BCG Vaccine

Usual reactions induration: 2 – 4

wks pustule formation:

5 – 7 wks scar formation: 2 –

3 months

Accelerated Reactions:

induration: 2-3 dayspustule formation:

5-7 daysscar formation: 2-3

weeks

Hepatitis B vaccine

- inactivated viral antigen- 0, 1 & 6 months- children and adolescents who have not been vaccinated with Hep B may begin series during any visit

Contraindication: anaphylactic reaction to previous dose

Reactions: pain and swelling at site, fever

Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis

Usual Side Effects:◦ fever up to 72 hours (low to moderate

grade)◦ restlessness and irritability◦ local reaction: pain and swelling at the site

of injection

Contraindications:◦ encephalopathy within 7 days of

administration of previous dose◦ anaphylactic shock after a previous dose◦ progressive neurologic disorders

Poliomyelitis Vaccine

1. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)- live attenuated (Sabin)

Absolute contraindications:1. altered immune states, high dose

steroids, radiation, HIV/AIDS2. pregnancy3. household contacts of

immunocompromised patientsRelative contraindications: vomiting and

diarrheaAdverse Reaction: paralysis

2. Inactivated or Killed Polio Vaccine (IPV)- recommended to decrease the incidence of

vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP)

Measles Vaccine- live attenuated - given at 9 months but may be given as early as 6

months during epidemics

Adverse reactions:1. fever with or without rashes (5-12 days after

administration)2. hypersensitivity reaction

Contraindication: immunocompromised state, pregnancyRelative Contraindication: untreated active tuberculosis

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine

- live attenuated - given at 12-15 months; a booster dose is recommended at 4-6 years old

Reactions:1. fever with or without rashes (5-12 days

after administration - measles)2. fever, swelling of parotid gland (mumps)3. fever, mild rash, transient arthritis or

arthralgia, post-auricular lymphadenopathy (rubella)

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine

Reasons for giving 2 doses of MMR:1. only 87-90% of children actually receive

the measles vaccine2. 5% of children who receive the first

vaccine won’t develop immunity3. children who had an immune response to

the first dose could get a “booster” effect

Contraindications: same as other live vaccines

Varicella Vaccine

- live attenuated - routinely given at age 12 months and up but can be given as early as 9 months- can be given within 5 days of exposure- varicella vaccine prevents moderate to severe cases of chickenpox

Reactions:-may develop few varicella-like lesions

about 1 month after vaccination

Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) Vaccine

- polysaccharide protein conjugate

Reactions: low grade fever (2%)pain and swelling (10-15%)

Pneumococcal Vaccine

- PPV is given for children 2 yrs and above

Indications:1. patients undergoing splenectomy2. sickle cell disease3. asplenia4. HIV5. Routinely for children 2 months and above

Hepatitis A Vaccine- inactivated viral antigen

Indications:1. persons traveling to areas with high

prevalence of Hepatitis A2. occupational hazards3. hemophiliacs – contacts of infected persons

Reactions: pain and local swelling

Influenza Vaccine

- inactivated vaccine- should be administered before the start of flu season (February to June)

Indications:1. prophylaxis in children older than 6 months

and adults2. over 60 years3. suffer from disease of cardiovascular

system, metabolic disease, cystic fibrosis, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal insufficiency

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