bauer csm bolivia 2013-04-24

© BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen

Cutter-soil-mixing-

applications in different soils

CSM–Cutter Soil Mixing

Franz-Werner Gerressen,

Santa Cruz, 2013-04-24


.... is a combination

of the BAUER cutter technology

with rotation around horizontal

axes

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)


.... is a combination

of the BAUER cutter

technology with rotation

around horizontal axes

and conventional Soil Mixing

systems with rotation around

vertical axes


five

mixing paddles

Japan

MIP

triple auger

Germany


BCM cutting / mixing head

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - control devices

sensors for verticality in

“X” and “Y” direction

measurement technology -

quality assurance

sensor for external

pressure

other sensors:

• torque (oil pressure)

• wheel rotation

• flow and pressure of grout

• gyrocompass


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - control devices

B-Tronic screen

B-Report production log

verticality monitoring

system

production datamachine data


The CSM Methodbasic principles


cement

cemented

soil

water

soil

mixing tool

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)basic principles - working procedure


improving mechanical properties (e.g. strength, water tightness...)

Improvement of the properties of the soil by mixing a slurry into the ground

3000

basic idea

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)basic principles - working procedure

remediation of chemical containments


soil conditions

• sand/gravel

• silt

• clay

• organic soils

suitable for

retaining wall/

foundation

strength achievement

suitable for

cut-off wall

permeability

achievement

very good

limited

no major

differences

Cutter principle:

Treatment of / Embedding in hard soil layers possible

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)basic principles - soil conditions


Is it a mixable soil?

soil conditions

"No rock mixing" !

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)basic principles - soil conditions

soil is used as construction material

minimal spoil removal

vibration free method

no delivery of ready mixed concrete necessary


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)basic principles - advantages

advantages in comparison to conventional methods


The CSM Methodworking procedure


pre-excavation

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)working procedure


penetration



extraction completed



The CSM Methodequipment


Typ 1

four tooth holder - high

mixing efficiency

three tooth holder -

high loosening

capacity

Typ 2

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - cutting/mixing wheels


BG 20

depth = 13,5 m

BG 24

depth = 13,5 m

BG 28

depth = 18 m

BG 36

depth = 18 m

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - BG series


BG 28 - interlocking system

max. depth = 35 m

40250

47878CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - BG series

BG 40 - interlocking system

max. depth = 43 m


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - QuattroCutter/Side Cutter

MBG 24 with QuattroCutter - max. depth 60 m

two mixing heads placed one on top of the other: • intensive, homogeneous mixing

• high directional accuracy for big depth


Desanding unit

Agitator

tank

Mixing plant

Hose pump

Feed pump

Mobile sieve

unit

Storage tank

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)equipment components - auxiliary equipment


The CSM Methodapplications


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)applications

cut-off walls

retaining walls (often with cut-off wall function)

foundations

slope stabilization

soil improvement / soil stabilization


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)worldwide distribution


Project „New South“ Antwerp

background:

• wall surface about 3 000 m²facts retaining wall:

• new construction of an flats and offices block with

basement garage

• about 450 m far away from river Schelde

-> retaining wall with cut-off function

• wall depth up to 11.5 m; excavation depth up to 9 m

• year of execution 2007

• wall thickness 550 mm

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application example - retaining wall- RG 16 Kelly guided mixing head


The CSM Method

Advantages - by executing structural walls

Traditional DMM methods

Reinforcement is positioned only in the

centre of the columns

CSM method

Reinforcement can be positioned

anywhere within the panels

Waste

Waste

Effective section



CSM 1-phase system

reasons for using 1-phase system:

• relatively low mixing depth

• relatively simple soil conditions

1-phase system: penetration and extraction with the same cement

or cement-bentonite slurry

• no dry soil

relatively short production time per panel – no danger by initial setting of the cement



CSM 1-phase system – required equipment

Bentonitesilo

Cementsilo

Delivery-pump

Agitatorcement

Mixer

Compressor

CSM-rig

Trench

Panel

Backhoe



soil conditions - silty sand



CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application example - cut-off wall - BG 28 rope suspended mixing head

MOSE-Project Venice

• mobile high water protection of Venice lagoon background:

• cut-off wall surface about 15 000 m²facts cut-off wall:

• excavation pit for the construction of caisson for

mobile flood gates

• cut-off wall around excavation pit

• 28 m deep

• year of execution 2006

• wall thickness 640 mm


soil profil:depth [m]

0,0

-11,0

-15,0

-21,0

-26,0

sandy refilling

silty sand

clayly silt / silty clay

silty fine sand

clay-28,0



CSM 2-phase system was used

reason for using 2-phase system:

relatively high mixing depth of 28 m

relatively long production time per panel

danger of getting stuck - by initial setting of the cement

2-phase system: penetration with bentonite slurry

extraction with cement slurry



CSM 2-phase system – required equipment

Hose pump

Soil

Soil

Desander

Agitatorbentonite

Bentonitesilo

Cementsilo

Delivery-pump

Agitatorcement

Mixer

Compressor

Trench

Panel

Mobile sieve unit

CSM-rig

Scratchingbelt



used base carrier:

BAUER BG 28 V

used mixing head:

BAUER BCM 5 rope suspended



July 2007 – after dewatering

July 2006 – before dewatering



CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application example - retaining Wall with Cut-Off Function-RG 19T

Re-construction of a wastewater treatment plant - Luxembourg

• No space for excavation pits with embankments Background:

• Mixing depth between 5.5 and 11 mCSM Panels:

• Confined ground water

• Excavation depth between 3.5 and 9 m

• Year of execution 2010

• Wall thickness 550 mm, about 7000 m²

• 1.5 to 2 m socketing into shale bedrock


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application example - retaining Wall with Cut-Off Function-RG 19T


Balch Consolidation Conduit Project – Portland, USA

• Reduction of combined sewer overflow (CSO) into

the Willamette River

Background:

• Mixing depth between 14 and 27 mCSM Panels:

• 5 shafts as jacking / retrieval shafts for tunnel

boring machine

• Excavation depth between 9.1 and 24.1 m

• Completed 2009 - 2010

• Wall thickness between 1000 mm and about 1800 mm

• Extreme difficult soil conditions

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application example - Shafts - BG 40


-8,0

-26,0-27,0

stratified sand and silt alluvial

gravel alluvial with cobbles and

boulders

sand with gravel

0,0

-1,0

miscellaneuos fill Depth [m]

Gravel alluvial

with cobbles & boulders

Stratified

sand and silt alluvial



Base carrier:

BAUER BG 40 V

Mixing head:

BAUER BCM 10 Kelly guided

Maximum possible mixing depth by

Kelly guided BCM is 43 m



CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)additional examples for applications

additional examples for applications

© BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen50

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Vittorio Veneto (Italy)

retaining wall

about 2.500 m²

550 mm wall thickness,

max. 12 m panel depth

soil conditions

sand

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - retaining walls + uplift retention

specific feature

barrets for tie downs made with

CSM panels


Vittorio Veneto

(Italy)

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - retaining walls + uplift retention


Vancouver (Canada)

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - foundations - RG19


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - slope stabilization - RG 25S

Barrets


14 m max. panel depth

partly reinforced with steel pipes

Portugal


CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - soil stabilization - BG 40 - BCM 10

Culver City (California, USA)

Soil stabilisation for Cast-in-drilled-hole piles

(CIDH piles); Ø = 4.6 m up to 34.1 m deep


panel layout


12

3

4

5

6

7

8



0.0

-2,0

-4,0

-6,0

-8,0

-10,0

-12,0

-14,0

-16,0

-34,1

clay

(medium stiff)

sandy silt

(medium dense)

clayey silt

(very stiff)

clayey silt

(very stiff to hard)

depth [m]

www.malcolmdrilling.com





www.malcolmdrilling.comwww.malcolmdrilling.com



Bologna (Italy) soil stabilization

approx. 100.000 m²


23 m panel depth (mainly clay)

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - soil stabilization - BG28 + RG25


diaphragm wall

CSM panels

CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)application - soil stabilization - BG28 + RG25

Bologna (Italy)


Cutter-soil-mixing-

applications in different soils

CSM–Cutter Soil Mixing

Franz-Werner Gerressen,

Santa Cruz, 2013-04-24

bauer csm bolivia 2013-04-24

Engineering

bauer cutter technology

mixable soil

schrobenhausen11 soil

bauer cuttertechnology

soil conditionsno rock

conventional methods

rotationaround horizontal

external pressureother