be safe guide to health and safety
TRANSCRIPT
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Be safe!An introductory guide to healthand safety
For individuals who are learning abouthealth and safety
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For individuals who are learning abouthealth and safety
The purpose of this booklet is to raiseawareness amongst learners about riskand highlight what you can do to ensure
your health and safety at work. It alsoincludes information on entitlements andwhere you can get further help. Aworkbook is provided to help test
your knowledge.
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*In 2004, 945 young peoplewere injured and 5 killed on
work-based learning.
Be safe!Each day, many people are injured at work.Some are permanently disabled – some even die.*Don’t let this happen to you.This booklet will help you find out how to avoidaccidents and ill health at work. It is only anintroduction and you will need to add otherinformation related to your own occupation,course, programme and personal circumstances.
Always find out who yoursupervisor/tutor is.
They will tell you how to worksafely and arrange training for each job you do. Ask if you feel unsureabout how to carry out a task.
Avoid hazards where you work –to stay safe you must be risk aware.
The exercises enclosed with thisbooklet can be used to help youprovide evidence if you are takinga health and safety qualification.
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Be safe!
Safety policy and riskassessmentIf your employers have five or more people working forthem, they will have their own safety policy, which will statetheir organisation’s commitment to health and safety.
It will spell out the procedures which are in place to ensurethat you are working in safe conditions.
The organisation should also have produced an assessment ofthe risks to your health and safety. You should be told aboutthe results of this assessment.
You may be given a leaflet or findcopies of these documents on anotice board. Make sure youunderstand them. If in doubt, ASK.
You are responsible too –be smart – think before you act.
By law, you must not interferewith, or misuse, anything provided,for safety.Learn how to work safely and obeysafety rules.
Use all equipment and protectiveclothing provided.
Report things that seem dangerous,damaged or faulty.
Only use tools, machinery orsubstances after you have beentrained and given permission todo so.
Never play practical jokes –they can kill.
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What am I entitled toregarding health and safety?As an LSC funded learner you areentitled to:
A safe, healthy and supportiveenvironment, wherever learningtakes place.
An induction to health and safetywhen starting your learning ortraining and at each new locationor placement.
Full information on the provider’s(and where appropriate, the work-placement or employer’s) healthand safety policy, responsibilityand procedures.
Information on supervisionarrangements.
Information on any risks associatedwith the learning programme.
Advice on, and ready free accessto, suitable personal protectiveequipment or facilities.
Information on restrictions, whichapply to any action or activity onthe part of the learner, for examplerestrictions on the use of certainmachinery or vehicles.
Training on health and safety issuesand appropriate use of equipment.
Advice that, in the event of anaccident at work, non-employedlearners on an apprenticeshipprogramme may claim disablementbenefit through the Departmentfor Work and Pensions (DWP),Analogous Industrial InjuriesScheme (AIIS).
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Be safe!
Tidiness and hygiene
TidinessSlips, trips and falls are still themajor cause of accidents.
To help prevent them:
Don’t leave things lying around –keep work areas and gangwaystidy and clear.
Clean up spills straight away.
Always close drawers.
HygieneDirt and contact with chemicals, oil,and so on, can make you ill and cancause unpleasant skin complaints.
Always:
Wash your hands, using soap andwater or a suitable cleanser, before you eat a meal and before andafter using the toilets.
Dry your hands with the towels ordryers provided. Don’t wipe themon rags or on your clothes.
If they are supplied, use barriercreams to protect your skin whendoing dirty jobs. You may also needto put on a cream after washingwhen the job is finished.
Get medical advice about any skin
complaints, rashes, blisters, ulcersetc, and follow any treatmentrecommended to you. Tell yoursupervisor about your medicalproblem immediately.
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Protective equipmentand clothingProtective equipment and clothing, such as ear defendersand eye protectors, dust masks, overalls, safety shoes orboots and helmets, are supplied to protect you.
Wear them.
It may feel strange and you won’twin any fashion contests but you’llhave a better chance of keeping outof hospital.
Make sure you:
Know how to put protectiveequipment on correctly and howto look after it. If in doubt,ASK.
Ask your supervisor to replaceanything that doesn’t fit properlyor any item that gets damagedor worn out.
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Be safe!
Remember:
Walk, don’t run.
Use the gangways provided andnever take short cuts.
Look out for, and obey, all warningnotices and safety signs.
You are only allowed to drivevehicles for which you have beenproperly trained and have passedany necessary test.
Take particular care where vehicleslike fork-lift trucks are operating.
Never hitch a ride on any vehiclenot designed to carry passengers.
Moving about the workplace
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Back problems can cause a lot of
pain, and may last a lifetime.
Always use trolleys, wheelbarrows orother appropriate lifting equipmentif these are available.
You must be shown how to liftand carry items correctly.
Take care that you:
Only lift or carry what you caneasily manage.
Can see clearly where you are going.
Get help with anything that youthink might be too heavy or
awkward to manage on your own.If in doubt, don’t do it – askfor help!
Lifting and carrying9
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Safety around the buildingRoofsRoofs may be fragile or have loosetiles. Never go on a roof unless youhave been trained to use the properprecautions. Tell the supervisor if you feel giddy, faint or unsafe whenat heights.
ElectricityElectricity can kill or cause severeburns. Treat it with respect.
Make sure you:Understand the instructions beforeusing any electrical equipment.
If you don’t understand, ASK.
Always switch off at the mainsbefore connecting or disconnectingany electrical appliance.
Report any damaged electrical toolsor equipment, including cables andextension leads.
Be safe!
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Working at heightsFalls, sometimes from quite low levels, can causedeath or serious injuries. Following these rules canmake you safer:
Make sure you are shown thecorrect way to place a ladder.
Do not use a ladder with split,missing or loose rungs.
Always make sure that the ladder isplaced in the way you have beenshown and cannot slip. If you areunsure, have it checked.
Don’t overstretch. Keep your bodywithin the frame of the ladder. Ifnecessary, come down and move
the ladder to a more convenientposition.
Always use ladders, scaffolding or liftbuckets to reach high places.
Never ride in a crane bucket or onthe forks of a fork-lift truck.
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MachineryOnly operate a machine after you have been trained andgiven permission to use it. Follow exactly the safe way ofusing the machine, and use it only for the job it is intendedto do. Do not take short cuts to save time.
Make sure that you know where allthe controls are and what they do.
When using any machine, know howto stop it in an emergency.
Safety guards are fitted to machinesto protect you. They must be used.If you think that any moving partcould cause damage, ask yoursupervisor if there should bea guard.
Always follow the systems set upfor adjusting or cleaning machines.
Make sure that no one else canswitch a machine on again while you are working on it.
Don’t wear dangling chains orloose clothing, which could getcaught in moving parts.
Keep your hair tucked undera cap or tied back.
Do not distract other people whoare using machinery.
Never use compressed air toclean machinery.
Tell your supervisor at onceif you think a machine is notworking correctly or is unsafe.
Be safe!
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Hand tools and knivesImagine how difficult life would be if you lost oneof your fingers!
Ordinary, everyday things likehand tools and knives can bedangerous.You should be trainedto use the correct knife or tool for
the particular job.Never use worn or brokenequipment.
Never misuse tools.
Clean equipment after useand store it correctly.
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Working with animalsAnimals can pass on serious or fataldiseases to humans.Treat all living creatures – domesticand farm animals, birds and fish –with care and respect. Both maleand female animals can cause deathor injury.You can avoid accidents by
taking the following precautions:
Be aware of circumstances –animals under stress, who are ill orwho have young are more likely tobe dangerous.
Follow instructions exactly.
Do not enter areas containinganimals unless it is necessary.
Be careful with personal hygiene –always wash your hands aftercontact with animals.
Be safe!
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Hazardous substancesThere are regulations Control of Substances Hazardous toHealth (COSHH) to protect you from hazardoussubstances used at work. Some of the substances are socommon you may not realise how harmful they can be.
Remember:
Follow the organisation’sinstructions –ask if you are unsure.
Read all hazard warning signs andthe instruction labels on containers.They should tell you if, for example,a substance is poisonous, easily set
on fire, or can cause burns.Before you use a substance, findout what to do if it spills onto yourskin or clothes.
Overalls or protective clothingwhich are soaked or badly stainedby hazardous substances must notbe taken away.
Do not transfer small quantitiesof any liquids or substances into
unlabelled or wrongly labelledcontainers – this is dangerousfor everyone.
A dusty atmosphere can alsodamage your health – ask if thereare any special precautions youneed to take.
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Be safe!
Working with computersThere is no evidence to suggest that display screenequipment can cause you harm, provided that you:
Are trained how to usethe equipment.
Adjust your chair correctly.
Use a footrest and a documentholder, if you need them.
Make sure that you have regularbreaks or change to other work
away from the screen.
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You must report any problems with your eyes or any aches and painsin your wrists, arms or neck to your supervisor.
Sometimes health problems canoccur if you are carrying outrepetitive tasks using computers.
Use this checklist to make sure you can work safely:
Can you adjust the equipmentor tools to suit your needs?
Is the work environment, forexample, heating, lighting,
workspace, work position,suitable for you?
Can you change activities/tasksat regular intervals to usedifferent muscles?
Can you adjust the pace or speed
of the work you do?Have you been shown how to carryout the activities correctly?
Do you know who to talk to if youhave any concerns about the tasks?
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Be safe!
FireDo you know?
What to do if there is a fire
How to raise the alarm
What the alarm sounds like
Where the fire exits are
Where the assembly point isDon’t take risks.If you don’tknow – ASK
Know and understand theorganisation’s fire instructions.Keep away from flames or sparkswhen handling petrol or otherflammable substances.
Find out about the smoking policyand obey ‘No Smoking’ rules.
Do not create a fire hazard bythrowing cigarette ends in cornersor under benches.
Keep fire doors unlocked andfree from obstruction.
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Useful linkshttp://www.childline.org.uk/Bullying.asp
This site contains advice, support and information for children and youngpeople, and includes teachers' packs, quizzes, stories, information sheets,policy and campaign information.
http://www.antibully.org.uk/This site contains advice for young people and children and covers issuessuch as theft, nobody listening, and break time.
www.kidscape.org.uk
This site provides help with child safety and bullying.
http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/dvsequl/harassmtThis site contains information about racial and sexual harassment andhow to deal with it.
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Personal safetyBe safe!
Personal safety is also important.Learn to plan ahead and takepractical precautions to keep yourself safe.
Be aware – trust your intuitionand try not to be influenced by peerpressure.
Be alert – if you are going out, findout how to get to your destinationand tell someone where you are
going and what time you expectto return.
Plan ahead – what will you do if youface violence – your aim should beto get away from the situationquickly. Remember it is not weak to
walk away.Always report incidents – it mayhelp others in the future.
Further useful information isavailable from the Suzy LamplughTrust onhttp://www.suzylamplugh.org/products/g23.shtml
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What happens if I havean accident or contractan industrial disease?
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If you have an accident or becomeill as a result of your work, tell yourschool/college or training provider,who will inform the Learning andSkills Council.
DWP operates an Industrial InjuriesScheme for non-employed statusparticipants on some government-funded programmes.
If you satisfy certain conditions, theDWP can make payments ofindustrial injuries benefits from the15th week after your accident.
Payments are made at the samerates as the Industrial InjuriesScheme for employees. You may stillbe entitled to benefit even if you areable to return to your programme.
If you are unable to continue on your programme because you havehad an accident or have contractedan industrial disease, you should firstcontact your local Jobcentre Plusoffice, as you may be able to claimother benefits immediately.
If you want to know more aboutthe Industrial Injuries Scheme,ask your programme provider ortelephone the SafeLearner line on
the following freephone number:0808 800 4000(The line is open 08.00 – 20.00Monday to Friday and 09.00 – 12.00on Saturday)
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Be safe!
Other useful sourcesof health andsafety informationhttp://www.lsc.gov.uk/National/Partners/PolicyandDevelopment/HealthandSaftey/default.htmwww.dfes.gov.uk/readwriteplus/employer_toolkit
www.safelearner.infowww.hse.gov.uk/hsehome.htmhttp://europe.osha.eu.int/www.safetynews.co.uk/http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~safejobs/www.ohs.labor.net.au/youthsafe/
www.cdc.gov/niosh/adolespg.htmlwww.iosh.co.uk/index.cfmwww.rospa.co.uk/CMS/www.riddor.gov.uk
Useful contacts:
Local Learning and Skills Council Tel No: Jobcentre Plus Tel No:Connexions Service Tel No:Drugs/Substance Telephone Helpline:Samaritans:
Smokers Quitline: 0800 002200Health and Safety Executive InfoLine: 08701 545500Analogous Industrial Injuries Scheme (AIIS) 01977 464070
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Certificate
This is to certify that the above personhas successfully completed the
Be safe! Initial Inductionto health and safety,including:
• Identifying hazards, risks and controls• Identifying own health and safety responsibilities
• Completing a hazard survey• Identifying key health and safety staff members
• Recording the emergency procedures currently in place• Identifying applicable safe work procedures
• Identifying applicable prohibitions and restrictions
(May be used as evidence of personal development)
Position:
Organisation:
Date:
Certificate No:
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WorkbookSome exercises for you to complete
For individuals who are learning abouthealth and safety
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Workbook
Some exercises for youto complete.
You will need to discuss with yoursupervisor and others the issuesraised in Be safe! You should set anapproximate date for completion of
the booklet (usually within the firstfew days of joining yourorganisation) with your learningprovider or workplace supervisor.
When you have completed theactivities successfully, your learningprovider can sign the certificate(contained in this booklet) for youas evidence towards yourprogramme of development.
If you are on an extendedprogramme, you will receive furthermore specific and detailedinstruction and training relatedto your specific circumstancesand needs.
Workbook - next steps
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If the health and safety policy is written, where can it be found?
The name of my supervisor is:
My contact at school/college/training provider is:
(Tell this person if you think your workplace is not looking after yourhealth and safety or if you have an accident.)
The things I am prohibited from doing and restricted from doing arelisted below and have been agreed with my supervisor:
(Continue on the further notes pages if you need to.)
Policy
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Workbook
My organisation’s policies for the issues below are as follows:
Smoking in the workplace:
Alcohol consumption in the workplace:
Drug use/substance abuse:
The person with overall responsibility for health and safety in myorganisation is:
(Continue on the further notes pages if you need to.)
Policy
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Write below the procedure for evacuating the workplace in an emergencyand the procedure for first aid treatment in an accident. Include the namesof the people responsible for any actions:
Write below the name of the person who carries out health and safety riskassessments. If there is more than one, name them all:
The name of the competent health and safety adviser is:
(Continue on the further notes pages if you need to.)
Emergency procedures
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Workbook
Different workplaces have different things that can harm people, calledhazards. Some examples are listed below. Complete a plan of yourworkplace on a separate piece of paper (or a computer) and produce ahazard map showing which hazards are present in different areas. Createa symbol for each hazard and draw them on the plan, with a key toexplain what each symbol means.The plan should also show all safety equipment, for example fireextinguishers, fire exits, escape routes, first aid boxes, signs, and so on.
Examples of hazards include:chemical substances
dust and fumes
excessive noise
moving vehicles
moving parts in machinery
electricity
extremes of heat/cold
work at height
animals
biological substances, for example waste products from animals and
plant poisonsrepetitive movements
uneven floors; and
stress/harassment/bullying. (Add any others you identify below.)
Hazards
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Safe work precautions (controls)
Write down any precautions or controls that you need to knowfor the following:For workplace equipment and tools:
For fumes, dusts, materials, chemicals, etc:
For moving and handling objects:
Precautions/rules in my workplace to prevent trips, slips and falls:
(Continue on the further notes
pages if you need to.)
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Workbook
To be risk aware, you need to identify the hazards in your workplace and findout what measures are in place to combat them. How badly could a personbe hurt? How likely is this to happen?
Find a possible hazard in your workplace or classroom, then answer thefollowing questions:
What is the hazard, and what precautions/controls are there to combat it?If there was an accident, how serious could the injury be?
How likely (or unlikely) is such an accident to happen?
Are there any extra precautions you need to take to BE SAFE?
Carry out a risk assessment
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The key elements for a fire are:
1. F _ _ _
2. H _ _ _ or ( I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )
3. O _ _ _ _ _
The fire prevention rules in my organisation are listed below:
(Continue on the further notes pages if you need to).
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Fire
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Workbook
My main health and safety responsibilities are listed below:
(Reference: See the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and theManagement of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and yourorganisation’s own health and safety policy).
My health and safetyresponsibilities
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Study the details of an accident and try to work out what caused it byasking why it happened. Keep on asking why until you arrive at theunderlying cause(s). For example, the immediate cause of someone slippingup may be oil on the floor, but the underlying cause of this might be unsafeworking practices. When you have found the immediate and underlyingcauses, suggest how such an accident could be prevented in future. Discussthis task with your supervisor/tutor to ensure it is completed correctly.
Accident details:
Immediate cause(s):
Accident/disease case study
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Workbook
Underlying cause(s):
Recommendations to stop it happening again:
For examples of accidents at work you can use for this exercise,try the following websites: www.young-worker.co.uk
www.safelearner.infowww.safetyline.wa.gov.au/
Accident/disease case study
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Be safe! Quick quiz1) What is the most common
cause of accidents inthe workplace?
a) Slips and trips
b) Falling from a height
c) Cutting your finger
2) What should you do beforeeating a meal?
a) Find a knife and fork
b) Wash your hands
c) Take out your chewing gum
3) What should you do if you havelost your safety equipment?
a) Share with your mate, one gloveis better than none
b) Carry on with the job it won’tmatter this once
c) Tell your supervisor and getsome more
4) You notice the keys have beenleft in a fork lift truck and youknow the driver has gone home,do you?
a) Tell your supervisor
b) Decide to have a test drive
c) Do nothing – it’s not yourproblem
5) You are asked to lift a heavybox, do you?
a) Struggle to lift the box – you
don’t want to look weak in frontof your mates
b) Leave the box where it is –someone else can move it
c) Ask your supervisor whether thereare any lifting aids available
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Workbook
Be safe! Quick quiz6) The fire alarm goes just as you
are about to start your lunch,do you?
a) Wait until you have finished your sandwiches and then leavethe building
b) Vacate the building in accordance
with instructionsc) Ignore it – you are always having
false alarms
7) You come into work and noticesome liquid spilled on the floor,
do you?a) Inform the care taker, who
normally deals with this and warn your work colleagues
b) Get a mop and bucket and clearit up yourself
c) Leave it for someone elseto sort out
8) You slip and hurt your arm quitebadly, do you?
a) Wait until you finish work andthen go to casualty – you don’twant to make a fuss
b) Tell your supervisor/first aider, getit treated and enter the accident
in the accident bookc) Ignore it – your arm will feel
better soon, you can use theother one
9) A manager asks you to do a task
but you are unsure how to do it,should you?
a) Explain you have not done itbefore and ask them to show you how
b) Refuse because it’s not in your
job descriptionc) Have a go and use your initiative
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15
10) You are asked to do a task you
consider dangerous, do you?a) Shout aggressively at your
supervisor about the stateof the company
b) Have a go – life is risky
c) Calmly state that you are notwilling to do the task until thesafety measures in place areexplained to you
Answers to Be safe! Quick quizare on page 17 b=3, c=1
Q3: a=2, b=1, c=3
Q4: a=3, b=2, c=1
Q5: a=2, b=1, c=3
Q6: a=1, b=3, c=2
Q7: a=3, b=2, c=1
Q8: a=1, b=3, c=2
Q9: a=3, b=1, c=2
Q10: a=1, b=2, c=3
Your results
30 – excellent you are a safe learner
25 – read Be safe again, don’t beafraid to speak out if you thinksomething is wrong
20 or less – be risk aware, healthand safety is also your responsibility
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Workbook
Why hygiene is important
How to lift items correctly
The safe methods of workingabove ground level
How to operateelectrical equipment
How to operatemachines properly
What to do if substances spillon to your skin or clothes
What the fire drill is
What to do if someoneis injured at work
If not – find out!
Do you know?
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17
Notes
A n s w e r s t o B e s a f e ! Q u i c k q u i z
Q 1 : a = 3 , b = 2 , c = 1 Q 2 : a = 2 , b = 3 , c = 1
Q 3 : a = 2 , b = 1 , c = 3
Q 4 : a = 3 , b = 2 , c = 1
Q 5 : a = 2 , b = 1 , c = 3
Q 6 : a = 1 , b = 3 , c = 2 Q 7 : a = 3 , b = 2 , c = 1
Q 8 : a = 1 , b = 3 , c = 2
Q 9 : a = 3 , b = 1 , c = 2
Q 1 0 : a = 1 , b = 2 , c = 3
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07781 472568
Ring the SafeLearner Line on
or textOpen 08.00 - 20.00 Monday - Friday, 09.00 - 12.00 Saturday
or email
If you are concerned about health and safety in your workplace.
0808 800 4000Ring the SafeLearner Line on
Open 08.00 - 20.00 Monday - Friday, 09.00 - 12.00 Saturday
07781 472568or text
Do
who to
ask
you know?
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if you are concerned abouthealth and safety in your workplace.
If you areconcerned abouthealth and safety
in your workplace.A learner is a safe learner, if through the qualityof their learning experience they:
• Become risk aware
• Gain an understanding of the importance
of health and safety
• Understand how hazards are identified, risksassessed and the principles of control measures
• Develop a set of safe behaviours, which theycan transfer into their future working life.
Do
who to
ask
you know?
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27
Other useful numbers
Suggestions on improvements to this guide are welcome and canbe made to the Learning and Skills Council National Office healthand safety team on: 024 7682 3265.
© LSC June 2005Published by the Learning and Skills Council.
Extracts from this publication may be reproduced for non-commercialeducational or training purposes on condition that the source isacknowledged and the findings are not misrepresented.
This publication is available in electronic form on the Learning and
Skills Council website: www.lsc.gov.ukPublication enquiries: 0870 900 6800
Reference: LSC-P-NAT-050030
Issued by: