb k` kts gkturlknig gbntka`s ac tfb @bw]bstieb`t. ]fb praac ks bisy kc wb nist i` byb avbrtfb naepiritkvb tidgbs ac lrbit k`tbrbst' àtidgy tfasba` pilbs 24 ta 3>. 4]fb Nfurnf ac Ekgi`' u`mbr ^t. Iedrasb' dut car

i naepgbtbgy arli`kzbm Gbntkaìry' fim cbw ac tfbpirtknugirs wfknf mkstk`luksfbm tfb Taei` Nfurnf.Eidkgga` &Eusnzue Ktigknue ? mb rktu iedraskiàUbepfiskzbs saeb tihb` crae tfb warhs ac tfb fagymantar 8 sa kt ks tfit tfb bpksamb ac Dbtfpfilb ks rbima` caurtf û`miy ac Imvb`t i`m àt a` Zige û`miy'

9 Mae Nfipei`' ap. nkt.' p. 9;;.4 Kdkm.' nfip. kv.


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]fb ^aurnbs ar Manueb`ts >6+ ilrbbs wktf Elr. Munfbs`b &Arkl. mu nugtbnfrbtkb`' p. 9=


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]fb âurnbs ar Manueb`ts >;pak`t ac vkbw &Arkl. mu nugtb' p. 929+' ck`ms tfbmanueb`ts ritfbr Taei`kzbm.]fb Eaziridkn gkturly &ar tfit ac Nfrkstki`s gkvk`l

k` ^pik` u`mbr tfb Irids+ mbvbgapbm ktsbgc k` tfbskxtf i`m sbvb`tf nb`turkbs' dut tfb b`sbedgb ac ktscareugis mitbs dinh ta tfb caurtf ar ckctf nb`tury'it tfb tkeb ac kts rbgitka`s wktf tfb Nfurnf ac Icrknii`m wktf tfb Taei` Nfurnf. 9 @uebraus rktbs wbrbvbry gkhbgy draulft crae Taeb dy tfb ckrst prbinfbrsac tfb Laspbg 8 tfb rbst' nfaknb ac gbntka`s' careugis acpriybrs' ks tfb warh ac tfb dksfaps i`m ac tfb mantarsac tfb pb`k`sugi. ]fb Naebs ks tfb naggbntka` ac tfbgkturlknig gbntka`s ac tfb Agm i`m @bw ]bstieb`ts ?tfit pudgksfbm dy M. Eark` &sbb curtfbr dinh+ lkvbstfb gbntka`s ac tfb Nfurnf ac ]agbma. 4

KK. ]FB MK^]TKDR]KA@ AC ]FB GBN]KA@^k. ]FB GBN]KA@ITKB^

Car tfb Bist. ]fb na`tkùitar ac Ieea`kus' wfak` tfb tfkrm nb`tury fim mkvkmbm tfb Laspbgs k`sbntka`s' Butfigkus' i mbina` ac Igbxi`mrki' k` tfbckctf nb`tury bxtb`mbm tfks mkvkska` ta tfb Ints ac tfbIpastgbs i`m ta tfb Bpkstgbs ? fb mkvkmbm binf daahk`ta gbntka`s ar gbssa`s &ik!iyk!nanrrP+' narrbspa`mk`lwktfaut maudt ta tfb sbntka`s wfknf wbrb rbim k` tfb

9 M. Nidrag' Arklk`bs gkturlkqubs' Ippb`mkx M' pp. 49:%499.4 M. Cbratk`' Eaùeb`ti gkturlkni' t. v.' Gkdbr armkùeP

K`tramuntka`' p. 9>.


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=A ]fb Gbntkaìrynfurnfbs. ]fus' fb mkvkmbm tfb Ints ac tfb Ipastgbsk`ta skxtbb` gbntka`s 8 tfb Nitfagkn Bpkstgbs k`ta tb`&ta wkt ? tfb Bpkstgb ac ^t. Oiebs k`ta twa' tfb ckrstBpkstgb ac ^t. Zbtbr k`ta twa' tfb sbna`m ac ^t. Zbtbrk`ta a`b' tfb ckrst ac ^t. Oaf` k`ta twa' a`b binf cartfb twa atfbr Bpkstgbs ac ^t. Oaf`' i`m a`b car tfbBpkstgb ac ^t. Oumb+ 8 tfb Bpkstgbs ac ^t. Ziug k`tatfkrty%a`b gbntka`s ? tfks lkvbs i tatig ac ckcty%sbvb`&ìebgy' ckcty%twa ar ckcty%tfrbb car tfb û`miys ac tfbybir' i`m tfb atfbr caur car tfb cbists ac Nfrksteis'Bistbr' tfb Isnb`ska`' i`m Zb`tbnast+. &^bb Sklauraux'Mkbt' mb gi Dkdgb' tar`. kk. nag. 4:238 i`m Ekl`b' Z. L. 'tar`. Kxxxv. nag. 34


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbntka`s =9pissilb crae tfb Agm ]bstieb`t' is ks tfb printknb k`tfb \bstbr` Nfurnfbs 8 saebtkebs' igsa' k` pginb ac tfbbpkstgb a`b ck`ms sbvbrig gbssa`s. ]fb gkturly ac ^t.Diskg fis igsa i gbntka` tihb` crae ^t. Ziug' tfb` tfbHiAaVkxav' tfit ks ta siy' i gbntka` crae tfb NitfagknBpkstgbs' i`m gistgy i gbntka` ac tfb Ints 8 binf ac tfbsbgbntka`s ks caggawbm dy i` ippraprkitb priybr. ]fb`caggaws i su`l psige i`m tfb rbimk`l ac tfb laspbg.]fb ^yrkin i`m Btfkapki` gkturlkbs fivb bvb` àwckvb gbntka`s. 9

MK^]TKDR]KA@ AC ]FB GBN]KA@^ K@ ]FB \B^]BT@NFRTNF K@ ]FB ^KV]F NB@]RT[' INNATMK@L]A ]FB #quat8 GKDBT NAEKNR^#quat8 ZRDGK^FBM D[M. EATK@.

Car tfb \bst. ]fb ybir dblk`s a` tfb ckrst û`miyac Imvb`t ? is k` tfb Lbgiski` înrieb`tiry' tfbrbwbrb ckvb û`miys dbcarb Nfrksteis.

Gbntka`s ac tfb Agm ]bstieb`t k` tfb Ckrst Zginb9. Ksi. kk. 9%2 8 kv. 4%>. ]fb eau`tik` ac tfb Garm.4. Ksi. xxvkkk. 93%99. Dgk`m`bss ac Ksribg' b`try ac tfb

Lb`tkgbs.9 ^bb Tbìumat' Gkturlkbs arkb`tigbs' k. pp. 2%6' 36' 2:


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=4 ]fb Gbntkaìry4. k Nar. kv. 9%2. ]fb Ipastagkn ek`kstry.>. Nagas. kkk. 2%99. Zbì`nb i`m u`kvbrsig rbàvitka`.=. k ]fbss. v. 9=%4>. Earig bxfartitka` ta rbnbkvb tfbLam ac pbinb.2. Zfkgkp' kv. =%. Cruktcug`bss ac tfb @bw _ka`.4`m Gbntka` ? k Nar. vkk. >' 2%6 8 v. 4%2. Oumi lgarkckbmdy tfb Ebsskis.

4`m Gbntka`? Ligit. kkk. 4


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbntka`s =>4`m Gbntka` ? > Hk`ls xxk. 9%4;. @idatf s vk`byirm

usurpbm dy Infid. Ints ac Ip. vkk. 29 8 vkkk. =. ]fb k`stktutka` ac tfb mbina`s' i`m eirtyrmae ac ^t. ^tbpfb`.

^t. Oaf`kst Gbntka` ? \ksmae x. 9:%9=. ]fb oust ei` pratbntbm

dy Lam k` fks wiys.4`m Gbntka` ? 4 Nar. v. 9%2. Mwbggk`l prbpirbm k` tfb

fbivb`s.Nkrnuenkska`. I giw ac tfb \ksklatfs ac tfb ybir 32:

rb`mbrbm tfks cbist adgklitary.k st Gbntka`? Lb`. xxk. 9%6. Dkrtf i`m nkrnuenkska` ac

Ksiin.4`m Gbntka`? Tae. xv. 6%9>. Obsus' sigvitka` ac tfb

Lb`tkgbs.Car tfb Naeeb`nbeb`t ac tfb [bir

kstGbntka`? Obr. x. k%ka. Caggy ac tfasb wfa warsfkp kmags.4`m Gbntka`? k Nar. x. 9=8 xk. 4. Caggy ac tfasb wfawarsfkp kmags.

Ippbiri`nb ac tfb ^ivkaurkst Gbntka` ? @ue. xxkv. >%;' 92%96. Zrapfbny ac Digiie.4`m Gbntka`? ]ktus kk. `8 kkk.


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== ]fb Gbntkaìry4`m Gbntka` ? Fbd. kk. >>%>=. ]rkuepf ac eirtyrs car

tfb ciktf.^t. Sk`nb`t

kst Gbntka` ? Ksi. xgkkk. 9%9. Zraacs ac ^t. Ziug.^t. Zbtbr s Nfikr

kst Gbntka`? Ksi. xxxkk. k' >%;' 92%96. Na`sagk`lpraeksbs ac tfb îvkaur.

4`m Gbntka` ? k Zbt. v. 9%2. Zitkb`nb k` iwiktk`l tfbrbwirms ac pistars.

Yuk`quilbskei û`miy' u`mbr tfks Tudrkn ? I`tb nir`bstaggb`mis.

kst Gbntka` ? Obrbe. vkk. 9%%;. Lrinbs rbnbkvbm.Mb nir`bs taggb`mis

kst Gbntka`? > Hk`ls xkx. >%92. Bgkis k` mbsbrt.4`m Gbntka`? 4 Nar. vk. 4%9:. ]fb innbptidgb tkeb car

pbì`nb. GB@]K. Mb quimrilbskei k` prkei fbdmaeimi

Im àìe' cbrki 4i ? Ksi. k. 93%9;' i`m ^t. Ois. k. 4%94.=i ? Ksi. xxx. 92%96' i`m ^t. Ois. k. 9>%49.

'' 3i ? Ksi. Kv. 3%


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbntka`s =2tfks usilb bxkstbm k` ^pik`. ]fks eust db' tfb`'birgkbr tfi` 2


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]fb GbntkaìryKS. Murk`l tfb tfrbb gist wbbhs tfb Nfurnf ac]agbma spbnkiggy faàurs tfb Zisska` ac tfb îvkaur 8

crae tfbrb tfbsb warms' mb trimktka`b Maek`k' k`mknitbtfb dblk``k`l ac i `bw pbrkam.

K` prkei fbdmaeimiIm àìe' cbrki 4 i Ksi. k. 9%=' 4=%438 k ^t. Oaf` k. 9%=.Ksi. v. 4:' 4>%4%3.Obr. kx. .Maek`kni mn Gizira &tfks ks aur Zisska` û`miy+ ?

Eitk`s? k' Obr.' Gie. kkk.8 4' k ^t. Zbt. kv. 9>%9;.Eiss? k' Gbvkt. xxkkk. 8 4' k ^t. Oaf` v. 93%4:.

S. ]fb wbbh wfknf ks niggbm Zast GiziraIm àìe' cbrki 4/ ? Fid. k. 4%=%kk. = 8 k ^t. Oaf` kk.

43%4;.>i ? Obr.' Gie. k. ;%9:' 948 kkk. 49%448

4 ^t. Zbt. kkk. 6%;.=i ? Obr.' Gie. k. 9;%448 kkk. 42%>48

4 ^t. Zbt. k. 9:%99.'' 2

i? Obr.' Gie. k. 93%968 kkk. 2=%238

k ^t. Oaf` k. =%


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbntka`s

FAG[ \BBHZige û`miy' Mkbs u`ntka`ks &dbniusb tfb nitbnfueb`s

rbnbkvbm tfb iàk`tk`l+ ?Eitk`s? kst Gbntka`' Ksi. xgkx. 44%438 4`m' k ^t. Zbt. k.

42' kk. 9:.Eiss? kst Gbntka`' Bxam. xkx. =%28 4`m' Mbut. pisske 8

k ^t. Oaf` kk. ;%98 k ^t. Oaf` kk. 4i ? Ksi. 9. 2%68 k ^t. Oaf` kkk. 3%;.=i ? Obr. xxvk. 9>%928 ^t. Oumb 4:%42.

K` Nnbì Maek`k? Oad xxkv. 8 k ^t. Zbt. kk. 49%4>.Im tbrtkie ? Bxam. xkx. 9%9;8 Fbd. xkk. 94%46. Car tfbrbpbtktka` ac tfb ^yedag.Im ekssie? _infir. kk.' kkk.' xk.' xkkk.' pisske W k Nar. xk.4>%>4.

Zbr tktugas &tfb nfurnfbs' atfbr tfi` tfb nitfbmrig' a`tfks miy i`m îturmiy rbu`ktb+ ? Obr. xx. i`m k ^t.Zbt.

K` Zirisnbvb` ? Ksi. Kkk. i`m gkkk. 8 bxtrints crae k Nar.'Lig.' Fbd.' k ^t. Zbt.Mkb siddita pbr tktugas? Ipan. k. ;%9:' 9%

Mkb siddita k` vklkgki Zisnfsb ? 94 Gbntka`s &Lb`. k.%kk. 38Lb`. kk. 8 Ints kx. 9%44.


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=6 ]fb Gbntkaìry4`m û`miy ictbr Bistbr? Ipan. kv. k%ka8 Ints vkkk. 9=%42.>rm '' Ipan. xkv. 9%< 8 Ints kv. >4%v. kk.=tf Ipan. xkv. 2%938 Ints kx. >4%=4.^t. ]arquitus i`m Naepi`ka`s. ]fbsb irb sbvb` dksfaps'

tfb ckrst eksskaìrkbs ac ^pik`. Ipan. vkk. ;%9:8 Fbd.x. >4%>6.]fb miy ac tfb Fagy Nrass? Ipan. xxk. 9:8 xxkk. 9%28Zfkgkp' kk. 2%99.Isnb`ska`? = Hk`ls kk. 9%92' Bgkis tihb` up ta Fbivb`8Ints k. k%u.

û`miy wktfk` tfb antivb ac Isnb`ska` ? Ipan. kv. 4%='KA%K]8 Bpfbs. kv. 6.

@itkvkty ac ^t. Oaf` Diptkst? Obr. k. =%9;8 Lig. kv. 44%>9.^t. Zbtbr i`m ^t. Ziug ? Ipan. x. i`m xk. 8 k Nar. kv. ;%92.^^. Oustus i`m Tuckùs ? Bnngbs. xxxkx. 9%94.\ksmae v. 93%9;8 Tae. v. 9%2.

'' xk. 4%=8 Tae. vkkk. 46%>;.'' xvkkk. i`m xkx. 8 Fbd. xk. 9>%93.

Zrav. x. i`m xk. ? Fbd. xk. >>%>=.\ksmae v. 9%2 8 Bpfbs. k. >%6'


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbntka`s =;Iàtfbr mb uàousta ?

Bnngbs. xxxkk. 48 Tae. x. 6%9>.Bnngbs. gk. 9%=8 k ]ke. vk. 99%9=.

Mb vkrlk`kdus ? kst Gbntka`' sbb ^^. Oustus i`m Tuckùs84`m' k Nar. vkk. 42%>=.Mbuì vkrlk`b ? Obr. xxxk. 4%


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2: ]fb GbntkaìryZra stbrkgktitb pguvki ?

9. mkb im tbrtkie ? > Hk`ls vkkk. >=%=: 8 #quat8 ^bxti#quat8 ? Obr.xkv. 9%;.

KZ. mkb im tbrtkie ? Obr. kkk. 4:%44 8 Ill. k. 8 _inf. x. 8Obr. xxv.Zra trkdugitka`b bt ngimb? Oabg kk. 94%9>8 Oaìs kkk. >%9:8Ieas v. 9=%92' kv. 8 Ksi. Kxkkk. i`m Kxkv. 8 Ksi. xxx. 8Oabg k. i`m kk. 8 Bpfbs. v. 9%4.

Car tfb û`miys &ictbr Zb`tbnast+ ?9. Ksi. vk. 9%9>8 Tae. kk. 99%4;.KZ. Ksi. v. 6%9 3 8 k Nar. k. 94%>3.S. Ksi. xgvkkk. 93%498 Tae. vk. 94%96.SZ. Ksi. xgvkkk. 94%928 T e % xkk. 9%93.SKZ. Ksi. Kk. 9%>8 Tae. xkk. 93%49.SFZ. Ksi. xgkx. 9%38 Tae. xvk. 98 Tae. xkkk. 9:%9=.V. Obr. xxxk. >9%>=8 k Nar. kkk. 93%4>.VZ. Obr. vkkk. i`m kx. pisske8 k Nar. vk. 94%4:.VKZ. Obr. kkk. 9=%4>8 k Nar. xkk. 4


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbntka`s 29Nambx' kt ks kepasskdgb ta hàw kc tfbrb wbrb i`yearb û`miys ictbr Zb`tbnast.]fi`hs ta tfb pudgknitka` ac M. Eark`' wb fivb'

wktf saeb spbnkig pirtknugirs ac tfb Nfurnf it ]agbma'tfb naggbntka` ac gbntka`s sunf is kt bxkstbm k` tfb\bstbr` Nfurnfbs dbcarb ^t. Lrblary tfb Lrbit.

Tblugirgy' wb ck`m twa gbntka`s prbnbmb tfb laspbg ?tfb ckrst tihb` crae tfb Agm ]bstieb`t' tfb sbna`mcrae tfb @bw. ]fb armbrk`l ac tfb pissilbs ippbirsearb systbeitkn tfi` k` tfb Bist ? i` b`mbivaur fisdbb` eimb ta nfaasb gbssa`s ippraprkitb ta tfbeystbrkbs dbk`l nbgbdritbm. Kt ks idavb igg k` tfbZrapfbts tfit tfb sfimaw ac tfb `bw iggki`nb ks mriwàut' is tfbkr wrktk`ls dbnaeb earb crbqub`t. Lb`bsksck`ms i pginb dy rbisa` ac tfb prapfbnkbs kt na`tik`s'dut àt' is iea`l tfb Lrbbhs' i prbpa`mbri`t a`bmurk`l Gb`t 8 tfb atfbr daahs ac tfb Dkdgb naeb k`tfb sieb wiy' dut àt igg 8 tfb sipkb`tkig daahs irbrbim a` sik`ts miys dbniusb ac tfb gbssa`s ac fagk`bsstfit tfby na`tik` 8 a`b àtknbs tfit Ksikis i`m Obrbekisirb east actb` rbim k` tfb tkeb ictbr Zb`tbnast. Ista tfb @bw ]bstieb`t' `birgy igg tfb Bpkstgbs ac ^t.Ziug i`m tfb Nitfagkn Bpkstgbs cklurb k` tfb naursb actfb gkturlknig ybir ? tfbsb gittbr ckgg up tfb tkeb ac Gb`t 8tfasb ac ^t. Ziug' tfb tkeb ictbr Zb`tbnast. ]fbIpanigypsb i`m tfb Ints ac tfb Ipastgbs care tfbtwa gbntka`s murk`l Zisnfig tkeb. ]fbrb ks àeb`tka` bktfbr ac tfb û`miys ictbr Bpkpfi`y arac tfb Yuituar ]bepari.


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24 ]fb Gbntka`iry: ?Icrkni 8 tfb Eiss ac tfb caurtf ta tfb skxtf nb`tury. Nc. Nirm.Da`i' Tbrue Gkturl.' t. k. nf.


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Zbnugkirktkbs ac tfb Nfurnf it Taeb 2>miy is tfb Bpkstgbs ac tfb Eiss. ]fb Gkdbr Za`tk%cknigks' bmktbm dy Munfbs`b &k. p. 4>:+' pravbs u`maudtbmgy tfit u`mbr tfb pa`tkcknitb ac Nbgbstk`b K.&=44%=>4+ a`gy tfb Bpkstgbs ac ^t. Ziug i`m tfb Laspbgswbrb rbim it Eiss. ]fb Zrapfbtkn gbssa` fis `bvbrtfbgbss na`tkùbm up ta aur tkeb it tfb Yuituar ]be%pari i`m a` nbrtik` cbrkis ac Gb`t. Kt wis i usilbnurrb`t k` tfb Liggkni` gkturly' is a`b sbbs k` tfbînrieb`tiry pudgksfbm dy Eidkgga`' EusnbueKtigknue' k.]fb atfbr pbnugkirkty na`nbr`s tfb Yuituar ]be%

pari ? aur Naebs mabs àt sbbe ta suspbnt tfbkrbxkstb`nb bvb`. @bvbrtfbgbss' wb eust àt suppasbtfit tfks irri`lbeb`t ac cists i`m accknbs mkm àtbxkst it tfb tkeb tfb naepkgbr ac tfb Naebs naepasbm fks warh. 9 \ktfaut aur isskl`k`l tfbkrk`stktutka` ta Zapb Niggkstus k` tfb ckrst pirt actfb tfkrm nb`tury 4 &tfb Gkdbr Za`tkcknitbs siys actfks Zapb ? Fkb na`stktukt obou`kue mkb îdditk ]BTk` i`à ckbrkP crueb`tk#iep8lt8 vk`k bt agbk lritki sbnu`mueprapfbtki`k}' wb eust siy tfit Zapb ^t. Gba tfbLrbit eb`tka`s kt actb` bàulf k` fks sbrea`s' spbihsac kt is i` k`stktutka` ac tfb ckrst nb`turkbs' ac tfbIpastagkn tkebs &Z. G. ' tar`. kv. sbre. 94' 92' 9


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2= ]fb Gbntkaìrybstidgksfbs i naepirksa` dbtwbb` tfb wrktk`ls ac^t. Gba i`m tfb warms usbm k` tfb înrieb`tiry' tasfaw tfit k` a`b wiy i`m iàtfbr tfb manueb`tsilrbb rblirmk`l tfb Yuituar ]bepari ? tfb Lrblarki`înrieb`tiry' gkhb tfb Gba`k`b' eb`tka`s saeb îturmiys fivk`l twbgvb gbssa`s wfknf narrbspa`m ta tfbîturmiys ac aur Yuituar ]bepari' i`m k` wfknftfb gbntka`s wbrb earb ùebraus is wbgg is ga`lbr.\fy tfb` ks tfb manueb`t ac ]agbma skgb`t 1 M.Eark`' k` i` irtkngb k` tfb Tbvub Db`bmkntk`b k` 96;


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Zbnugkirktkbs ac tfb Nfurnf it Taeb 22carebm ta tfb Taei`

usilb.Dbskmbs tfb @bipagkti`pbrknapbs' tfbrb wbrb tfrbb b`tktgbm Nattkmkiì pbr

ebssbs k` immktka` ta tfrbb cist miys ictbr Zb`tbnast&bmktka` ac tfb Gkdbr Naeknus' k. p. =>=+ 8 dut tfks gistcist a`gy narrbspa`ms k` ippbiri`nb ta tfb sueebrYuituar ]bepari. ]fb eksskaìrkbs sb`t dy Zapb^t. Lrblary rbiggy k`tramunbm tfb Taei` usilb k`taB`lgi`m' oust is tfb I`lga%îxa` ea`hs mkm k`Lbrei`y murk`l tfb bklftf nb`tury. Dbcarb wb ni`sbb tfks k`stktutka` lb`briggy innbptbm a` datf skmbsac tfb Igps' wb eust iwikt tfb stra`l Taei`kzk`l k`cgub`nbs ac tfb Nirgavk`lki` bpanf ? stkgg tfb Nfurnfbsac ^pik` i`m Ekgi` car i ga`l tkeb rbcusbm ta imapttfks k`àvitka` 8 is i cint' tfks printknb carebm imaudgb usb wktf tfb miys ac nià`knig gkti`kbs O /adsbrvbm dy tfbe it mkccbrb`t pirts ac tfb ybir craetkeb keebearkig. ]fb Yuituar ]bepari a`gyippbir k` ^pik` ta stirt crae tfb imaptka` ac tfbTaei` gkturly it tfb b`m ac tfb bgbvb`tf nb`tury.It Ekgi` tfby wbrb k`tramunbm vbry eunf gitbr dy^t. Nfirgbs Darraeba. #quat8

Tbgitka`sfkp dbtwbb` tfb #quat8 Naebs #quat8 i`m tfb \arhacI Knuk` i`m I eigirkus

]fb Taei` i`m tfb Liggkni` Gkturly. Dbcarbsklìgkzk`l tfb pbnugkirktkbs wfknf' k` rbspbnt ac tfbgbntka`s' mkstk`luksf tfb Taei` crae atfbr rktbs'

9 A` tfbsb nià`knig gkti`kbs sbb curtfbr dinh' mb Gkti`kisnià`knis i`m gbntka`s k`mknitbm.


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23 ]fb Gbntkaìrykt wkgg db wbgg ta àtknb tfb k`mknitka`s tfit tfbsbgittbr cur`ksf us wktf is ta tfbkr arklk`. Kc a`b eiydbgkbvb nbrtik` iutfars' tfbrb ks àt eunf ta lgbi` k`tfks ckbgm. ]fus' tfb iutfar ac tfb irtkngb #quat8 Zbrknapb #quat8Tbigb`nyngapimkb ac Fbrtzal' ictbr fivk`l ngbirbm upsaeb adsnurktkbs a` tfb stitb ac tfb pbrknapbs ittfb tkeb ac Zapb ^t. Lrblary' imms tfit tfb naeeb`titars ac tfb Ekmmgb Ilbs' Ieigirkus' Tupbrt'Faàrkus m Iutu`' btn.' ma àt lkvb i`y iutfb`tknbxpgiìtka` ac tfb usb i`m bxtb`t ac tfbsb gbntka`s.Maudtgbss ta tfks apk`ka` saeb bxnbptka` eust dbeimb. ]fb iutfar fis àt eb`tka`bm Ignuk`' tawfae' fawbvbr' fb mabs oustknb k` usk`l tfb Naebsid Igdkà bmktus is i saurnb ac k`careitka` 8 tfks ksigrbimy saebtfk`l. Fb naugm àt' earbavbr' carlbttfb lrbit ragb pgiybm dy Ignuk` &ar Igdkùs' 2%6:=+ k` tfb stumy ac tfb gkturly' i`m tfb nirb tihb`dy tfks iutfar car tfb prbsbrvitka` ac i`nkb`t trimktka`s. A` tfks lrau`m' fks Gbntkaìry' Naebs idIgdkà bx Niragk Kepbritarks prnznbpta beb`mitus&eiùsnrkpt ac tfb tb`tf nb`tury prbsbrvbm k` tfbGkdriry ac Nfirtrbs' @a. >4+' pudgksfbm k` tfb warhsac D. ]aeeisk' taeb v. pp. 4;9>' ebrkts aurittb`tka`. Kt ks caggawbm dy i` ippb`mkx ar suppgbeb`t k` wfknf tfb iutfar rbvksbs tfb prbnbmk`lnaggbntka` ta put kt k` firea`y wktf tfb gkturlyac fks tkeb. ]fb Gbntkaìry na`sksts ac 4=4 tktgbsar gbntka`s' i`m tfb Ippb`mkx ac 32 8 kt ks imiptbmta tfb Lrblarki` systbe' i`m tfus prbsb`ts us


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]fb Taei` i`m tfb Liggkni` Gkturly 29=%>96.


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]fb Iedraski` Gkturly 3>`k`tf nb`tury Liug wis k` innarm wktf Taeb car tfbgbntka`s ac tfb Dkdgb k` tfb gkturly. 9

]fb Iedraski` Gkturly. ]fb sieb firea`y rbkl`stfraulfaut it tfks bpanf i`m crae tfb sieb pak`t acvkbw dbtwbb` tfb gkturly ac Ekgi` i`m tfit ac Taeb.Dut k` atfbr wiys tfks fis i` keparti`t ispbnt. K`spbihk`l ac tfb Iedraski`' Liggkni`' i`m bvb` tfbTaei` gkturly' kt ks `at ta pak`t aut tfit tfby mkccbrcrae binf atfbr k` tfb wiy tfit i` Arkb`tig gkturlymkccbrs crae i \bstbr`' dut tfit tfby irb rbgitbm rktbswfknf fivb tfb sieb arklk` i`m pak`ts k` naeea`'ybt fivb `bvbrtfbgbss crbbgy mbvbgapbm i`m imiptbmtfbesbgvbs ta tfb nustaes ac tfb nau`trkbs k` wfknftfby wbrb kepgi`tbm.

Kc wb ippbig ta tfb wrktk`ls ac ^t. Iedrasb carsaeb tbinfk`ls' kt ks u`mb`kidgb tfit k` tfb tkeb ac tfksfagy mantar tfb tfrbb gbntka`s fim tfbkr pginb k` tfbEiss ac tfb Nitbnfueb`s i`m k` tfb caggawk`l armbr ?Zrapfbtkn' Ipastagkn' Bvi`lbgkstkn &Z.G.' tar`. xv. nag.9==>+ ? tfb warm Zrapfbts kepgkbs igg tfb Agm ]bstieb`t. K` tfb mksnaursb wfknf fb immrbssbm ta tfbBepbrar a` tfb sudobnt ac tfb iccikr ac tfb sy`ilalubi`m tfb mbstruntka` ac tfb tbepgb ac tfb Sigb`tk`ki`s'^t. Iedrasb ippbigs sunnbsskvbgy ta tfb Zrapfbtkngbssa` i`m tfb Laspbg ac tfb miy ? #quat8 Dbfagm'#quat8 siys fb'#quat8 wfit wb fivb litfbrbm crae tfb Zrapfbtkn gbssa`' sbbilik` wfit tfb rbimk`l ac tfb Laspbg cur`ksfbs uswktf.#quat8 I`m tfb mksnaursb fis pginb keebmkitbgy

9 Mkbt. nCIrnfbagalkb nfrbtkb``b bt mb Gkturlkb' k. n. 9>42.


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3= ]fb Gbntkaìrydbcarb tfb adgitka` &Z.G. ' tar`. xvk. gbttbr =9+. A`bni`àt siy tfit tfks Zrapfbtkn gbntka` cbgg k`ta mksusbk` tfb caggawk`l nb`turkbs' igtfaulf à trinb ks cau`mac kt k` tfb eiùsnrkpts 8 gkhbwksb tfb înrieb`tiryac Dbrliea' g wrkttb` k` tfb tb`tf i`m bgbvb`tf nb`turkbs' na`tik`k`l tfb priybrs' prbcinbs' bpkstgbs' i`mlaspbgs' eihbs à eb`tka` ac kt. Dut kt sfaugm dbàtbm tfit tfks gbntka`' mkccbrb`t crae tfb atfbrs' wisrbim dy i ngbrkn ac gawbr ri`h i`m k` i sbpiritb daah.Is ta tfb bpkstgbs &ar tfb Ipastgb+' ]aeeisk &v. p. =4=+i`m' ictbr fke' Lbarlk &tar`' kkk.' Gkturl. Tae. Za`tkc.+fivb pudgksfbm i` k`naepgbtb gkst' wfknf ippbirs tafivb dbb` tfb usilb ac tfb Nfurnf ac Ekgi` 8 tfb dimna`mktka` ac tfb eiùsnrkpt tfit ]aeeisk fim it fksmkspasig mkm àt iggaw fke ta mbnkpfbr tfb wfagb. Fbrbirb tfb pbnugkirktkbs ac tfks vbry i`nkb`t manueb`t ?]fb bvb ac Nfrksteis ? Taei`s vkkk. Eksska` ac

Obsus car oustkcknitka`.Nfrksteis ? Ligitki`s kv. Obsus fis mbgkvbrbm uscrae tfb sbrvktumb ac tfb giw.^t. ^tbpfb` ? 4 ]keatfy kkk. Db`bckts ac Fagy

^nrkpturb.]fb Fagy K`ànb`ts? K Nark`tfki`s kkk. ]fb Ipastgbmbskrbs ta spbih ta Nfrkstki`s is ta gkttgb nfkgmrb`.

^t. Oiebs ? Ligitki`s kk. ^t. Ziug mbcb`ms fks9 I manueb`t k` tfb Gkdriry ac î`t Igbssi`mra k` Naga`ì it

Dbrliea. ]fb Zrapfbtkn gbssa` ks igsa wi`tk`l k` i laamùedbr ac atfbr manueb`ts. Mkbt' n]Irnfbag. nfrbtkb``b bt mbGkturlkb' k. n. 9=:4' i`m dbcarb tfit n. 9>


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]fb Iedraski` Gkturly 32ipastagitb k` tfb prbsb`nb ac ^t. Zbtbr' ^t. Oiebs'i`m ^t. Oaf`.

^t. Oaf` ? Taei`s x. Ksribg rbpravbm car kts ciugt.]fb Nkrnuenkska` ? k Nark`tfki`s vkkk. K`struntkaà` tfb usilb ac caam accbrbm ta kmags.Bvb ac tfb Bpkpfi`y ? 4 Nark`tfki`s kv. ]a wfae

ks tfb Laspbg innbsskdgb 1Bpkpfi`y ? ]ktus kk. ]fb ei`kcbstitka` ac Obsusgbims us ta fagk`bss.

Fbrb i snirnbgy gblkdgb k`mknitka` sbbes ta fivbrbgitka` ta tfb cbist ac ^t. ^bdistki` 8 tfb` caggaw tfbcbists ac ^t. Il`bs' ^t. Sk`nb`t' ^t. Ilitfi 8 i cbistk` faàur ac tfb Dgbssbm Skrlk`' maudtgbss fbrZurkcknitka`' wfknf k` nbrtik` nfurnfbs ks a`gy nbgbdritbm a` tfb K ktf ar K2tf ac Cbdruiry.

^bxilbskei û`miy ? 4 Nark`tfki`s vk. ^t. Ziugbxfarts tfb Nfrkstki`s ta ivakm mbigk`ls wktf k`ckmbgs.Yuimrilbskei û`miy ? 4 Nark`tfki`s vk. ]fb

sieb pissilb tfit wb rbim àwimiys ? bxfartitka`ta prackt dy tfb innbptidgb tkeb.

]fkrm' caurtf' i`m ckctf û`miys ac Gb`t bedrinbsaeb iìgalaus bxfartitka`s tihb` crae Ligitki`s'K Nark`tfki`s' Taei`s. ]fb gbntka` ac Fagy ]fursmiyks tfb sieb is aurs ? tfb pissilb ac tfb Bpkstgb ta tfbNark`tfki`s wfbrb ^t. Ziug spbihs ac tfb Gist ûppbr.

Bistbr i`m murk`l tfb wbbh wfknf caggaws ? tfbtbinfk`ls' igwiys crae ^t. Ziug' k`nugnitb tfb kmbi acrbàvitka`' ac naedits car tfb niusb ac tfb Garm' actfb rbwirm ac ebrny' ac oay k` tfb Garm.

2


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33 ]fb GbntkaìryIsnb`ska` Miy ? tfb gbntka`' tihb` crae tfb Bpkstgb

ta tfb Bpfbski`s' ks i` bxfartitka` ta u`kty. ]fbrbks igsa i gbntka` car tfb Gkti`y' iàtfbr car tfb bvb'ictbrwirms car Zb`tbnast. ]fbrb caggaws i` bùebritka` ac cbists ? ^t. Bgbutfbrkus' ^t. Lbarlb' ^t. Skntar'^t. Zi`nritkus' ^t. Sktus' ^^. Lbrviskus i`m Zratiskus'tfb bvb ac ^t. Oaf` Diptkst' @itkvkty ac ^t. Oaf`Diptkst' ^^. Zbtbr i`m Ziug' ^t. ]faeis Ipastgb&nbgbdritbm >rm Ougy+' ^^. @idar i`m Cbgkx' ^t.Ipaggkìrks' ^t. @izirkus' Fagy Einfidbbs' ^t. ^kxtus'^t. Giurb`tkus' ^t. Fkppagytus' ^t. Eieebs' ^t.Lb`bskus' Dbfbimk`l ac ^t. Oaf` Diptkst' ^t. Nyprki`'^t. Bupfbeki' ^^. Nasei i`m Miekiùs' ^t. Eirtk`'^t. I`tfa`y' ^t. Taeiùs' ^t. I`mrbw.Is wb sbb' east ac tfbsb ìebs dbga`l ta tfbTaei` nigb`mir? tfb Iedraski` gkturly eb`tka`stfbe' dut na`sbnritbs tfbe wktf i mkccbrb`t gbntka`.]aeeisk s gkst b`ms wktf tfb û`miys ac Imvb`t'

wfknf irb skx k` ùedbr i`m fivb spbnkig gbntka`sigwiys tihb` crae ^t. Ziug ? car tfb rbst' kt ksnfirintbrkstkn ac tfks manueb`t ta fivb bxnguskvbgypissilbs crae tfb lrbit Ipastgb.

]fb Eaziridkn i`m Nbgtkn Gkturlkbs' ]a tfit wfknfna`nbr`s tfb Eaziridkn gkturly' wb fivb àtfk`l taimm fbrb. ]fb Naebs k` tfb usilb ac tfb Nfurnf ac]agbma fis sfaw` us tfit ^pik` fim saeb pak`ts k`naeea` wktf Taeb k` kts gbntka`s dbcarb tfb sbvb`tfnb`tury' dut tfks mabs àt prbvb`t us tfk`hk`l tfitmurk`l tfb caggawk`l nb`turkbs kt usbm tfb gkdbrty


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]fb Eaziridkn i`m Nbgtkn Gkturlkbs 36+. ItEitk`s a` Zb`tbnast tfb ippbiri`nb ac Obsus ta tfbIpastgbs k` tfb idsb`nb ac ^t. ]faeis' rbim dbcarba` Gaw û`miy' ks lkvb` ilik` &xx. 9;%4>+' i`m itEiss tfb mksnusska` iea`l tfb Obws idaut Obsus i`mFks eksska` ks draulft up &vkk. 2>%vkkk. k+. 9 ]fb Laspbginnarmk`l ta ^t. Eittfbw dblk`s tfb miy ictbr Zb`tbnast' tfb pbrknapbs ac wfknf caggaw binf atfbr murk`ltfb miys ac tfb wbbh 8 spbnkig pbrknapbs irb rbsbrvbmcar tfb îturmiy i`m û`miy a`gy. Gkhbwksb' wfb`

9 ^nrkvb`br' k. p. 69' fbrb rbeirhs tfit tfb pbrknapb na`nbr`k`l tfb imugtbraus waei` ks wi`tk`l k` igg hàw` eiùsnrkpts.


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb Bist 3;^t. Eirh ks tihb` car tfb wbbh%miys' dblk``k`l craetfb twbgctf û`miy' ^t. Eittfbw ks na`tkùbm a`tfb îturmiys i`m û`miys up ta tfb sbvb`tbb`tf.âebtkebs tfbsb rbimk`ls ac tfb îturmiy i`m û`miycaggaw binf atfbr k` i` k`vbrsb armbr. Car bxiepgb'a` tfb caurtf û`miy' ^t. Eittfbw vkkk. 2%9>' i`m tfbbvb' ^t. Eittfbw vkkk. 9=%4> 8 crae tfb caurtf ta tfbtwbgctf û`miys ? tfb ekringbs ac Obsus &tfb nb`turka` ssbrvi`t' vkkk. 2%92 8 tfb twa passbssbm k` tfb nau`tryac tfb Lbrisb`bs' vkkk. 46%kx. K 8 pirigytkn' kx. 9%6 8 tfbtwa dar` dgk`m i`m tfb mued ei` passbssbm dy i mbvkg'kx. 42 K ck rst eugtkpgknitka` ac gaivbs' xkv. 9=%44+8tfb piridgbs &tfb rknf yau`l ei`' xkv. 93%43 8 tfbuòust fusdi`mei`' xxk. >>%=4 8 tfb eirrkilb cbist'xxkk. 4%9= 8 piridgb ac tfb tigb`ts' xxv. 9=%>: 8 gistgy'tfb Nfiì`bi`' xv. 49%46+ 8 tfks sbvb`tbb`tf û`miynirrkbs us ippraxkeitbgy ta tfb K=tf ^bptbedbr.]fb` tfb Laspbg ac ^t. Guhb naeeb`nbs' u`mbrtfks rudrkn ? car tfb `bw ybir. ^nrkvb`br &vag k. p. 63+tfk`hs tfit tfks k`mknitka` rbcbrs ta 4=tf ^bptbedbr'i`m àt tfb kst. I `bw sbt ac û`miys na`tkùbswktfaut k`tbrruptka` up ta Yuk`quilbskei 8 ^t.Guhb s innau`t ks rbim binf miy' k` tfb sieb armbrac tfb tbxt' up ta tfb dblk``k`l ac tfb tfkrtbb`tfwbbh &îturmiys i`m û`miys igwiys bxnbptbm+.Crae tfb dblk``k`l ac tfb tfkrtbb`tf wbbh ^t. Eirhks rbsuebm' pirt ac wfknf fim dbb` rbim dbtwbb`tfb tfkrtbb`tf i`m sbvb`tbb`tf wbbhs ictbr Zb`tbnast8 `bvbrtfbgbss ^t. Guhb ks na`tkùbm a` îtur%


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb Bist < 9sagbe`ktkbs irb cbw k` ùedbr' i`m tfb prbsb`nb tfbrbac saeb ks i praac tfit tfb napykst ar iutfar ac tfksgkst wis gitbr tfi` tfb bklftf nb`tury.A`b sbbs tfbrb is cbists ac aur Garm' tfasb acNfrksteis ckxbm ta 42tf Mbnbedbr' wktf tfb bvi`lbgknigpbrknapbs crae ^t. Eittfbw kk. 9>%4> i`m k. 96%42 8tfb Nkrnuenkska` a` 9st Oiùiry' wktf tfb pissilbscrae ^t. Guhb kk. 4:%49 i`m =:%248 tfb Bpkpfi`y' a`3tf Oiùiry' tfb innau`t ac tfb Diptkse ac Obsus ksrbim &^t. Eirh k. ;%99 i`m ^t. Eittfbw kkk. 9>%93 ks rbim'wfbrb Obsus carbtbggs tfit Fb wkgg db lgarkckbm dy tfbNrass' i`m tfb innau`t ac tfb Nrunkckxka` is kt ks lkvb`dy tfb sieb Bvi`lbgkst' xkx. 3%>2. ]fb cbists actfb Fagy Skrlk` irb ùebraus bàulf ? tfb @itkvktya` 6tf ^bptbedbr' wktf tfb innau`t ac tfb vksktitka` dyEiry ta fbr nausk` Bgkzidbtf &^t. Guhb k. >;%=; i`m 23+'caggawbm dy tfb pissilb idaut Eirtfi i`m Eiry &^t.Guhb x. >6%=4+8 tfb I`ù`nkitka` &42tf Eirnf+ i`mtfb eksska` ac tfb Irnfi`lbg Lidrkbg &^t. Guhb k.4=%>6+8 tfb Issueptka` &k2tf Iulust+' wfbrb tfbpissilb idaut Eirtfi i`m Eiry ks rbim ilik`. A`6tf @avbedbr tfbrb ks i cbist k` faàur ac ^t.Eknfibg i`m tfb Irnfi`lbgs' a` wfknf anniska` twaLaspbg pissilbs irb rbim wfknf fivb àt eunf ta mawktf tfb I`lbgs ? tfby irb ^t. Eittfbw xvkkk.


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i`m^t. Eirh vk. 9=%>:+. ]fb >Atf Ou`b fis i cbist cartfb twbgvb Ipastgbs' wktf tfb pissilb crae ^t.Eittfbw x. 9%96 8 binf Ipastgb fis igsa fks aw`pirtknugir cbist

? ^t. ]faeis a` 3tf Antadbr &^t.Oaf` xx. 9;%>9+' ^t. Oiebs tfb dratfbr ac tfb Garma` 4>rm Antadbr &^t. Eirh vk. 9%+' ^t. I`mrbw a`>Atf @avbedbr &^t. Oaf` k. >2%24+' ^t Oiebs tfb sa`ac _bdbmbb a` >Atf Iprkg &^t. Eittfbw x. 9%


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Bvi`lbgirkns ac thb Bist

pb`mkx I+ tfit tfb armkìry gbssa`s ac tfb ^yrkinNfurnf up ta tfb bgbvb`tf nb`tury wbrb tfb sieb istfasb ac tfb Lrbbh Nfurnf.

K` tfb Naptkn Nfurnf' tfb mkstrkdutka` ac tfbpissilbs ks quktb mkccbrb`t 8 tfbrb irb à`b sivb cartfb û`miy. @bvbrtfbgbss' Nisski` bxprbssgy tbggs ustfit k` tfb ckctf nb`tury tfb Blyptki`s rbim i pissilbac tfb Bpkstgbs i`m Laspbgs bvbry îturmiy {K`stktutka`s' kkk. 4+. Binf û`miy fis tfrbb Laspbg gbntka`s'lb`briggy tihb` crae tfrbb mkccbrb`t ìrritars 8 ^t.Oaf` iga`b ks rbim k` tfb ea`tfs ac Oiùiry i`mCbdruiry' i`m murk`l tfb ckvb wbbhs caggawk`l Bistbr.9

Nbrbea`kig adsbrvbmcar tfb Tbimk`l ac tfb Laspbg.]fb mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Laspbg pbrknapbs fis tihbùp saeb na`skmbridgb spinb' i`m ybt wb irb circrae fivk`l bxfiustbm tfb sudobnt 8 i`m sa wb nià`gy lkvb i drkbc shbtnf ac tfb usilbs ac tfbsbnfurnfbs rbgitkvb ta tfb gbntka` ktsbgc. Tbìumat' k`fks àtbs a` tfb ^yrkin gkturlkbs' eb`tka`s tfit tfblaspbg wis rbim k` ^yrkin i`m ictbrwirms k` tfbvuglir Iridkn 8 tfit kt wis rbim dy tfb prkbst i`m àtdy tfb mbina`' i`m tfit i maudgb k`tbrprbtitka` ac kt'a`b gktbrig i`m skepgb' tfb atfbr dy wiy ac i piripfrisb ar faekgy' wis lkvb`. Is ta tfb priybrs i`mcareugis ac vb`britka`' tfby irb' fb siys' tfb sieb kìgg tfb rktbs' i`m tb`m ta k`nugnitb k` tfbkr fbirbrs tfb`bnbsskty ac ittb`mk`l ta tfb Mkvk`b \arm' i`m idavbigg ac puttk`l kt k`ta printknb k` tfbkr gkvbs. Fbrb' car

9 êktf' Mkntkaìry ac Nfrkstki` I`tkquktkbs' kk. p. ;2;.


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2.> Mkbt. m Irnftag. nfrttkb``b bt mb Gkturlkb' Ieda' k. n. 9>>:.


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb Bist


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb \bst >+' t`binnau`t ac tfb sb`mk`l dy ^t. Oaf` Diptkst ta Obsus&^t. Eitt. xk. 4%9:+' tfb k`qukry ac tfb Obws ac Oaf`Diptkst ta h`aw kc fb wis tfb Nfrkst &^t. Oaf` k.9;%46+. Kt ks ta tfbsb tfrbb gist pissilbs tfit ifaekgy ac ^t. Lrblary tfb Lrbit rbcbrs' tfb ckrst'tfb skxtf' i`m tfb sbvb`tf. Nfrksteis Bvb rbniggstfb ippbiri`nb ac tfb i`lbg ta ^t. Oasbpf &^t. Eitt.


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb \bst %>rm'^t. Eitt' xvkkk. 4>%>2' t`b u`oust sbrvi`t wfa rbcusbmta carlkvb tfb mbdt 8 4=tf' ^t. Eitt. xxkk. 92%49'trkdutb ta Nibsir 8 42tf' ^t Eitt. kx. 96%44' tfb kssubac dgaam' i`m Oikrus miulftbr 8 43tf' ^t. Eirh xkk.>6%>=' tfb b`m ac tkeb 8 tfb ^u`miy keebmkitbgyprbnbmk`l Imvb`t' ^t. Oaf` vk. 2%9=' eugtkpgknitka`


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6a ]fb Gbntkaìryac drbim. Naepirk`l tfks gkst wktf tfb laspbgs acaur priybr%daahs ar Taei` ekssigs' tfb rbimbr ni`sbb biskgy tfit tfb mkccbrb`nb na`sksts k` i sgklftnfi`lb ac armbr' igtfaulf tfb pbrknapbs irb tfb sieb.]fb =:tf' >3tf' i`m >=tf faekgkbs ac tfb naggbntkaàc ^t. Lrblary narrbspa`m ta tfb 4`m' >rm' i`m =tfû`miys.\fb` a`b gaahs earb ngasbgy k`ta tfks gkst acpbrknapbs ac Durnfirm s Bvi`lbgiry &M. Eark`' TbvubDb`bm.' 96;>' p. 99> i`m caggawk`l+' i`m ictbrwirms itNipktugirb Bvi`lbgkarue @bipagktiì &ippb`mkx tatfb Gkdbr Naeknus pudgksfbm dy M. Eark`+' a`b biskgyàtknbs i naeea` saurnb ? saeb ac tfb pbnugkirktkbs irbtfb stary ac tfb îeirkti` waei` &^t. Oaf` kv. 2 cag.+pginbm a` tfb sbna`m û`miy ictbr Bpkpfi`y' saebspbnkig laspbgs car tfb û`miys ac Gb`t' wktf eb`tkaàc tfb prbpiritka` ac tfb nitbnfueb`s car diptkse 8car bxiepgb ? maek`kni >#quat8 quimrilbskenb qui`ma psigekinnkpku`tur &^t. Eitt. xx. k+ 8 maek`kni = qui`maaritka`be innkpku`t &^t. Eitt. vG ;+ 8 maek`kni 2#quat8qui`ma syedague innkpku`t &^t. Eitt' xxk.%xxkk.+ 8maek`kni # mb k`muglb`tki &^t. Oaf` xkk. K i`m caggawk`l+. I laam ùedbr ac pbrknapbs irb eirhbm u`mbrtfb rudrkn quatkmkiì i`m aulft ta db rbim k` tfb wbbh 8saeb irb isskl`bm ta nbrtik` cbrkis' ta nbrtik` cists'atfbrs car tfb naeea`s ac i eirtyr ar na`cbssar' atfbrscar tfb mbim. K` tfb nigb`mir' ar prapbr ac sik`ts'tfasb mkccbrb`nbs irb nfkbcgy ebt wktf wfknf fivb gbmta tfb ittrkdutka` ac a`b sunf naggbntka` ta tfb Nfurnf


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Bvi`lngirkbs ac tfb \bst 69ac Ekgi` i`m ac iàtfbr ta tfb Nfurnfbs ac Liug ar^pik`. Crae tfb ei`y eiùsnrkpts dbga`lk`l ta tfbLiggkni` Gkturly' a`b ac tfb eaìstbry ac ^t. Eirtkìt Iutu`' twa k` tfb @itkaìg Gkdriry ac Zirks' iswbgg is tfb Gbntkaìry ac Guxbukg' kt sbbes tfit iìttbept wis eimb k` Liug ta ippraxkeitb tfb tbxtsac ^pik` i`m Krbgi`m. K` tfb k`tbrbstk`l àtbs tfit M.Eark` imms ta fks pudgknitka` ac tfb Gkdbr Naeknus' inaggbntka` ac gbntka`s car tfb Nfurnf ac ]agbma' gbt ustihb tfb caggawk`l k` pissk`l? A` tfb tfkrm û`miyac Imvb`t' tfb bpksamb ac Dbtfi`y 8 tfbrb irb ckvbû`miys car tfks tkeb ac prbpiritka`' murk`l wfknfannurs i cbist k` faàur ac Eiry' tfb a`gy a`b tfittfks Nambx k`ngumbs 8 k` Gb`t' gbntka`s k` tfb wbbh' cartfb Ea`miy' \bm`bsmiy' Crkmiy' i`m îturmiy 8 a`tfb ckrst û`miy ac Gb`t' tfb stary ac tfb îeirkti`waei` ? a` tfb sbna`m' tfb ekringb ac tfb ei` dar`dgk`m 8 tfb caurtf û`miy ks àtbm k` tfb rudrkn' k`vknbskei' tfit ks ta siy' tfb twb`tkbtf miy dbcarbBistbr' i`m stkgg niggbm mb ebmki`tb mkbcbsta' dbniusb actfb pissilb ac ^t. Oaf` vkk. 9=' wfknf ks rbim a` tfitmiy 8 tfb ckctf ks niggbm mb Gizira' dbniusb tfbinnau`t ac fks rbsurrbntka` ks rbim &^t. Oaf` xk. 9%24+ 8Zige û`miy ks niggbm dy ^t. Fkgmbpfa`sus mkbsu`ntka`ks' i`m tfb pissilb rbim ks crae ^t. Oaf` xk. 22%xkk. 9 >. ]fbsb û`miys ac Gb`t fivb i laspbg pissilbmkstk`nt crae tfit ac tfb Eiss 8 tfb ]fursmiy i`mCrkmiy ac Fagy \bbh fivb i` innau`t ac tfb Zisska`carebm crae tfb tbxt ac tfb caur Laspbgs 8 tfks ks i`3


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64 ]fb Gbntkaìrybnfa ac tfb ckrst mksnaursb ac wfknf ^t. Iulustk`bspbihs k` a`b ac fks sbrea`s &sbre. 4>4+.

Murk`l Bistbr wbbh' tfb pissilbs rbim irb idauttfb Tbsurrbntka` ? ^t Eirh xvk. 9%< 8 ^t. Guhb xxkv.9>%92' xxkv. 9%94 8 ^t. Oaf` xv. 9%;' xx. 9:%96'xxk. 9%9=. A` tfb û`miys caggawk`l? tfb ippbiri`nb ta tfb Ipastgbs i`m ^t. ]faeis &^t. Oaf` xx.9;%>9+ 8 tfb pirigytkn it tfb paag ac Zraditkni &^t.Oaf` v. 9%96+8 eutuig gavb rbnaeeb`mbm &^t. Oaf`xkkk. >>~xkv. 9>+ 8 Obsus tfb trub vk`b &^t. Oaf` xv.9%92+ 8 Obsus i`àu`nbs Fks mbpirturb &^t. Oaf` xvk.)3%>>+ 8 a` tfb Isnb`ska` ks rbim tfb innau`t ac Fksgist ippbiri`nb lkvb` dy ^t. Guhb &xxkv. >3%2>+ 8û`miy wktfk` tfb antivb' tfit ac ^t. Eirh &xvk.9 2%4:+ 8 Zb`tbnast' mkvbrs pissilbs ac tfb mksnaursbictbr tfb ûppbr k` nfiptbrs xv.' xvk.' i`m xvkk. ]fb`caggaw laspbg pissilbs car nbrtik` cbists' pbrknapbs cartfb naeea` ac sik`ts' car nbrtik` nkrnuesti`nbs' tfbna`sbnritka` ac i nfurnf' tfb gkti`kbs. îvb car saebpginbs ekssk`l' tfb sbrkbs ac twb`ty%caur û`miysictbr Zb`tbnast ks lkvb` u`mbr tfb rudrkn mb maek`knksquatkmkiàsW pissilbs crae ^t. Eittfbw crae tfb 9stta tfb 3tf û`miy? v. 9 8 vkkk. 9%9>8vkkk. 9=%438 xxkv. >%>38 vkk. 94%498 crae ^t. Eirhcrae tfb 2%==8 v. 49%>98x. 99 8 x. =3%24 8 crae ^t. Guhb crae tfb ratf tatfb 44`m 8 k` tfks sbt tfb û`miys' kv. >9' v.' vk.' vkk.'caggaw binf atfbr up tkgg tfb K=tf û`miy 8 a` tfb9 2tf û`miy' tfb piridgb ac tfb pramklig sa`' xv.


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb \bst 6>99%>48 tfb k3tf' tfb piridgb ac tfb wknhbm rknfei`' xvk. kp%xvkk. = 8 K%=6 8 xvkk. 9>%9;.\b ma àt hàw wfy' k` tfks manueb`t' tfb û`miysictbr Bpkpfi`y irb wi`tk`l. ]fus' k` tfb wfagb actfb \bst' wb ck`m tfb laspbg gbntka`s arli`kzbm' i`m'crae tfb mkccbrb`t manueb`ts tfit pist ilbs fivbdbqubitfbm ta aur gkturlksts' kt sbbes tfit i gk`b acu`kty ei`kcbstbm ktsbgc i`m prbpirbm tfb u`kcarektyac gitbr tkebs.

Nbrbea`kig adsbrvbmcar tfb Gbntka`' K` tfb \bst'is k` tfb Bist' lrbit wbrb tfb eirhs ac rbspbnt tawirms tfb laspbg tbxt' crae birgkbst tkebs. Arklb`'^t. Obraeb' ^t. Iulustk`b' ta eb`tka` saeb ac tfbGitk` Citfbrs k` pissk`l' issurb us tfit is lrbitfaàurs wbrb pikm ta kt is ta tfb Fagy Bunfirkst.]fbrb ks àtfk`l ista`ksfk`l k` tfb eamkcknitka` actfb printknb ac wfknf ^t. Nyprki` spbihs' dy wfknfwfit wis prkektkvbgy iggawbm ta skepgb gbntars ksàw rbsbrvbm ta tfb mbina`. ]fb Ipastagkn Na`stktutka`s' daah kk. nf. Kvkk. ' spbih ac tfks rbsbrvb 8 ^t.Obraeb spbihs ac kt k` a`b ac fks gbttbrs ta îdk`ki`&Bpkst. ;>+ 8 ^t. Kskmarb tfb sieb &Bpkst. im Gbumb%


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6= ]fb Gbntkaìrycrbmue' Z.G. ' t. Kxxxkk. n. 6;2+. I nau`nkg acSiksa`' fbgm k` 24;' lkvbs tfks prkvkgblb is tfb eatkvbac atfbr cu`ntka`s ittrkdutbm ta tfb mbina` ? #quat8 ^tprbsdytbr' igkqui k`ckrektitb prafkdb`tb' pbr sbkpsue à`patbrkt prbmknitb' si`ntarue Zitrue faekgknb i mki%na`kdus rbnktb`tur' sk b`ke mkl`k su`t mkina`bs quamNfrkstus k` bvi`lbgka ganutus bst gblbrbPquirb k`mkl`koumk%nb`tur si`ntarue Zitrue bxpasktka`bs pudgknb rbnktirb#quat8Zrkektkvbgy' kt ks trub' tfb armkìtka` ac tfb mbina`mkm àt k`ngumb tfb trimktka` ac tfb Daah ac tfb Laspbgs&tfks mkm àt k`vigkmitb i pawbr bgsbwfbrb rbnal`kzbmi`m usbm+' dut' kc wb eiy sa bxprbss kt' tfb Armkìgswkgg vbry saa` eihb laam tfks mbcbnt. ]fb \ksklatfGkdbr armkùe &i eiùsnrkpt ac tfb bgbvb`tf nb`turypudgksfbm dy M. Cbratk`+ siys tfit tfb Laspbg kslkvb` ta tfb mbina` dy tfb dksfap it tfb armkìtka`wktf tfks careugi ? Bnnb Bvi`lbgkue Nfrkstk' innkpb'bx qua i`ù`tkbs daìe lritkie ckmbgk papuga. #quat8 ]fbmanueb`ts rbcbrrbm ta curtfbr dinh &crae tfb GkdbrNaeknus pudgksfbm dy M. Eark`+ eb`tka` tfb cint tfita` nbrtik` miys tfbrb wbrb twa gbntka`s ac tfb Laspbg'ac wfknf a`b wis car Eitk`s i`m tfb atfbr car tfbEiss? i ei`kcbst praac tfit tfb Laspbg pbrknapb cklurbmit tfb accknb is wbgg is it tfb nbgbdritka` ac tfb fagyeystbrkbs 8 wb hàw' earbavbr' crae tfb Armk`bsTaei`k &Eirtk`k i`m Muri`m' ]fbsiurus àv. i`bnmat.'v. 9:>+ tfit tfb printknb bxkstbm k` tfb \bst. Earbactb`' it tfb Taei` Eitk`s' tfb Laspbg pbrknapb actfb narrbspa`mk`l Eiss wis rbim k` kts b`tkrbty.


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb \bst 62\fb` ^t. Db`bmknt arli`kzbm tfb gbssa`s ac tfbeaìstkn accknb' fb taah is i eambg tfb armbr acdkdgknig gbntka`s rbim it Eiss' vkz. ? i pissilb craetfb Zrapfbts' i pissilb ac tfb Ipastgb' i pissilb actfb Laspbg. ]fks gittbr wis pradidgy idrkmlbm k` tfbTaei` Drbvkiry dy ^t. Lrblary SKK. 9

Car tfb Fklf Eiss' tfb Arma Taeiùs lkvbs tfbcaggawk`l nbrbea`kig car tfb sk`lk`l ac tfb Laspbg ?]fb mbina` fivk`l hkssbm tfb cbbt ac tfb nbgbdri`ti`m ishbm fks dgbssk`l' labs ta tfb igtir' tihbs tfbdaah crae wfknf fb ks lak`l ta sk`l tfb Laspbg'hkssbs kt' riksbs kt up' i`m fagmk`l kt pirtgy a` fks gbctsfaugmbr labs ta tfb ieda. ]wa sudmbina`s prbnbmbfke wktf a`b ar twa nb`sbrs 8 iàtfbr sudmbina`caggaws ictbr ta put k` k`nb`sb crae tkeb ta tkeb.A` irrkvk`l it tfb ieda tfb inagytbs dbirk`l tfbni`mgbs sbpiritb sa is ta iggaw tfb twa sudmbina`si`m tfb mbina` wktf tfb Laspbg ta piss dbtwbb` tfbe.]fb sudmbina`s wigh k` cra`t wktf tfbkr nb`sbrs'isnb`m tfb ieda dy a`b skmb i`m naeb maw` dy tfbatfbr' wfb` tfby rbeik` it tfb caat ac tfb stikrs 8 tfbsudmbina` wfa fis àt i nb`sbr tur`s fkesbgc tawirmstfb mbina`' puts carwirm fks gbct ire' a` wfknf tfbmbina` rbsts tfb Laspbg tfit tfb sudmbina` eiypak`t aut ta fke wfit fb aulft ta rbim. Fb ictbrwirms isnb`ms tfb ieda' i`m' pgink`l tfb daah aì fklf gbntbr`' fb sk`ls ? Maekùs vadksnue. Igg

9 M. Diuebr' Fkstakrb mb Drtvkikrb' tri`sgitbm dy M. Dkra`' k.p. >;3.


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63 ]fb Gbntkaìryi`swbr ? Bt nue spkrktu tua. ]fb Laspbg dbk`l su`l'tfb mbina` naebs maw` crae tfb ieda' i`m fb wfaks cink`l fke rbnbkvbs tfb daah ac tfb Laspbgs 8fagmk`l kt k` cra`t ac fke' fb keebmkitbgy tihbs kt tatfb dksfap i`m tfb prkbst ta hkss.#quat8 g âeb iìgalausrktbs irb rbim ac k` tfb nbrbea`kig ac Ekgi`.]fb Arma Taeiùs sbnu`mus &Euritark' gan. nkt.'

p. 9:9:+ imms saeb mbtikgs ? ]fb mbina` ictbr Maekùsvadksnue . . . siys ? ^bqub`tki ^. Bv.#iep8lt8 btn. . . . i`meihbs tfb skl` ac tfb Nrass a` fks carbfbim i`m drbist'wfknf igg tfb issksti`ts igsa ma 8 binf puts maw` tfbsticc a` wfknf fb rbsts ta priy sti`mk`l' i`m ictbrwirms u`navbrs 8 tfb mbina` tur`s ta tfb sautf i`migg gaah it fke' tfb inagytbs put maw` tfbkr gklftbmtarnfbs. ]fb Laspbg dbk`l b`mbm' tfb issksti`tsilik` eihb tfb skl` ac tfb Nrass. . . . ]fb Iedraski`rktb k`tramunbs tfb bxprbsska` Maekùs Obsus ta mbsklìtb tfb îvkaur &Eidkgga`' Eus. KtiG' p. 9:2+.It Taeb' tfb Laspbg' gkhb tfb atfbr gbssa`s' wissaebtkebs rbim k` Gitk` i`m Lrbbh' àt a`gy tasitkscy fbirbrs tighk`l k` mkccbrb`t mkigbnts' dut igsa tasfaw tfb uì`kekty ac dbgkbc iea`l tfbe &sbb ArmaTaeiùs' k. @a. =:' i`m Ieigirkus s àtb k` Euritark'p. ;i' Z% ;;=%


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Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb \bst 6+ F ? I Faekgiry wktf i`nkb`t Bpkstagiry bmktbm

dy tfb ^pi`kirm @u`bz k` 924


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YA ]fb Gbntkaìry]aeeisk a` tfbsb manueb`ts' wb fivb'#quat8 siys Sbzzazk'#quat8 naepirbm tfit ac i eiùsnrkpt ac tfb Nfurnf niggbmDkrtkra`b`sks' wfknf sbbes ta la dinh ta tfb dblk``k`lac tfb tb`tf nb`tury.#quat8 ]fb Gbntkaìry is bstidgksfbmu`mbr tfbsb na`mktka`s rbprbsb`ts' tfbrbcarb' tfb stitbac tfb gbntka`s ac tfb Eiss' sunf is tfb Taei` Nfurnfprintksbm tfbe murk`l earb tfi` skx nb`turkbs' craetfb tb`tf ta tfb sbvb`tbb`tf. ]fks bedrinbs àt a`gytfb pbrkam ac tfb eiùsnrkpts tfit wb irb stumyk`l' duttfit ac tfb pgbìry ekssigs i`m tfb birgy prk`tbm daahs.

4. Bfrb`sdbrlbr' wfa pudgksfbm i vagueb a` tfbgkturlknig eiùsnrkpts ac tfb Sitkni` Gkdriry&Crkdaurl'96;


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Lb`brig Lgi`nb it tfb Manueb`ts ;9tkeb up ta tfb 42tf û`miy ictbr Zb`tbnast' k`ngumk`l tfb gbssa`s car tfb \bm`bsmiys i`m Crkmiys.]fb` caggaw tfb û`miys ac Imvb`t' ta tfb ùedbrac ckvb &\bm`bsmiys i`m Crkmiys+ 8 ictbr tfit' tfbvatkvb eissbs i`m tfb eissbs ac Naeea`s.

&4+ Bpkstagiry ac tfb Sitkni`' @a. 6


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;4 ]fb Gbntkaìry]fb û`miys ac Imvb`t' wktf tfb gbssa`s car tfb\bm`bsmiys i`m Crkmiys i`m car tfb Yuituar]bepari. I` k`sbrtbm pilb dbirs tfb mitb ek'ckvb ybirs ictbr tfb cau`mitka` ac tfb eaìstbry acGuxfbke k` tfb mkanbsb ac Ebtz 8 iàtfbr gbic tbggs ustfit tfb naggbntka` fis dbb` rbstarbm' ictbrwirmsbedbggksfbm dy tfb Zrkar ac Guxfbke k` 92::' iti` bxpb`mkturb ac idaut bklfty cgark`s. âeb immktka`s fivb dbb` eimb k` tfb eirlk`s ac tfb gbivbs'kgguekìtka`s i`m nagaurbm mbskl`s &tfb I`ù`nkitka`' Nfrksteis' mbsnb`t ac Nfrkst k`ta Gkeda' tfbwaeb` it tfb ^bpugnfrb' tfb Isnb`ska`' Obsus a`Fks tfra`b' tfb ippirktka` ac tfb Irnfi`lbg Lidrkbgta _infiry' i`m tfb ìtkvkty ac ^t. Oaf` Diptkst+.

&2+ Gbntkaìry ac tfb Eiss' Zigitk`b' @a. 2:4'eiùsnrkpt ac tfb caurtbb`tf nb`tury. Zrapbr ac tfbtkeb ? Bpkstgbs i`m Laspbgs car igg tfb û`miys' car tfb\bm`bsmiys i`m Crkmiys ac Imvb`t' car igg tfb miysac Gb`t &tfb lrimuigs i`m atfbr pirts wfknf irb su`lirb àtbm+. Satkvb eissbs. Zrapbr ac îk`ts.Naeea` ac îk`ts. Dbiutkcug dk`mk`l 8 typb ac tfbk`tbrebmkiry daah dbtwbb` tfb Gbntkaìry i`mnaepgbtb Ekssig.]fbrb caggaws k` Bfrb`sdbrlbr i gkst ac naepgbtb

ekssigs' ac wfknf tfb agmbst ks ac tfb bgbvb`tf nb`tury.4. ]FB BSI@LBGITKB^

k. \b eust fbrb mriw i mkstk`ntka` dbtwbb` tfbBvi`lbgirkbs i`m tfb Zgbìrkues. Is i cint' k` tfb


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Lb`brig Lgi`nb it tfb Manueb`ts ;>`k`tf nb`tury' i `bw gkturlknig naggbntka`' k` wfknftfb Laspbg cau`m i pginb' fim igrbimy eimb ktsippbiri`nb 8 tfks ks tfb Zgbìrkue' tfb arklk` ac tfb 'naepgbtb ekssigs wfknf wb àw usb. I wkt`bssta kts bxkstb`nb ks cau`m k` i` k`struntka` ac ZapbGba KS. &6=3+. 9 Lbrdbrt&Mksquksktka' KK. k. 4;' p. 9:6+ tfk`hs tfit prkektkvbgytfb Zgbìrkue wis i înrieb`tiry lkvk`l tfb eissbscar binf miy i`m àt car tfb û`miy a`gy. K`mbbm'dbcarb tfks tkeb' k` tfb nfurnfbs ac Liug tfb gbssa`s&Bpkstgbs i`m Laspbgs+' wktfaut tfb i`tfbes' wbrbsaebtkebs put k` tfb înrieb`tiry ? M. Eidkgga`lkvbs us i` bxiepgb k` tfb înrieb`tirkue Liggkniùewfknf fb pudgksfbm &Eusnbue Ktigknue' p. 4


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;= ]fb GbntkaìryEirtk` ac ]aurs. 9 ]fbrb ks bvb` i wbklfty apk`ka`wfknf na`skmbrs Ignuk` ta db tfb iutfar ac tfbLrblarki` rbvkska` car tfb Liugs ? k` tfks nisb tfbNirgavk`lki` nfurnfbs waugm fivb rbnbkvbm tfbkrEkssig crae fke' i warh skepgkckbm gitbr a` ta tfbmbtrkeb`t ac fkstarknig bxintktumb. 4

]fus' murk`l tfb caggawk`l nb`turkbs' tfb Ekssigsfaugm db na`skmbrbm piriggbg wktf tfb Bvi`lbgiry' istfb naggbntka` na`tik`k`l tfb Laspbg pissilbs ac tfbgkturly 8 k`sb`skdgy' kt dbnieb tfb earb mkccusbm actfb twa' u`tkg tfb miy wfb` kt igeast naepgbtbgysuppgi`tbm kts rkvig.

4. Is ta tfb Bvi`lbgirkbs ac igg tfks pbrkam' wb eustprk`nkpiggy rbgy a` tfb iutfarkty i`m naepbtb`nbac tfb Dgbssbm ]aeeisk. ]fks sbvb`tbb`tf%nb`turyiutfar' i ]fbitk`b nirmkìg' dbitkckbm dy Zkus SKK.' fiseklftkgy na`trkdutbm ta tfb pralrbss ac gkturlknighàwgbmlb dy fks pudgknitka`s i`m fks i`àtitka`s a`tfb eaùeb`ts ac tfb \bstbr` gkturly &Lub#quat8ri`lbr'K`stkt. Gkturl.' tar`. kk. p. 9:>+8 wb fivb hbpt dinhtfb eb`tka` ac fks warh u`tkg tfb eaeb`t wfb`' a`tfb bvkmb`nb fb iccarms' wb ni` rbcbr tfb rbimbr dinhta intuiggy bxkstk`l eiùsnrkpts' tfit fb fis fkesbgc'it gbist k` pirt' utkgkzbm car fks warh ac sy`tfbsks.

>. R`mbr tfb fbimk`l ac tfb Nipktugiry ac tfb9 ^bb Z.G.' t. nk. n. ==2 i`m caggawk`l' i`m tfb imvbrtksbeb`t

wfknf prbnbmbs' n. =>;%==2.4 ^bb' k` tfb Mkbt' m1Irnftagalkb nfrttkb``b bt mb Gkturlkb'

tfb irtkngb a` Ignuk`' t. k. n. 9:


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Lb`brig Lgi`nb it tfb Manueb`ts ;2Laspbgs' ]aeeisk &tar`. v. ac fks warhs' p. =4;+ k`mknitbs tfb manueb`ts crae wfknf fb bstidgksfbm tfbmkstrkdutka` ac tfb Laspbg pbrknapbs ? tfb bùebritkaìga`b spbihs ac tfb sagkmkty ac fks warh ?

I. Nambx Sitkniùs' @a. => 8 i`m D. N. Zigitkùs'@a. 2:' k` Dkdgkatf. Sitkn. ? Sbzzazk' tfb pudgksfbri`m i`àtitar ac ]aeeisk s warhs' siys tfby dbga`lta tfb tkeb ac Nfirgbeil`b ar Zb#quat8pk` 8 tfby na`tik`tfb ^titka`s ac Taeb' siys ]aeeisk.

N. Nambx ac ^t. Lb`bvkbvb ac Zirks' pudgksfbm dyCra`ta` k` 9324 &^tit Tae.+.

M. Gbntkaìry ac tfb Nfurnf ac Nfirtrbs' tfbna``bntka` ac wfknf wktf tfb bmktka` ac Cra`ta` i`mvirkaus atfbrs fis dbb` draulft aut dy Eidkgga`&^tit. Tae.+.

B. ]fb Nambx ac tfb Caur Laspbgs' @a. 9:' ac tfbGkdriry ac tfb Yubb` ac ^wbmb`' igsa na`tik`k`l tfb^titka`s ac Taeb.

C. ]fb Lrbit Nambx ac tfb Sitkni`' @a. 2


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;3 ]fb GbntkaìryG. Iàtfbr Nambx Sitkniùs' @a. ==' ac tfb

bgbvb`tf ar twbgctf nb`tury.E i`m @. Mua Namknbs Tblk`nb ûbnknb' @as. 9 9 i`m9=2= 8 tfb sbna`m eiy db idaut `k`tf ar tb`tfnb`tury.A i`m Z. ]wa atfbr eiùsnrkpts ac tfb Yubb` ac^wbmb`' ùedbrbm vk. i`m kk.

Y. Nambx Zigitkùs k` Sitknià' @a. ==? dbskmbs tfbLaspbgs' kt saebtkebs bvb` lkvbs tfb Bpkstgbs.

T. Eutk`b`sks nitfbmrigks bnngbsknb Nambx ? lkvbs tfbLaspbg gbssa`s car tfb eissbs.

^. Bvi`lbgiry ac tfb twbgctf nb`tury car tfbSitkni` Diskgkni' u`mbr tfb ùedbr 3' k` tfb irnfkvbsac tfb sieb diskgkni.]a tfks gkst Sbzzazk fis tfaulft ckt ta imm twa

atfbr eiùsnrkpts ac tfb Dirdbrk`b Gkdriry' a`b acwfknf' @a. 9:' Dirdbrkùsprkeus' ks tb`tf nb`tury' i`mna`tik`s tfb Laspbgs k` tfb caggawk`l armbr ? û`miysi`m cbists ac tfb ybir 8 ictbr tfb cbists saeb sik`ts.]fb atfbr' @a. 9634' Dirdbrkùs sbnu`mus' ks ac tfb`k`tf nb`tury' i`m lkvbs i cbw ac tfb cbists k` tfbkrpginb murk`l tfb ybir.

=. Gbt us fbrb àtknb tfb Bvi`lbgirkbs ar Ekssigshàw` dy earb rbnb`t warhs ?&I+ Mae Lumri`lbr' k` fks K`stktutka`s gkturlkqubs'

tar`. kkk. p. 4


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Lb`brig Lgi`nb it tfb Manueb`ts ;%94>' tfb bpkstgbs i`mlaspbgs ac tfb eissbs ac i Naeea`.


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kaa ]fb Gbntka`iryZilb 4


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Lb`brig Lgi`nb it tfb Manueb`ts 9:94. Sitkni`)' @a. 29::8 E^^. sibn. xk. ? GkttbrksDb`bvb`ti`ks Gbntka`bs bvi`lbgkirue maek`knirue

imvb`tus'cbstarue mb tbeparb bt si`ntarue pbr i`ùe.... Naeeu`ks si`ntarue.>. Kt. @a. 66;4 8 E^^. sibn. xk. ? Zrbtty `birgy

k` tfb sieb armbr is tfb prbnbmk`l. It tfb b`m a`bck`ms ? Tbnipktugitka Bvi`lbgkarue k` ìtigb sk`lu%garue si`ntarue.

=. Darlfbs' I K 8 E^^. sibn. xkk. ? Lkvbs tfb laspbggbssa`s car tfb prapbr ac tfb tkeb 8 igg tfb û`miysac tfb ybir up ta tfb twb`ty%ckctf ictbr Zb`tbnast 8crae tfb ckctf ta tfb ckrst dbcarb Nfrksteis' car iggtfb Yuimrilbskeig cbrkis 8 car tfb prapbr ac sik`ts 8gistgy' car tfb naeea` ac sik`ts wktf ùedbrs rbcbrrk`lta tfb prapbr.

2. Attada`' @a. 4;3 8 E^^. sibn. xkk.8 gkttbrks Db`bvb`ti`ks ? Dblk`s wktf tfb ckrst û`miy ac Imvb`t 8ictbr tfit' ekxbs tfb prapbr ac sik`ts wktf prapbrac tfb sbisa`' mkvkmbs tfb ybir k`ta twa ar tfrbbpbrkams.

3. Attada`' @a. 2


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KA4 ]fb Gbntka`iryIpastgb ^t. ]faeis 8 gistgy' tfb naeea` ac sik`tswktf `uedbrs rbcbrrk`l ta tfb prapbr.


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Lb`brig Lgi`nb it tfb Manueb`ts 9:>wrkttb` igg wktf lagm #quat8 &Oaf` Lilb' Mkssbrtitkaà` tfb Db`bmkntkaìg ac ^t. PBtfbgwagm'#quat8 Irnf#agalki'vag. xxkv. p. =>+.]fb iutfar ac tfbsb gk`bs ni`àt piss avbr tfb eiù

snrkpts ac tfb Lrbit ^bekìry ac Iutu`' iea`l wfknfsaeb Bvi`lbgirkbs ac mkccbrb`t bpanfs wbrb cau`m.]wa Bvi`lbgirkbs ac tfb Lrbit ^bekìry ac Iutu`'igtfaulf ac i` agmbr mitb' irb fbrb eb`tka`bm dbniusb

ac tfbkr arìeb`titka`. ]fbsb irb tfb eiùsnrkpt@a. >' k` seigg cagka a` vbggue' ac tfb bklftf nb`tury ?kt ks wrkttb` k` u`nkig gbttbrs' na`tik`k`l saeb eirlkìg àtbs k` Ebravk`lki` nfirintbrs 8 tfb ckrst pilbfis saeb bxtrbebgy nguesy ek`kiturbs wfknf rbprbsb`t aur Garm dbtwbb` twa i`lbgs niggbm nyridk` 8irau`m kt irb caur ebmiggka`s mbpkntk`l tfb ittrkdutbsac tfb Bvi`lbgksts. \fit lkvbs kt east vigub ks tfitkt ks mitbm crae tfb tfkrm ybir ac Zbpk` &


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9:= ]fb Gbntkaìry@a. 2. Bvi`lbgiry ac tfb `k`tf nb`tury' u`mbr tfks

tktgb ? Bvi`lbgki quituar nue prnbcitka`kdus bt k`mknb.@a. 3. E^^. ac tfb tb`tf nb`tury ? Bvi`lbgki btBpkstagi pbr i`ùe.

@a. 9>:. E^^. ac tfb twbgctf ar tfkrtbb`tf nb`tury ?Bvi`lbgki pbr i`ùe.

Fbrb wb eust ngasb tfks igrbimy gb`ltfy gkst ?`bnbssirkgy k`naepgbtb' kt lkvbs i` kmbi ac tfb vistckbgm stkgg u`bxpgarbm k` wfknf tfb stumb`ts ac tfbcuturb eiy bxbrnksb tfbkr intkvkty k` i warh ac naepirksa` a` tfb Laspbg pbrknapbs.

KK. MK^]TKDR]KA@ AC ]FB GB^Â@^k. ]FB GBN]KA@ITKB^

Taei` Tktb]fb naggbntka` ac ]aeeisk &tar`. v. pp. >4 9 i`m cag.+'

rbsugtk`l crae tfb naepirksa` eimb dy fke ac tfbmanueb`ts wfknf fb fim it fi`m' k`ngumbs earb tfi`2=: gbntka`s ? tfby eiy db mkvkmbm is caggaws ?

&i+ @a. 9%4>> ? Gbntka`s car tfb û`miys i`m cbrkis ac tfbybir.

&d+ @a. 4>=%4;; ? Gbntka`s car tfb Naeea` ac îk`ts.&n+ @a. >::%=;: ? Gbntka`s car tfb cbists ac tfb ybir.&m+ @a. =;9%2=:? Gbntka`s car nbrtik` nkrnuesti`nbs' is

car i mbmknitka`' armkìtka`s' mikgy eissbs' btn.@birgy igg tfb gbntka`s irb lkvb` k` tfbkr b`tkrbty'dbniusb saeb aekt i nbrtik` ùedbr ac vbrsbs ac tfbDkdgb' atfbrs irb naepasbm ac mkccbrb`t pissilbs ac^nrkpturb.


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Mkstrkdutka` ac tfb Gbssa`s 9:2]fb Gkturlknig [bir ? x ^u`miys i`m Cbrkis

Kt dblk`s wktf Nfrksteis Bvb. Car tfks vklkg' iscar tfb tfrbb eissbs ac tfb caggawk`l miy' tfb sbna`mgbntka` ks tfit ac aur Taei` Ekssig' dut tfbrb ks i ckrsttihb` crae tfb prapfbt Ksikis ? pissilbs crae nf.Kxkk.' wfbrb tfb prapfbt carbtbggs tfb naek`l l

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