bc5. ezekiel part 1
DESCRIPTION
The first part of the material on Ezekiel for my course on the OT prophets as part of Bible & Culture 2010.TRANSCRIPT
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EZEKIEL
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The importance of Ezekiel can hardly be overstressed.
Henry McKeating, Ezekiel
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1What is the historical context?
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Setting
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30th year of Ezekiel’s life
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… when he should have started as a priest
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5th year of Jehoiachin’s exile = 593 BC
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Six years before the fall of Jerusalem
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5th day of 4th month = 31 July
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Dates in Ezekiel
1:2
8:1
20:1
24:1
26:1
29:1
29:17
July 593
September 592
August 591
January 588
587
December 588
April 571
30:20
31:1
32:1
32:17
33:21
40:1
March 587
May 587
February 585
March 585
January 585
April 573
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A people in exile
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surrounded by pagan religion
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cut off from the city
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cut off from the temple
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cut off from the land
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experiencing God’s judgment
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defeated + displaced
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disillusioned + discouraged
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Exile was not simply displacement from the land, but it was the experience of the end of creation, the exhaustion of salvation history, the demise of king, temple, city, land and all those supports which gave structure and meaning to life.
Walter Breuggemann, ‘Weariness, Exile and Chaos’
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2How does the prophet present his message?
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structure
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I. Judgment on Jerusalem
4:1 – 24:27
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II. Oracles against nations
25:1 – 32:32
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III. Restoration
33:1 – 48:35
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I. Judgment on Jerusalem
•The vision of God’s glory (1:1–28)
•Ezekiel’s commission (2:1 – 3:27)
•The coming fate of Jerusalem (4:1 – 7:27)
• Jerusalem’s sin; God’s glory departs(8:1 – 11:25)
•Reasons for the exile (12:1 – 24:27)
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II. Oracles against nations
•Oracles against Ammon, Moab, Edom, Philistia (25:1–17)
•Oracles against Tyre and Sidon (26:1 – 28:23)
• Israel’s restoration (28:24–26)
•Oracles against Egypt (29:1 – 32:32)
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III. Restoration
•Ezekiel call renewed (33:1–20)
• Jerusalem falls; oracles of salvation; vindication of Israel (33:21 – 37:28)
•God’s future victory over nations (38:1 – 39:29)
•God’s glory returns; a renewed city, temple and land (40:1 – 48:35)
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genres
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The vision of God’s glory
1:1–28
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30
Majesty
Holiness
Glory
Activity
Awesomeness
Movement
Beauty
SplendourPower
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Lord of the
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Cherubim
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An encounter with God shapes everything
33
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Ezekiel’s commission
2:1 – 3:27
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?What repetitions (words/ideas/etc.) does Ezekiel use in 1:28 – 3:15?
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36
Ezekiel’s call2:1-3:27
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37
Expect a difficult audience
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38
Don’t be afraid of hostility
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Go against the flow
39
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Speak my words
40
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God has work for you to do
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‘Hear the word I speak’ (3:17)
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‘Give them warning from me’ (3:17)
43
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What main problems does the prophet diagnose?
44
3
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Ezekiel 4–5
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?Ezekiel 4:1–5:4
What does all this symbolism represent?
How would people have reacted?
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?What theological perspectives does Ezekiel give?
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Ezekiel 6–7
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Parallelism
50
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SynonymousParallelism
51
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I have swept your offenses like a cloud,your sins like the morning mist.
Isaiah 44:22
52
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Then I shall turn your festivals into mourningAnd all your songs into lamentation.
Amos 8:10
53
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He will judge between many peoplesand will settle disputes for strong nations far and wide.
They will beat their swords into plowsharesand their spears into pruning hooks.
Nation will not take up sword against nation,nor will they train for war anymore.
54
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SyntheticParallelism
55
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The swift will not escape, The strong will not muster their escape, And the warrior will not save his life.
Amos 2:14
56
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Fallen is virgin Israel, never to rise again, deserted in her own land, with no one to help her up
Amos 5:2
57
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O Lord, how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hearOr cry to you ‘Violence!’ and you will not save?
Habakkuk 1:2
58
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InvertedParallelism
59
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Ephraim will not be jealous of Judah, nor Judah hostile toward Ephraim.
Isaiah 11:13
60
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AntitheticalParallelism
61
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They do not cry out to me from their hearts,but wail upon their beds.
Hosea 7:14
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All the nations may walkin the name of their gods;
we will walk in the name of the LORDour God for ever and ever.
Micah 4:5
63
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Repetition
64
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•Leitwort
•Motif
•Theme
•Sequence of actions
•Type-scene
65
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Inclusion
66
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Chiasm
67
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68
A
A’
B
B’
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‘I also raised up prophets from among your children
And Nazirites from among your youths.Is this not true, people of Israel,’ declares the LORD.
‘But you made the Nazirites drink wineAnd commanded the prophets not to prophesy.’
69
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God’s glory departs(8–11)
70
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?What is the progression within this section?
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God is offended by idolatry at the heart of his people
chapter 8
72
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God avenges his glory
chapter 9
73
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Jerusalem residents are complacent
chapter 11
74
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God’s glory moves out from the centre of worship
chapter 10
75
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. . . and towards the exiles
chapter 10–11
76
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Reasons for the exile
12:1 – 24:27
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Ezekiel 12
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Ezekiel 13
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judgment on false prophets
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Ezekiel 14
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Noah, Danel, JobNoah, Daniel, Job
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Ezekiel 16
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?Read Ezekiel 16:1-14
How does God show his grace and generosity?
Read 16:15-22
How does Israel respond? Why?
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Jerusalem’s origins
16:1-5
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Abandoned
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Neglected
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Despised
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Facing death
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God’s grace
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Rescues the baby from death
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Gives life
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Gives growth
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Shows grace to the undeserving
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God’s generosity
16:8–14
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Betrothal (8)
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Married (8)
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Cared for (9)
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Showered with gifts (10-13)
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Made famous (14)
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Made perfectly beautiful (15)
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Jerusalem’s response
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ingratitude
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trusting in her own beauty
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unfaithfulness
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prostitution
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Figures of speech
107
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Simile
108
Comparing one thing with something else
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I will make your forehead like the hardest stone, harder than flint.
Ezekiel 3:9
109
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Your prophets, Israel, are like jackals among ruins.
Ezekiel 13:4
110
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Judah's leaders are like those who move boundary stones. I will pour out my wrath on them like a flood of water.
Hosea 5:10
111
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Metaphor
112
Associating something with another object or concept to which it is not related
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You have not gone up to the breaches in the wall to repair it for the house of Israel so that it will stand firm in the battle on the day of the LORD.
Ezekiel 13:5
113
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Your ancestry and birth were in the land of the Canaanites; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite. On the day you were born, your cord was not cut, nor were you washed with water to make you clean, nor were you rubbed with salt or wrapped in cloths. . . .
Ezekiel 16:3–4
114
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Metonymy
115
A related word is used to represent the person/object/concept
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And the glory of the LORD was standing there, like the glory I had seen by the Kebar River, and I fell facedown.
Ezekiel 3:23
116
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Do not be afraid of them or terrified by them, though they are a rebellious house.
Ezekiel 3:9
117
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Shall we rejoice in the sceptre of my royal son? The sword despises every such stick.
Ezekiel 21:10
118
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I did it to keep my name from being profaned in the eyes of the nations . . .
Ezekiel 20:9
119
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The voice of the LORD will shatter Assyria;with his rod [sceptre] he will strike them down.
Isaiah 30:31
120
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Synecdoche
121
A part stands for the whole
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Son of man, set your face against the mountains of Israel; prophesy against them and say, ‘You mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Sovereign Lord. . . .’
Ezekiel 6:2–3
122
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My hand will be against the prophets who see false visions and utter lying divinations.
Ezekiel 13:9
123
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My righteousness draws near speedily,my salvation is on the way,and my arm will bring justice to the nations.The islands will look to meand wait in hope for my arm.
Isaiah 51:5
124
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Personification
125
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Son of man, set your face against the mountains of Israel; prophesy against them and say, ‘You mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Sovereign Lord. . . .’
Ezekiel 6:2–3
126
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Slash to the right, you sword, then to the left,
wherever your blade is turned.Ezekiel 21:16
127
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You will go out in joy And be led forth in peace;The mountains and hills will burst into song before you,and all the trees of the field will clap their hands
Isaiah 55:12
128
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Irony
129
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As for you, house of Israel, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: go and serve your idols, every one of you!
Ezekiel 20:39
130
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‘Go to Bethel and sin;go to Gilgal and sin yet more.Bring your sacrifices every morning,your tithes every three years.Burn leavened bread as a thank offeringand brag about your freewill offerings—boast about them, you Israelites,for this is what you love to do,’declares the Sovereign LORD.
Amos 4:4–5
131
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Hyperbole
132
An extreme exaggeration
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Because of all your detestable idols, I will do to you what I have never done before and will never do again.
Ezekiel 5:9
133
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Cursed be the day I was born!May the day my mother bore me not be blessed! Cursed be the man who brought my father the news,who made him very glad, saying,‘A child is born to you – a son!’
Jeremiah 20: 14–15
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adultery
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Genesis 2:23–24Ephesians 5:31–32
Revelation 21:1–10
Numbers 15:37–41
Hosea 1:1–3:5Jeremiah 2–3Ezekiel 16, 23
Exclusive, intimate covenant
The ultimate marriage
Forgetfulness leads to prostitution
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exclusive, intimate covenantGenesis 2:23–24; Ephesians 5:31–32
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ultimate marriageRevelation 21:1–10
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forgetfulness leads to prostitutionNumbers 15:37–41
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God’s judgment
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Allowing his people to make themselves a disgrace before
the nations
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Bringing down on their own heads what they have done
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Jerusalem’s lovers will be the agents of God’s judgment
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Grace
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Punishment
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dealing with the people as they deserve
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God will remember the covenant
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God will make atonement
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God is doing this for his own sake
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Ezekiel 17
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•Allegory
•Eagle – Nebuchadnezzar
•The shoot – Jehoiachin, exiled 597
•The seedling – Zedekiah, attempting to get help from Egypt for a rebellion
•He will be uprooted, exiled and killed
•God will plant a new king on a high mountain
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Ezekiel 18
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prophetic dispute
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•Opinion – ‘We are being punished for the sin of our parents’ generation’
•Refutation – This generation is paying for its own sin
•Repentance is possible – leads to life
•A new heart and new spirit
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Ezekiel 20
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Dates in Ezekiel
1:2
8:1
20:1
24:1
26:1
29:1
29:17
31 July 593
17 September 592
14 August 591
15 January 588
587
December 588
571
30:20
31:1
32:1
32:17
33:21
40:1
March 587
May 587
February 585
March 585
8 January 585
573
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•Very negative version of Israel’s history
•The punishment they have deserved has been delayed
• Judgment = second exodus; purging
•God’s motivation is the honour of his name among the nations (9, 14, 22, 39, 41, 44)
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?Identify the figures of speech in Ezekiel 21
?
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Ezekiel 24
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Dates in Ezekiel
1:2
8:1
20:1
24:1
26:1
29:1
29:17
31 July 593
17 September 592
14 August 591
15 January 588
587
December 588
571
30:20
31:1
32:1
32:17
33:21
40:1
March 587
May 587
February 585
March 585
8 January 585
573
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•Different use of cooking pot metaphor – now expression of judgment
•God’s patience has finally come to an end
•Symbolic action (15–27)
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Ezekiel 25–32
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oracles against the nations