be in top form key features of essay writing. learning outcomes by the end of this session you will...
TRANSCRIPT
Be in top formKey features of essay writing
Learning outcomes
By the end of this session you will be able to understand:
• the purpose and structure of an essay
• the role of referencing • that essay writing is a process
What makes an essay an essay?
When you think “essay”, what do you think?
What’s the purpose of an essay?What is the expected structure?
The purpose of an essay is to...
• Make an argument • Imagine you are a lawyer
presenting a case
• Argument: take a position / thesis statement / answer the question
An argument / thesis statement For some essays, you can turn the essay
question into a thesis statement. • Take a position (yes, no, it depends)• Say why (the “because”)Example essay question: Why is human resource planning a good idea
for NZ organisations?Example thesis statement:Human resource planning is a good idea for
NZ organisations because…
Come up with thesis statements for the following:
1. Are cats better than dogs?Cats are better than dogs because they’re more independent, not as smelly, and you do not have to take them for walks.
2. Is it possible to eat too much chocolate?It is not possible to eat to much chocolate because your natural instincts will guide how much chocolate you need, so therefore how much chocolate you eat is the right amount.
For more information on thesis statements, see:http://owll.massey.ac.nz/assignment-types/essay-thesis-statement.php
Understanding the essay question
The question is made of different parts:– What are you being asked to do? (command
words)• Discuss, analyse, compare/contrast, establish the
extent of something.
– What is the topic?• The topic is often the big picture view.
– What is the focus (or scope)?• the focus is the direction you need to take: like a
compass pointing in the right direction or binoculars going into focus on a particular aspect.
– What will you need to define (or clarify)?
What are you being asked to do?
Common command words
Analyse To break the subject up into its main ideas, and evaluate themAssess To judge the value of a subject critically.Compare To show the similarities and differences between two or more
subjects.Discuss To investigate and present the different aspects of a problem or
subject, usually in support of a position or argument.Evaluate To appraise or estimate the worth of something, to some extent
an explained personal opinion.Examine To inquire into, and consider a problem carefully.Review To survey and critically examine a subject.
For this list and more, see: http://owll.massey.ac.nz/academic-writing/command-words.php
Essay question #1
To what extent is there a correlation between the levels of happiness experienced by cats, and the dog being made to sleep outside?
Comment on the extent of
the correlation.
(Is there one?Is it strong?
Are there any exceptions?)
Whether there is a correlation
between the happiness in cats and the
dog being made to sleep outside.
Happiness in cats.
The concept of happiness in cats?What correlation
means (as opposed to causation?)
Cats? All cats? Some breeds of
cats?
What are you being asked to
do?
What is the topic?
What will you need to define or
clarify?
What is the focus?
Essay question #2
“The Kardashians are the epitome of popular culture” (Brown, 2011, p.15). Discuss.
Clarify?You might need to clarify who
the Kardashians
are
Define?You’ll need to define popular
culture
What are you being asked to
do?
What is the topic? What is the focus?
The Kardashians
To discuss: examine or consider a
subject/topic
Whether the Kardashians
are the perfect example of
popular culture
Essay structure
The introduction and conclusion mirror each other
The body paragraphs are where you:
a) Define key conceptsb) Explain your argument/s
(often it’s where you go through the “because/s”)
Essay structure: the patternBroad opening statement
Broad statement of significance of topic
Narrowing topic
Summary of key points
Thesis statement
Thesis statement
Define core concept
Body paragraphs- Start with a main or topic sentence - Followed by evidence and examples
Back to our essay question
“The Kardashians are the epitome of popular culture” (Brown, 2011, p.15). Discuss.
Introduction
Mass media and popular culture have the capacity to shape the values and norms of society. In contemporary society, the role of the celebrity is particularly pervasive. The Kardashians are an American family with their own TV show (“Keeping up with the Kardashians”). As such, they are an example of the mass media genre of reality TV and the celebration of celebrity. Moreover, the Kardashians are the epitome of popular culture because their show and subsequent lifestyles reflect consumerist values, trivial pastimes and superficiality.
The first sentence is a broad opening statement that establishes the context.
This is the thesis statement (the answer to the question). The thesis statement is the argument you will be making in your essay. The
Kardashians ARE the epitome of popular culture BECAUSE...
These three areas listed (in the “because”)will become the structure of the essay – each of those would be discussed in turn in the essay.
Definition paragraph
Popular culture is a debated concept (Brown, 2011; Henry, 2008; Smith, 1999). Smith (1999) suggests that popular culture constitutes values and norms that are promoted by the mass media and enjoyed by the majority of the population. Henry (2008) adds that popular culture is the mass publication and promotion of what is glitzy and superficial. Brown (2011), furthermore, argues that popular culture is inherently negative and damaging. “Popular culture sees the death of difference and in-depth thinking, and is ultimately the celebration of the trivial” (Brown, 2011, p.19).
This paragraph is defining the key concept of “popular culture”.
Often also a good place for a direct quote.
Conclusion
In conclusion, their lifestyle and reality TV show have made the Kardashians the epitome of popular culture. The consumerist values promoted in the design of their reality TV series, their trivial pastimes, and the high level of superficiality all blend together to reinforce and perpetuate the celebration of celebrity, which in turn shapes the norms and values of society. Discussion and analysis of examples of popular culture are vital, as they lead to a greater understanding of the influences shaping contemporary society.
Can start with “In conclusion…” Nice cue for the marker – and you. Re-state the thesis statement.
Summarise the key points.End with a broad statement – often highlighting why an important
area of study.
Role of referencing
• You need to make an argument– not unsubstantiated opinion
• You need to make your argument by referring to the work of others
• Definitions, facts, theories, ideas – all need a citation
Body paragraph
The consumerist values reflected in the show and lifestyles of the Kardashians illustrate how they are the epitome of popular culture . For example, the short-lived wedding on the TV show was paid for entirely by advertising revenue. Furthermore, Harris states that consumerism and popular culture “are entwined and produce a self-fulfilling prophesy”. This integrated reinforcement of consumerism and popular culture is also represented in the Kardashians lifestyle and TV show in that the clothing worn by the lead women (in particular, Kim Kardashian) are part of the Kardashians’ fashion label and available for sale.
Body paragraph – with citations
The consumerist values reflected in the show and lifestyles of the Kardashians illustrate how they are the epitome of popular culture . For example , the recent wedding on the TV show was paid for entirely by advertising revenue (Kenny, 2012). Furthermore, Harris (2009) states that consumerism and popular culture “are entwined and produce a self-fulfilling prophesy” (p.212). This integrated reinforcement of consumerism and popular culture is also represented in the Kardashians lifestyle and TV show in that the clothing worn by the lead women (in particular, Kim Kardashian) are part of the Kardashians’ fashion label and available for sale (Laylor, 2012).
Essay writing process