bcco pct #4 powerpoint and intermediate cit course tcole course # 3841 texas commission on law...

BCCO PCT #4 PowerPointBCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint

AND

Intermediate CIT Course TCOLE Course

# 3841Texas Commission On Law Enforcement

UNIT SIXThrough

UNIT EIGHT

2

Unit Goal: 6.0Internalize the ccrisis iintervention skills involved in communicating with individuals with a mentalmental illnessillness.

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6.1 Basic 6.1 Basic StrategiesStrategies for for Communicating in Communicating in CrisisCrisis Situation Situation

1.1. StayStay calmcalm - breathe deeply to become calmer

2. 2. Be patientpatient - avoidavoid “crowding” the individual, give them time to calm give them time to calm downdown

3. 3. DoubleDouble--checkcheck information by restating what you hear

4. 4. Use the individual’s namename in talking to them

5. 5. Give instructionsinstructions or directivesdirectives one at a time, and allow allow timetime for the person to for the person to complycomply

6. 6. The size and age of a person with mental illness has little to do with whether a back-up officer should be called

7. 7. Remember that a person with a mental illness may exhibit extraordinary strength

8. 8. Engagement is pivotal - keep trying

9. 9. Don’t underestimate the power of hallucinations or delusions - they are real from the individual’s point of view and can be very frightening, so try to be understanding

10. 10. Never argue about a delusion, since arguing only solidifies the conviction - simply accept and move on

11. 11. Ask about treatment in the past - sometimes that can help with offering potential solutions to the current situation

12. 12. Remember that psychiatric medications have side effects that make them hard to take

13. 13. Don’t express disapproval

14. 14. Persons in mental health crisis need more personal space - watch for cues

6.1 Basic 6.1 Basic StrategiesStrategies for Communicating in for Communicating in CrisisCrisis Situation Situation

ContinuedContinued

6. 6. The sizesize and ageage of a person with mental illness mental illness has little to do with whether a back-up officer back-up officer should should be calledbe called

7. 7. Remember that a person with a mental illness mental illness may exhibit extraordinaryextraordinary strengthstrength


ContinuedContinued

8. 8. EngagementEngagement is pivotalpivotal - keep trying

9. 9. Don’t underestimateunderestimate the power power of hallucinations or delusionsof hallucinations or delusions - they are realreal from the individual’s point of view and can be very frightening, so try to be understanding


ContinuedContinued

10. 10. NeverNever argueargue about a delusiondelusion, since arguing only solidifies the conviction - simply accept and move on


ContinuedContinued

11. 11. Ask about treatmenttreatment in the past - sometimes that can help with offering potential solutions to the potential solutions to the current situationcurrent situation

12. 12. Remember that psychiatric psychiatric medications have side effects medications have side effects that make them hard to take


ContinuedContinued

13. 13. Don’t expressexpress disapprovaldisapproval

14. 14. Persons in mental health mental health crisis crisis need more personal spacespace - watch for cueswatch for cues


ContinuedContinued

6.2 Four Effective Communication 6.2 Four Effective Communication – Interaction Skills– Interaction Skills

1. 1. SafetySafety - Your personal safety personal safety comes firstcomes first.

a. a. ControlControl the surroundings.

b. b. RemoveRemove harmful obstacles harmful obstacles from the surroundings.

2. 2. Crisis factsCrisis facts - The person in distressdistress is usually excited, alarmed, or confused.

a. a. ControlControl is very important to persons in crisiscrisis.

b. b. When people feel corneredcornered, which translates to lack of control, they may respond with sudden violencesudden violence.

6.2 Four Effective Communication – 6.2 Four Effective Communication – Interaction Skills – Cont’d Interaction Skills – Cont’d

3.3. LanguageLanguage –

a. a. Use the person’s namename.

b. b. TalkTalk quietlyquietly.

c. c. SpeakSpeak firmlyfirmly.

d. d. Use a calm tone calm tone of voicevoice.

e. e. AvoidAvoid direct confrontationconfrontation.


3.3. LanguageLanguage –

f. f. AvoidAvoid labelslabels and acronymsacronyms.

g. g. LimitLimit the number of instructionsinstructions, and give them one at a time.

h. h. Be patientpatient and consistentconsistent.

i. i. ReactionsReactions and verbal responsesresponses may be slower than you expect.


4.4. MovementsMovements - Be aware of body movements.

a. a. People in crisiscrisis often need more physicalphysical space.

b. b. If possible, position position yourself at or below the individual’s eye level.

c. c. Keep all movementsmovements slow and deliberate.


6.2.a. Nine Helpful Hints 6.2.a. Nine Helpful Hints

1.1. Ask the person about available supportsupport,

a.a. clergyclergy,

b.b. familyfamily,

c.c. therapisttherapist,

d.d. doctordoctor.

2. 2. Don’t be afraidafraid to reveal your own emotions, e.g. “Mr. Smith, you’re you’re making me nervousmaking me nervous.”

3. 3. IntroduceIntroduce yourself clearly

6.2.a. Nine Helpful Hints6.2.a. Nine Helpful HintsContinued Continued

4. 4. You may need to rere--introduceintroduce yourself, as well.

5. 5. Try to find ways to establish trusttrust.

6. 6. Keep your own emotionsemotions under control.

6.2.a. Nine Helpful Hints6.2.a. Nine Helpful HintsContinuedContinued

7. 7. Allow ventilationventilation.

8. 8. ReassureReassure, but be realistic, don’t don’t lielie.

9.9. ListenListen actively.

6.2.a. Nine Helpful Hints6.2.a. Nine Helpful HintsContinuedContinued

6.3 TOP COPS 6.3 TOP COPS

20

StrategiesStrategies ReviewReview

1.1. Stay calmStay calm

2.2. Avoid crowdingAvoid crowding

3.3. RestateRestate

4.4. Use persons Use persons namename

5.5. Give instructions Give instructions one at a timeone at a time

6.6. Engagement is Engagement is pivotalpivotal

7.7. Don’t Don’t underestimate underestimate the power of the power of hallucinations hallucinations or delusionsor delusions

8.8. Ask about Ask about treatment treatment historyhistory

9.9. Don’t express Don’t express disapprovaldisapproval

Questions?UNIT SIX

2222

DEFINE & PROCESSDEFINE & PROCESS

Process:Process:

Define, List & Explain 6.0:Define, List & Explain 6.0: The

23

Unit Goal: 7.0The legal processlegal process; evaluation and techniques for appropriateness of apprehensionapprehension (arrestarrest) and/or detentiondetention.

LegalLegal

24

7.1. Appropriateness of a 7.1. Appropriateness of a warrantless apprehension warrantless apprehension

(arrest)(arrest)A. A. “Least restrictive alternativeLeast restrictive alternative” is the treatment that:

1. 1. is availableavailable

2. 2. provides the consumer with the greatest possibility of improvementimprovement

A. “Least restrictive alternative” is the treatment that:

3. 3. is no more restrictiverestrictive of consumer’s physical or social physical or social libertiesliberties than is necessary to than is necessary to provide the consumer with the most provide the consumer with the most effective treatmenteffective treatment and to protect adequately against any danger the against any danger the patient poses to himself or otherspatient poses to himself or others.

7.1. Appropriateness of a warrantless 7.1. Appropriateness of a warrantless apprehension (arrest) – Cont’d apprehension (arrest) – Cont’d

B. B. References:

1. 1. Reference: Texas Health and Safety Code, Sec. 571.004

2. 2. Reference: Texas Health and Safety Code, Sec. 574.103

7.1. Appropriateness of a 7.1. Appropriateness of a warrantless apprehension warrantless apprehension

(arrest) – Cont’d (arrest) – Cont’d

7.2 Step-By-Step Emergency 7.2 Step-By-Step Emergency Detention Court OrderDetention Court Order

A. A. Application for emergency Application for emergency detentiondetention: A statement that the A statement that the officer officer has reason to believe that has reason to believe that the the riskrisk of harmharm is imminent imminent unless unless restrainedrestrained.

A. A. Application for Application for emergencyemergency detentiondetention:

1. 1. This information may be obtained from a crediblecredible party.

2. 2. The officerofficer does not does not have to witnesswitness the behavior personallybehavior personally.

7.2 Step-By-Step Emergency 7.2 Step-By-Step Emergency Detention Court Order – Cont’d Detention Court Order – Cont’d

A. 3. A. 3. A statement that the officer’s officer’s beliefs beliefs are derived from specificare derived from specific

a. a. recent behaviorbehavior,

b. b. overt acts, attempts overt acts, attempts or or threats threats that were observedobserved or reliably reportedreliably reported


A. 3. A. 3. A statement that the officer’s officer’s beliefs beliefs are derived from specific

d. d. The individuals name and relationshiprelationship to the apprehended person who reported observing the behavior.

1.) 1.) List whowho,

2.) 2.) whatwhat


A. 3. d. A. 3. d. The individuals name and relationship The individuals name and relationship to the apprehended person who reported to the apprehended person who reported

observing the behaviorobserving the behavior.

3.) 3.) where,

4.) 4.) when,

5.) 5.) why, and

6.) 6.) how.


B. B. Emergency Detention Emergency Detention OrderOrder:

Serves as a magistrate’s order magistrate’s order for emergency apprehension emergency apprehension and detentiondetention

1. 1. Is a civil court civil court orderorder issued by a magistratemagistrate


B. B. Emergency Detention OrderEmergency Detention Order: Serves as a magistrate’s order for emergency Serves as a magistrate’s order for emergency apprehension and detentionapprehension and detention

2. 2. Provides for emergencyemergency apprehensionapprehension and transportationtransportation for evaluationevaluation (not guaranteed admission)


7.2 REFERENCE 7.2 REFERENCE

Reference: Texas Health and Safety Code, Sec. 573.011

7.3 Criteria for taking mentally 7.3 Criteria for taking mentally challenged person into custody challenged person into custody

for their safetyfor their safety

1. 1. A peace officerpeace officer, withoutwithout a warrantwarrant, may take a person into custody if the officer believes officer believes that the person is mentally ill mentally ill and that, because of that mental illness, there is a substantial risk of substantial risk of serious harmserious harm to the person or

1. Cont’d: 1. Cont’d: or others unless the person is immediately restrainedrestrained; and believesbelieves there is not there is not sufficient time to obtain a sufficient time to obtain a warrantwarrant.

7.3 Criteria for taking mentally 7.3 Criteria for taking mentally challenged person into custody for their challenged person into custody for their

safety – Continued: safety – Continued:

7.4 Assessing Justification 7.4 Assessing Justification Proper Proper Use-Of-ForceUse-Of-Force

1.1. Keep the situation in Keep the situation in perspectiveperspective

2. 2. The officerofficer may use force use force comparablecomparable to any other legal duty when a person is resistingresisting arrest

3. 3. The forceforce must be reasonablereasonable

4. 4. GoalGoal is to obtain care and treatmenttreatment for the mentally ill mentally ill person

Reference: Texas Penal Code, Sec.9.51

7.4 Assessing Justification 7.4 Assessing Justification Proper Use-Of-Force – Cont’d Proper Use-Of-Force – Cont’d

A.A. Agitated Behavior Agitated Behavior - trying to keep feelings inside but begin displaying such behaviors

1.) as pacingpacing,

2.) 2.) hand wringingwringing,

3.) 3.) hairhair pulling, etc.

7.4 7.4 Behavior intensity level Behavior intensity level indicators of an individual indicators of an individual heading toward violence heading toward violence

B. B. Disruptive Behavior - outward displays of behavior to include

1.) shoutingshouting,

2.) swearingswearing, and

3.) refusal to complycomply with requestsrequests

7.4 7.4 Behavior intensity level indicators Behavior intensity level indicators of an individual heading toward of an individual heading toward

violence – Continued: violence – Continued:

C. C. Destructive Behavior Destructive Behavior - begins to damagedamage items in the environment.

Physical force Physical force will probably be needed to intervene intervene depending on circumstances

7.4 7.4 Behavior intensity level indicators Behavior intensity level indicators of an individual heading toward of an individual heading toward

violence – Continued: violence – Continued:

D. D. Out of Control Out of Control - individual is a danger to himself and others.

The individual is out-of-controlout-of-control psychologicallypsychologically and is being threateningthreatening.

Deadly force Deadly force may be an option.

7.4 7.4 Behavior intensity level indicators of Behavior intensity level indicators of an individual heading toward violence – an individual heading toward violence –

Continued: Continued:

7.5 Officer Limitation of 7.5 Officer Limitation of Liability Liability

A.A. People acting in good faithgood faith, reasonablyreasonably and without negligencenegligence are not civilly or criminally liable.

B. B. Reference: Texas Health and Reference: Texas Health and Safety Code, Sec. 571.019(a)Safety Code, Sec. 571.019(a)

A.A. Communication Communication between apatientpatient and a professionalprofessional, as well as recordsrecords of the identity,

1.) 1.) diagnosisdiagnosis,

2.) 2.) evaluationevaluation, or

3.) 3.) treatmenttreatment of a patient that are created or maintained by a

professional, is confidential.

7.5 7.5 ConfidentialityConfidentiality

MEDICAL RECORDS

7.5 7.5 Confidentiality Confidentiality – – B.B.EXCEPTIONS EXCEPTIONS

1.1. DisclosureDisclosure to medicalmedical or law law enforcementenforcement personnela.) a.) if there is a probability of imminent physical injury imminent physical injury by the patient orb.)b.) others, or

c.) c.) there is a probability of immediate mentalmental or d.) d.) emotional injuryinjury to the patient

B. B. include:include:

2. 2. When the patient patient consentsconsents

3. 3. To health care personnel of a jail if it is for the solesole purpose of providing health careproviding health care

7.5 7.5 Confidentiality Confidentiality – – B. B. EXCEPTIONS - Cont’d: EXCEPTIONS - Cont’d:

B. B. includeinclude:

4.4.“MMemorandum oof UUnderstanding” MOU (refer to the definition section of the IRG)

C. C. Reference: Texas Health and Safety Code, Sec. 611.002, 611.004

7.5 7.5 Confidentiality Confidentiality – – B. B. EXCEPTIONS - Cont’d: EXCEPTIONS - Cont’d:

7.6 Assistance (7.6 Assistance (Back UpBack Up) ) during approach during approach

A. A. Size and age of a person with mental illness has very little to do has very little to do with with whether a back-up officer back-up officer should be should be calledcalled

B. B. Like any other person under stressstress, a person with a mental mental illnessillness may exhibit extraordinaryextraordinary strengthstrength.

1. 1. Persons with a mental illness mental illness may, but not always, be unpredictableunpredictable and irrationalirrational.

7.6 Assistance (7.6 Assistance (Back UpBack Up) ) during approach – Cont’d during approach – Cont’d

B. Like any other person under stress, a person with a mental illness may exhibit extraordinary strength.

2. 2. BehaviorBehavior is very individualized.

7.6 Assistance (7.6 Assistance (Back UpBack Up) ) during approach – Cont’d during approach – Cont’d

C. C. Request assistanceassistance as needed. Back-upBack-up may be needed for the SAFETYSAFETY of the officerofficer, the individual, or others.

D. D. Contact the local Mental Health Mental Retardation (MHMR) Center for assistance, education, and referrals to appropriate resources

7.6 Assistance (Back Up) 7.6 Assistance (Back Up) during approach – Cont’d during approach – Cont’d

OFFICER OFFICER SAFETY SAFETY TIP TIP

Food for thought: “It is It is not the size of the dog in not the size of the dog in the fight, it is the the fight, it is the size of size of the fightthe fight in the dog in the dog that will make a differencethat will make a difference” in and with in and with youryour SAFETYSAFETY

7.7 Bexar County 7.7 Bexar County Constable’s Office PCT#4 Constable’s Office PCT#4

Bexar County Constable Bexar County Constable Office PCT#4 Office PCT#4 policies and procedures and/or Standard Standard Operating Procedures Operating Procedures will be followed.

Review policy Review policy for our office or refer participant to appropriate resources.

54

7.8. 7.8. Appropriate method of Appropriate method of transporting mentally ill transporting mentally ill

consumerconsumer.

CONSTABLE PCT4

PC

T#

4

7.8 7.8 Determining Determining appropriate method of appropriate method of

transporttransportA.A. Follow Bexar County Constable PCT#4 policy and procedure or SOPSOP

B. B. Be aware of the distancedistance to an approved medical facility medical facility for examination or admission

C. C. EvaluateEvaluate the behaviorbehavior or physical condition of person:

1. 1. Violent Violent

2. 2. ComatoseComatose

3. 3. AmbulatoryAmbulatory-non-ambulatory

4. 4. SedatedSedated

7.8 7.8 Determining appropriate Determining appropriate method of transport – Cont’d: method of transport – Cont’d:

Questions?UNIT SEVEN

5858


Process:Process:


TAKE A 15-MINUTE BREAK

60

Unit Goal: 8.0Unit Goal: 8.0The world of the mentally ill mentally ill through legal and societal concerns and perspectivesperspectives.

8.1 homeless 8.1 homeless mentally ill mentally ill

A. A. On any given night approximately 600,000 AAmmeerriiccaannss are homelesshomeless, and more than 2 million people are homeless throughout the year.

1. 1. According to conservative estimates, oneone--thirdthird of people who are homelesshomeless have a serious serious mental illnessmental illness,

A. 2. A. 2. more than oneone-halfhalf also have a substance abuse disordersubstance abuse disorder. (NCH Fact (NCH Fact Sheet #5)Sheet #5)

8.1 homeless 8.1 homeless mentally ill mentally ill person – person – Continued Continued

B. B. Vast increases in homelessness homelessness seem to have occurred in the 1980s when incomes incomes and housinghousing options for lower incomes became an issue.

1. 1. Today however, a new wave new wave of homeless mentally ill persons homeless mentally ill persons has emerged due to;


1.a. 1.a. combined with denial of services due to fundingfunding cuts, and premature discharge due to managed care.

1.b. 1.b. Homeless persons with mental disorders remain homeless longer due to isolationisolation from family and friends


1.c. 1.c. barriers to employment or

1.d. 1.d. low income status,

1.e. 1.e. poor physical health and

1.f. 1.f. more contact with the legal system.


8.2 8.2 Mentally ill individual Mentally ill individual as a as a victim victim of crime of crime

“People People with mental illness mental illness are more likely to be victimsvictims than perpetratorsperpetrators of violenceviolence”

** National Institute of Justice, 1996 National Institute of Justice, 1996

Why then is … thirteen times thirteen times moremore research compiled concerning the research compiled concerning the mentally ill mentally ill as as perpetratorsperpetrators of of violent violent actsacts rather than as rather than as

victimsvictims of violent acts? of violent acts? (see the Archives of General Psychiatry, (see the Archives of General Psychiatry, August 2005)August 2005)

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill individual as Mentally ill individual as a a victimvictim of crime of crime –Cont’d–Cont’d

A.A. 4-13% are 4-13% are perpetratorsperpetrators of of crimecrime

B. B. They are 140 times more likely to They are 140 times more likely to be victim of be victim of thefttheft

C. C. 3 million are estimated to be 3 million are estimated to be victimizedvictimized each year each year

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill Mentally ill StatisticsStatistics:

D. D. In a year, more than one-quarter In a year, more than one-quarter of of mentally ill mentally ill persons say they persons say they are victimizedare victimized

E. E. There is an There is an 1111-times-higher -times-higher risk risk for them than for the general for them than for the general populationpopulation

8.2 Mentally ill Statistics8.2 Mentally ill StatisticsContinuedContinued:

The public tends to be surprised by these findings, due to the stereotypestereotype that people with a mental illness mental illness are dangerousdangerous.

ViolenceViolence among this population is caused by many of the same factors many of the same factors that produce violenceviolence in the rest of us.

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill Mentally ill individual individual as a as a victimvictim of crime of crime –Cont’d–Cont’d

PeoplePeople become violentviolent when they feel threatenedthreatened,

when they feelfeel out of controlcontrol, or

with the excessive usageusage of mind-mind-altering substancesaltering substances.

“We don’t think about their vulnerabilityvulnerability to victimizationvictimization.”

- Alison McCook, Reuters Health- Alison McCook, Reuters Health

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill Mentally ill individual as individual as a a victim victim of crime of crime –Cont’d–Cont’d

PeoplePeople with mental illness mental illness are more vulnerablevulnerable to crime than others.

TheyThey often live in poorpoor communities, areas with higher crime rateshigher crime rates.

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill Mentally ill individual as individual as a a victimvictim of crime of crime –Cont’d–Cont’d

They can be unable to make safe decisionsdecisions, such as avoiding an avoiding an empty, dark streetempty, dark street.

- North Western University- North Western University

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill Mentally ill individual individual as a as a victimvictim of of crimecrime –Cont’d–Cont’d

The effect of crimecrime is also more destabilizingdestabilizing with a person with mental illnessmental illness.

Dr. Linda A. TeplinDr. Linda A. Teplin

8.2 8.2 Mentally ill individual as Mentally ill individual as a a victimvictim of of crime crime –Cont’d–Cont’d

Victim’s Victim’s Need to Feel SafeSafe –

peoplepeople feel helplesshelpless,

vulnerablevulnerable and

afraidafraid by the traumatrauma of their victimization.

8.2 Tips for 8.2 Tips for respondingresponding to a to a victim'svictim's needsneeds::

B. B. As a law enforcement officerlaw enforcement officer, you are usually the first to first to approachapproach the victimvictim –

how the officerofficer respondsresponds to the victimvictim is very importantvery important

8.2 Tips for 8.2 Tips for respondingresponding to a to a victim'svictim's needsneeds – Cont’d: – Cont’d:

8.2 Tips for responding to a 8.2 Tips for responding to a victim's needs – victim's needs – Cont’d:Cont’d:

C. C. Victim’s Need to Express His/her EmotionsEmotions - victims need to air their emotions and tell their story tell their story after the trauma trauma of a crimecrime, and they need to have their need to have their feelingsfeelings accepted and their accepted and their storystory heard heard non-non-judgmentallyjudgmentally

D D Victim’sVictim’s Need to Know What Need to Know What Comes Next Comes Next - the officerofficer can help relieve some of the relieve some of the anxietyanxiety by telling victims what to expect in the what to expect in the aftermath of the crimeaftermath of the crime, which will help prepare them for the upcoming investigation processinvestigation process

8.2 Tips for responding to a 8.2 Tips for responding to a victim's needs – victim's needs – Cont’d:Cont’d:

8.2 Mentally ill Crime 8.2 Mentally ill Crime VictimsVictims

A. A. ChildrenChildren with mental illness mental illness may be molestedmolested or abusedabused.

B. B. They are often unable to identify the suspectsuspect.

C. C. AdultsAdults with a mental illness mental illness may be easily robbed or become a victimvictim of a con artistcon artist.

D. D. A person with a mental illness mental illness has the same chance of being victimizedvictimized as the general public, but they reportedly have less chance of a successfulsuccessful prosecutionprosecution.

8.2 Mentally ill Crime Victims – 8.2 Mentally ill Crime Victims – Cont’d Cont’d

E. E. Mentally retarded Mentally retarded victims of crime will need specialspecial considerationconsideration upon approachupon approach


F. F. This populationpopulation may not even know they have been victimizedvictimized, due to their naiveténaiveté and lack of ability to discriminate between good good and badbad social situationssocial situations

G. G. Mentally retarded Mentally retarded victimsvictims are also easily easily fooledfooled and become easily vulnerableeasily vulnerable.


H. H. These victimsvictims, just as with mentally ill mentally ill victims, will need to be treatedtreated with extreme patiencepatience and respectrespect.

8.3 Societal & 8.3 Societal & StigmaStigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towardstowards Mentally illMentally ill

A.A. StigmaStigma is a mark of disgracedisgrace or shameshame. It is made up of various components, including:

1.1. LabelingLabeling someone with a condition

2.2. StereotypingStereotyping people with that condition

A.A. StigmaStigma :

3.3. Creating a divisiondivision (i.e., a superior “us” superior “us” and a denigrated denigrated “them” “them” )

4.4. DiscriminatingDiscriminating against someone on the basis of their labellabel

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towards towards Mentally ill Mentally ill – – ContinuedContinued

B.B. Stigmas encourage inaccurate Stigmas encourage inaccurate perceptionsperceptions.

1. 1. The termterm mental illness mental illness in itself alludesalludes to false informationfalse information

8.3 Societal & 8.3 Societal & Stigma Stigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towardstowards Mentally ill Mentally ill

- - ContinuedContinued

B. B. Stigmas encourage inaccurate Stigmas encourage inaccurate perceptionsperceptions.

2.2.“MentalMental” suggests an illegitimateillegitimate medical condition medical condition that is “all in your all in your headhead,” and therefore a sign of weaknessweakness.

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma Discrimination towards Discrimination towards Mentally ill – Mentally ill – ContinuedContinued

B. B. Stigmas encourage inaccurate Stigmas encourage inaccurate perceptionsperceptions.

3.3. The term “mentalmental” suggests a separationseparation from a physical illnessphysical illness, when in fact they are entwinedentwined

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towardstowards Mentally ill Mentally ill – – ContinuedContinued

B. B. Stigmas encourage inaccurate Stigmas encourage inaccurate

perceptionsperceptions.

4. 4. StudiesStudies reported at MayoClinic.com show that there is in fact a physical change in the brain physical change in the brain associated with mental illnessassociated with mental illness, suggesting that a biological basis biological basis exists.exists.

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma Discrimination Discrimination towardstowards Mentally ill Mentally ill – Continued – Continued

C. C. It is also a common It is also a common stereotypestereotype that persons with a that persons with a mental illness are dangerousmental illness are dangerous and and unpredictableunpredictable, , although statistics do not although statistics do not substantiate this idea substantiate this idea (concept)(concept)

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towards towards Mentally ill Mentally ill – Continued – Continued

C.C. 1. 1. It continues to be believed that they are somehow less competentless competent, that they are not able to not able to workwork, and that they need to be need to be institutionalized institutionalized to “get betterget better.”

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma Discrimination Discrimination towardstowards Mentally ill Mentally ill – Continued – Continued

D.D. These stigmas These stigmas perpetuateperpetuate a a negativenegative portrayal of people with portrayal of people with mental illness mental illness that that

1.) 1.) fuelsfuels fearfear and and

2.) 2.) mistrustmistrust and and

3.) 3.) reinforcesreinforces distorted distorted perceptionsperceptions, leading to further , leading to further stigmastigma

8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towardstowards Mentally ill Mentally ill – Continued – Continued

D. 1. D. 1. It can lead to devastating devastating consequencesconsequences. Some people refuse treatment refuse treatment for fearfear of being “labeledlabeled.”

D.2.D.2. The stigma can lead to social distancingdistancing due to shameshame and embarrassmentembarrassment


D.3.D.3. DiscriminationDiscrimination in the workplaceworkplace reportedly continues, even with the American with Disabilities Act in place.

D.D.4.4. Victims may lose jobs through the stressstress of coworker gossipgossip and lack of promotion.


D.5.D.5. The stigmastigma even extends to the medicalmedical community, where health health insurance coverage is more insurance coverage is more limitedlimited for mental illnesses mental illnesses than for physical illnesses.


8.3 Societal & Stigma 8.3 Societal & Stigma DiscriminationDiscrimination towardstowards Mentally illMentally ill – Continued – Continued

E.E. DispellingDispelling prominentprominent myths myths regarding regarding mental illness mental illness can can reduce undeserved stigmareduce undeserved stigma.

F.F. Consider the followingConsider the following:

Myth:Myth: Mental illness does not affect the average person.

RealityReality:: No one is immuneimmune to mental illness. More hospital beds are filled by individuals with mental mental illness illness than those with cancercancer, heartheart, and lunglung disease combined.


F. F. Consider the followingConsider the following:

Myth:Myth: Mental illness is an indication of a weaknessweakness of character.

RealityReality:: A combination of factorsfactors contributes to mental illness, including malfunction of neurotransmitters, heredity, stress, and recreational drug usage.



Myth:Myth: A personperson with a mental mental illness illness is also is also mentally retardedmentally retarded.

RealityReality:: There are some persons with a dualdual diagnosisdiagnosis, but the conditions are fundamentally different.



Myth:Myth: If you have a mental illnessmental illness, you are “crazycrazy” all the time.

RealityReality:: Mental illness Mental illness is often temporary. People suffering from even the most severe mental illness mental illness are in touch with reality as often as are in touch with reality as often as they are actively psychoticthey are actively psychotic.



Myth:Myth: If people with other disabilitiesdisabilities can cope on their own, people with mental illness mental illness should be able to do so as well.

RealityReality:: Most people who have a disabling illness need need helphelp to return to return to normal functioningto normal functioning.



RealityReality:: fills this role for a physical illness just as therapeutic therapeutic rehabilitation is needed for mental mental illnessillness.



Myth:Myth: Most people who strugglestruggle with mental illness mental illness live on the live on the streetsstreets or are in mental mental hospitalshospitals.

RealityReality:: About twotwo-thirdsthirds of Americans who have a mental mental illness illness live in community settingscommunity settings.


8.4 Legal & Social Concerns 8.4 Legal & Social Concerns Mental Health Consumer’sMental Health Consumer’s

Guest Speaker: Guest Speaker: a mental health consumer to speak to the officers about their experiences with the legal and mental health systems. The goal of this section is to sensitize the officer to the lives, feelings, and thoughts of a person with a mental illness and their perspective on communication with law enforcement.

8.5 F8.5 Family member amily member perspective on mental perspective on mental

illness.illness.Guest Speaker: Guest Speaker: family member perspective on mental illness.

Questions?UNIT EIGHT

106106


Process:Process:


SOURCESSOURCES

All Course Sources and/or

Resources are listed in

your Participant Handout

Bexar County Constable Office PCT#4

Crisis Intervention TRAINING (CIT) Course # 3841

““Knowledge isKnowledge is““POWERPOWER” Stay ” Stay informed, stay informed, stay

SAFE, stay SAFE, stay Vigilant & stay Vigilant & stay

Alive” Alive”

TAKE A 15-MINUTE BREAK

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