be final
TRANSCRIPT
BioplasticsSynthesis of polymeric films
using waste banana peels
Abhijit Mohapatra 60011100028
Hemant Sharma 600011100054
Shruti Prasad 60011100034
Why Banana Peels?
Objective of the Project
The Objective of this project was to synthesize bio-polymeric
films from banana peels and identify the ideal combination of
parameters which would give the maximum tensile strength to
the sample.
The parameters considered were :
i. pH of the reaction mixture
ii. Residence time for hydrolysis of the reaction mixture
iii. Choice of plasticizer
Procedure for Synthesis
Preparation of Banana Paste
Boiling Decant water Drying Grindin
g
Production of Film
25gm Paste
Add 3ml HCl
Add 2ml Plasticize
r
Add NaOH Baking Polymeri
c film
Reaction Mechanism
Starch consists of two different types of polymer chains:
1. Branched chained amylopectin
2. Linear Chained Amylose
Hydrolysis
Amylose is a straight polymer, a desirable
polymer to make plastic
Amylopectin is branched polymer which
makes the plastic brittle
Acid Hydrolysis is done to break the branched
chains of amylopectin to aid plastic formation
Addition of Plasticizer
The Plasticizer gets in between the
polymer chains and prevents them from
lining up in rows to form a crystalline
structure.
The Plasticizer increases flexibility, and
develops the plasticity of the product.
Addition of NaOH
If hydrolysis time is prolonged,
amylose also gets hydrolysed
Hence, NaOH is added to neutralize
the Acid
Phase wise Synthesis
Stage 1: pH and Residence time were varied keeping
plasticizer same. Best combination obtained by strength
test was used for Stage.
Stage 2: Based on the values of parameters obtained,
Fresh samples were prepared. This time Plasticizers were
changed. Plasticizers used were:
• Glycerine
• Sorbitol
• Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Trials Conducted
9 Experimental trials were conducted, out of this 3
were accepted for testing
Reasons for discarding samples:
• Perforations on the sample
• Incomplete baking
• Incorrect Concentration of reagents
Procedure: Tensile Strength Test
Step 1: Visual inspection
Step 2: The approved sample is cut
into a 2cm by 4cm rectangular slice
Step 3: The samples are clamped such
that 60% of the sample is our testing
region
4cm Sample
20%
60%
20%
2 cm
Step 4: After sample is clamped, weights are added in
Steps of 10gm with 20 seconds between each step.
Step 5: Final weight at which the sample tears is noted.
Step 6: Tensile strength is Calculated using:
Tensile Strength Test Apparatus
ObservationspH Residence Time
(Minutes)
Sample Weight (grams)
Acidic 5 1/04-8 341.41
10 1/04-7 351.89
15 3/04-2 200.94
20 1/04-5 271.53
Basic 5 26/03-4 331.2
10 3/04-4 160.9
15 26/03-2 240.89
20 26/03-1 131.15
Neutral 5 3/04-3 231.59
10 1/04-3 331.50
15 1/04-2 406.19
20 1/04-1 301.69
pH Sample Thickness (mm)
1 2 3 4 5 Mean
Acidic 1/04-8 0.94 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.74 0.836
1/04-7 0.66 0.62 0.6 0.64 0.62 0.628
3/04-2 0.72 0.6 0.48 0.48 0.5 0.556
1/04-5 0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.42 0.508
Basic 26/03-4 0.62 0.6 0.68 0.7 0.62 0.644
3/04-4 0.9 0.84 0.7 0.78 0.94 0.832
26/03-2 0.66 0.66 0.7 0.7 0.84 0.712
26/03-1 0.6 0.52 0.54 0.48 0.58 0.544
Neutral 3/04-3 0.6 0.64 0.74 0.68 0.78 0.688
1/04-3 0.62 0.58 0.66 0.68 0.66 0.64
1/04-2 0.6 0.52 0.54 0.66 0.58 0.58
1/04-1 0.6 0.52 0.54 0.62 0.52 0.56
Analysis
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 220
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Tensile Strength Vs Residence Time (Combined Plot)
Acidic NeutralBasic
Residence Time (mins)
Ten
sile S
tren
gth
(M
Pa)
Stage 1
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 220
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Conversion Vs Residence Time (Combined)
Acidic BasicNeutral
Residence Time
% C
on
vers
ion
Final Trial
pH Plasticiser Residence
Time
(Minutes)
Sample Weight
(grams)
Neutral Glycerine 15 16/04-2 456.2
Neutral Sorbitol 15 16/04-3 794.95
Neutral PEG 15 16/04-4 558.11
Plasticiz
er
Sample Thickness (mm)
1 2 3 4 5 Mean
Glycerin
e
16/04-2 0.68 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.72 0.68
Sorbitol 16/04-3 0.48 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.516
PEG 16/04-4 1.1 0.94 0.82 0.8 0.7 0.872
Stage 2
Glycerine
Sorbitol
PEG 400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Tensile Strength for Different Plasticizers
Tensile Strength for Dif-ferent Plasticisers Ten-sile Strength (N/mm^2)
Properties Sorbitol Glycerine PEG
Brittleness Least Flexible Flexible structure Flexible structure
Tensile strength Highest
TS :26.06MPa
14.31MPa 16.14MPa
Glycerine
Sorbitol
PEG
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Conversion For Different Plasticizers
Conversion %
Suggested PPS
Future Scope
Exploring other Sources of Starch
Effect of varying concentrations of Reagents
Extensive Testing
Extraction of Starch from peels
Understanding the effect of Reagents on other
components of the peel
Thank You