BuiltEnvironmentArchitecture

Urbanism

UNStudio // Galleria Department Store, Seoul

Roadmap with a strong emphasis on energy efficiency,user-inspired design and reuse, using cities

as a lab environment for innovative firms thatshare their findings in the cloud.

OMA, Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren, designers, David Gianotten, partner-in-charge // CCTV - Headquarters, Beijing CN (photo by Iwan Baan)

BuiltEnvironmentArchitecture

Urbanism

Editing // Frank van der Hoeven, Bouwkunde, TU DelftDesign // Sirene Ontwerpers, Rotterdam

Images are obtained directly from entrepreneurs that participate inCLICK//BEAU. No part of their work may be reproduced or utilised in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,recording or by any information storage retrieval system, withoutpermission in writing from the referenced creative entrepreneurs.

January 2012

cepezed // Audax Textielmuseum Tilburg (photo by Audax Textielmuseum Tilburg)

6/7 r Scope 8/9 r Vision and ambition

10/11 r Ecosystem 12/13 r Competitiveness

14/15 r Developments 16/17 r Relevance

18/19 r Programme 28/29 r Budget and instruments

30/31 r Network

This CLICK//BEAU innovation and knowledge agenda concerns the Dutch architectural services industry as part of the Dutch creative industry. Its core consists of design firms, academies and institutes in architecture (including interior architecture), architectural engineering, urban design, urban planning, spatial planning, landscape architecture, and built heritage. The architectural services industry is characterised by important crossovers with other creative industries, the supply industry, the building industry and a broad range of other stakeholders in the built environment, including housing associations, energy providers and health services. As such the agenda covers the full width of the field of Built Environment, Architecture & Urbanism.

Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau // BK City, Delft

scope 6/7

BEAU =

architecture, interior architecture,

architectural engineering,urban design,

urban planning, spatial planning,

landscape architecture, and

built heritage

The CLICK//BEAU agenda supports CLICK’s overall ambition tobecome the most innovative creative industry in Europe, an industrythat is no longer restrained by its original disciplinary boundaries.

2020: the most innovative creativeindustry in Europe

New fields

CLICK//BEAU encourages the current architectural services industry to integrate with other creative industries, with supply industries and other partners in the value chain to fully integrate resource efficiency, user-inspired design and reuse into design practices.

ecoNomic aNdcultural importaNce

CLICK//BEAU recognises in the current crisis a unique challenge to spur a new generation of creative entrepreneurs. Architecture and design gives expression to the cultural values of an open society that has developed over centuries. Dutch design is able to provide, through high-quality architecture (including interior architecture), urban design and landscape architecture, an important contribution to the quality of life in the Netherlands.

regioNal impact

CLICK//BEAU acknowledges Amsterdam, Delft, Rotterdam and Eindhoven as important clusters of design and innovation in built environment, architecture and urbanism. The local conditions here can be further developed, allowing its design industries to grow and innovate.

iNtegratioN ofmarket, academia aNdpublic authorities CLICK//BEAU strengthens the international reputation and competitiveness of the Dutch architectural services industry, bolsters innovation through stronger ties and collaboration between design firms, construction industries, corporate owners, user groups, academia and public authorities, and unlocks sources of national and international research funding for the benefit of the built environment, architecture and urbanism research - funding that was not previously visible or accessible.

De Zwarte Hond // Cultural Quarter De Nieuwe Kolk, Assen (photo by Harry Cock)

visioN aNd ambitioN 8/9

Architecture is the only creativeindustry that has been

acknowledged in national policy making for two decades

An intricate network of local and regional organisations and architecture centres are dedicated to knowledge management and interaction, including Architectuur Lokaal. The link between architecture and complex regional development tasks strengthens the bond with new markets and the real estate world, all in search of new sustainable solutions.

This dense tapestry of individual roles of various players in the golden triangle is what characterises the innovation network of Dutch architecture services industry today.

Creative firms such as Claus en Kaan, OMA, UNStudio, MVRDV, KCAP, Maxwan, and West 8 act as international hubs of designers and often function as a springboard for new design firms. A strict separation between practice and academia does not exist. Leading designers teach at the universities and schools in Amsterdam, Delft, Rotterdam and Eindhoven.

It houses the infrastructure of the government’s architecture and design policy: the Netherlands Architecture institute (NAi), the Berlage Institute, the Netherlands Architecture fund (SfA), the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam (IABR). It is also home to OMA, the leading international partnership practising architecture, urbanism, and cultural analysis.

Architecture is the only creative industry that has been acknowledged in national policy making for two decades. The Ministries of Education, Culture and Science and Infrastructure and the Environment are jointly responsible for an active architecture policy that provides a broad infrastructure, effectively facilitating the sector.

The sector is fairly spread out over the western part of the Netherlands with Rotterdam and Amsterdam as clusters of innovative international leading design firms. Rotterdam plays a specific role in this web.

BARCODEArchitects // Stadscampus Spoorzone Tilburg

ecosystem

The ecosystem of the Dutch architectural servicesindustry is predominantly informal and constitutesan intrinsic web of relationships betweendesign firms, knowledge institutes, local andnational authorities and planning bodies.

10/11

Dutch architecture andplanning enjoy a stronginternational reputation.

Given the fact that many spin-offs are started by foreigners, that openness should be extended towards them and their firms as well.

The high quality in design is developed by the Dutch political system in which science, creativity and planning were closely linked. The Modern movement, ‘the Randstad concept’, and the Superdutch architecture are all phenomena born from this special tradition, characterised by conceptual power, pragmatism, flexibility, craftsmanship and originality. The geographical concentration of leading design firms as well as the dense institutional fabric of formal and informal institutions underpins the competitiveness of the sector. The long-standing Dutch tradition of creating opportunities for new firms (for instance, by enlightened commissioning) supports the innovative edge of the sector.

H+N+S Landschapsarchitecten // Water system, New Orleans

Geographical concentration of leading design firms /

Dense institutional fabric of formaland informal institutions

competitiveNess 12/13

The existing fine-grained government-financed infrastructure is about to change as well.The institutes for architecture (NAi), design (Premsela) and new media (Virtueel Platform) will be merging in 2013 into a new Institute for the Creative Industry.The scope of Netherlands Architecture fund will expand to include design and e-culture.The Berlage Institute is about to merge with TU Delft.

The sector as a whole is rethinking its creative entrepreneurial position, and is considering moving into other design areas. The leading design offices have geographically diversified their markets during the last decade and have become true international firms with offices in New York, Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Toronto, and Zürich.

The crisis has set the stage for a radical shake-up of the entire industry, signalling that the sector needs to change. As shown by previous crises (e.g. the 1980s), severe conditions can push firms to adopt new market approaches and innovations, including organisational innovations. The current generation of Superdutch architects is the ‘child’ of such a previous crisis. CLICK//BEAU similarly perceives the current crisis as an innovative opportunity, and not as a threat.

Marx&Steketee architecten // Grote Kerk, Veere (photo by Rene de Wit)

The crisis is an innovative opportunity, not a threat

developmeNt 14/15

Given the ferociousness of the crisis, the current shiftsin the industry – internationalisation, specialisation,diversification, mergers and start-ups – are likelyto continue and to strengthen.

In 2009, the production of architecture and engineering services amounted to €13.6 billion, with an added value of €6.7 billion. Architectural services are furthermore indispensable to the overall construction sector, which accounts for 5% of Dutch domestic gross product.Questioned on the nature of its activities, the architectural service industry has indicated that 25% to 33% of its turnover can be earmarked as research and development activities. The new development towards Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain (DBFOM) offers more incentives to go after innovative solutions, creating the potential for even a larger share.

In a poll commissioned by the UK Centre of Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) in 2002:“81% of people said they are ‘interested in how the built environment looks and feels’, with over a third saying they are ‘very interested’ and another third wanting more of a say in the design of buildings and spaces. 85% of people agreed with the statement ‘better quality buildings and public spaces improve the quality of people’s lives’ and thought that the quality of the built environment made a difference to the way they felt.”

MVRDV // China Comic and Animation Museum, Hangzhou CN

Design in architecture and the built environment hasa key impact on the quality of life of people.

Better quality buildings and public

spaces improve the quality of people’s lives

relevaNce 16/17

CREATIVE CLOUD facilitates sharing libraries, archives, data, and designs with all partners in the creative industry. BEAU proposes such a program because innovation in a fragmented sector requires an approach that allows participants to have (open) access to information, (open) data, research findings, and design concepts.

HOTBED/TEST BED perceives the urban environment as a living lab, allowing designers to switch from a supply-oriented service industry towards a demand-oriented industry. That same urban environment has to provide the niche where new and innovative design businesses can flourish. Hotbed/test bed investigates and improves those conditions.

VALUE CHAIN is the programme activity that reformulates the position of the designer in the value chain, and rethinks the design office in the context of enlightened commissioning and European procurement.

CUTTING EDGE creates knowledge and develops skills that allow the Dutch architectural services industry to develop a competitive edge through advances in strategic areas. The roadmap identifies resource efficiency, user-inspired design and reuse as such areas.

The Dutch architectural service industry has the opportunity toperceive the Dutch society as a ‘living lab’, a territory that facesgrand challenges such as climate and energy.

programme

The cross-cutting topics of the CLICK agenda, the options linking the agendas of otherleading sectors and the related socio-spatial challenges that are identified in the frameworkof the new architecture and design policy represent jointly the innovation themes for theyears to come. Based on discussions with its partners, CLICK//BEAU envisages four newreinforcing programmes: Cutting Edge, Value Chain, Hotbed/Test Bed and Creative Cloud.

Knowledge and skills allow the Dutch architectural services industry to develop

a competitive edge in strategic areas

18/19

A fundamental research approach is required that delves into the requirements of new and retrofitted buildings. How can they respond to different types of uses and users? The answers need to be translated into concepts to be tested in living lab conditions.A similar challenge exists on an urban scale as well. City centres and urban districts often lack a design strategy that gives serious consideration to the requirements of those who use public spaces. Under the current economic conditions, including the prevalence of vacant office and shop premises, it has become clear that some centres and neighbourhoods are less strong than others.

j

USER-INSPIRED DESIGNThe ‘modern movement’ embarked on a course of standardisation and industrialisation of mass and social housing in its drive to create affordable living space for the working class. Repetition became a style icon, both in housing and urban planning. As a result, little attention was paid to societal trends or the development of actual user needs.Nowadays, the reality of the ageing population and the need (including the financial need) to keep people out of care institutions as long as possible provide CLICK//BEAU with a unique incentive to refocus. How can we adapt existing housing and urban areas to the needs of all generations?

easily their market from the Netherlands to the other EU member states, where the same requirements apply. Retrofitting the existing European building stock will provide the sector with work for decades to come. The task allows the introduction of new and innovative high-tech materials with properties that help to improve the quality of life in buildings and the overall urban environment.

RESOURCE EFFICIENCYA pressing innovative leap that the Dutch architectural service industry has to make concerns the recast of the EU directive on energy performance of buildings (2002/91/EC). This directive requires that from 2020, all new buildings (and all buildings that undergo major renovation) become nearly zero energy buildings.

In the course of the next decade, Dutch designers will need to explore how to turn this requirement into new design concepts that allow them to innovate Dutch architecture once more. Becoming international leading experts in the field of zero energy building will allow the architectural design industry to expand

Cutting edgeprogramme

From time to time, the architecture and built environment sector is able to take a collectiveleap forward as a result of external impulses, such as the introduction of national or EUregulations or the current economic crisis. The next innovative leap that the architectureservices industry has to make concerns resource efficiency, user-inspired design, and reuse.

20/21

performance of urban areas and buildings in support of planning and design.

VACANT User-based approach for vacant buildings and concepts of temporary use.

first iNitiatives 2012/2013

POLYARCH A groundbreaking initiative that explores the use of polymer coatings in architecture. Polymer coatings are smart materials that have the potential to revolutionise functions and properties of the building’s facade. Polymers can improve the sustainability of the built environment, reduce the use of fossil fuels and improve user comfort in buildings.

CITYLAB 0X0 Citylab 0X0 investigates the way people use city centres, their services and transport systems through the real-time observation of users. The city centres of the participating cities will act as testing ground. The programme develops an observation/tracking methodology that is scalable and can be combined with instruments and models that describe and predict the

REUSE The dominant design mission in Europe is clearly changing from constructing new buildings and new districts towards the reuse of existing buildings and existing neighbourhoods. This shift requires new methods for assessing the value of the existing built environment and for new design concepts, including new concepts that allow buildings and districts to be improved in terms of resource efficiency, health, security and mobility.Reuse allows the architectural services industry to develop an important and strategic new market that will steadily develop in much of the EU member states and beyond.

j The performance of centres and urban districts can improve significantly if the design of buildings and public spaces is based on a thorough understanding of the behaviour of users.User-inspired design involves with the knowledge that is required to allow the architectural service industry to move away from a supply-driven approach towards a demand-oriented one.

Cutting edgeprogramme 22/23

first iNitiatives 2012/2013

PALLADIO NWO/STW and the deans of the Delft and Eindhoven faculties of Architecture will be initiating a programme called Palladio in 2012. Palladio focuses on the aesthetic, technological and sustainable aspects of architecture in the context of enlightened commissioning and European procurement. As the first of its kind, the programme will be used to explore the specific assessment criteria that allow a proper assessment of architecture and built environment programmes.

the resource efficiency of the design of buildings, districts and cities, and can reinforce the Cutting Edge programme.Key topics that need to be addressed by CLICK//BEAU under the Value Chain topic are enlightened commissioning, European procurement, Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the next architectural services. The programme fits seamlessly with the CLICK’s CI//NEXT cross-cutting theme.

The challenge is to develop new concepts for services offered by architects, crossovers with other design industries, and new collaborations within the value chain.New ways of developing buildings, such as the Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain (DBFOM) principle, may change the position of the designer in the value chain. The architect/designer can grow into a creative director, firmly footed on his/her operational excellence.The optimisation of the value chain requires an improved flow of primarily digital information that spans the all the way from design via construction and use to reuse. This flow of information offers the opportunity to benchmark

An architectural service industry that becomes international will however encounter many more commissioning parties than just Dutch clients.Commissioning is further complicated through the rules of European procurement that often pose obstacles for young and innovative design offices. Research is required into solutions that allow new offspring offices to bid for procured commissions as young talent struggles with the requirements of procurement in a context where the quality of commissioning is improved. The realignment of the design and construction industry forces most actors to reconsider their role and position in that value chain, not just the designer.

Value Chainprogramme

The role of designers in the value chain is often limited to providingservices to a commissioning party. The designer’s role strongly dependson the quality of that party. Enlightened commissioning receives muchdeserved attention in the Dutch architectural and design policy.

24/25

first iNitiatives 2012/2013

VIRTUAL ARCHITECTURE LIBRARY The Netherlands Architecture institute, TU Delft’s Faculty of Architecture (FoA) and the TU Delft Library are initiating an attempt at developing a joint interface that will unlock their collections to all users, and to digitise the most valuable and sought-after parts of their collections. The project will seek funding from the NWO or EU.Virtual Architecture Archive. The Netherlands Architecture institute, TU Delft’s Faculty of Architecture and the 3TU Datacentre are making a joint attempt at establishing a repository for storing attributes from the NAi’s and FoA’s collections, and for archiving the data files of the most prominent players in the Dutch architectural services industry. This project will also seek funding from the NWO or EU.

The development of a creative cloud is a cross-cutting action that is intended to generate those ’design-driven solutions’ that individual designers are not always capable of. It allows them to link to ICT design, industrial design, web design, graphic design, sustainable design, and cultural heritage that are all included in the cloud.The main objective of the creative cloud programme is to share libraries, archives, data, and designs to ensure that the whole creative industry can benefit from the investments in the CLICK//BEAU programming.

programme provides the architectural service industry a test environment that supports the conversion of supply-driven industry towards demand-oriented industry. At the same time, it is aimed at improving the innovative environment in which the sector operates.

first iNitiatives 2012/2013

DELFT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS LAB The city of Delft, the TU-Delft and the The Hague and INHolland schools for higher professional education are about to initiate the so-called Delft Design & Technology Solutions Lab as a concept towards open innovation, valorisation, and (pre-)incubation. The initiative covers industrial design and architectural design as a lever to technological innovations.

Participating cities (and/or regions) will in addition actively engage in improving the conditions that allow design firms to excel. Such actions include the establishment of design services incubators, and experiments with areas where innovative projects no longer have to deal with red tape. The programme covers communication, imaging and framing: discourses, ideology, marketing and branding in relation to the crossovers with spatial and infrastructure planning, industrial design, advertising and fashion. The programme includes the participation of smaller and bigger companies in the field of real estate, sustainability and social housing, cities and regions.The Hotbed/Test Bed

Hotbed/Test bedprogramme

The programme focuses on reinforcing the Netherlands as a hotbedand test bed for innovative international design services, educationand research. Cities will function as ‘living lab’ environmentsfor the innovations that are identified under ‘cutting edge’.

Creative cloudprogramme

The fragmented architectural services industry needs to shareinnovations and knowledge between firms and knowledge institutesin an open data/open access environment, the creative cloud.

26/27

spur innovation in the built environment, architecture and urbanism though demand-based innovation. The state, provinces, regions and municipalities commission many projects involving buildings, public spaces, centres, districts, cities and landscapes. This means the government can play a strategic role as an early adaptor of innovations, while paving the way for innovative start-up design firms.

EU The EU provides additional funding opportunities through the FP7 EEB PPP, INTERREG, the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programmes, Joint Programming Initiatives on Urban Europe and Cultural Heritage & Global Change. Success rates in European programmes are low. CLICK//BEAU welcomes a subsidy scheme for coordinators/lead partners that allow them to invest time and money in the development of European research proposals.

NWO Fundamental research is required into the topics of energy efficiency, user behaviour and reuse. These areas cover respectively the traditional NWO fields of technology (STW), social sciences and the humanities. In assessing the quality of researchers and proposals, NWO should incorporate design as a core qualification for research in Built Environment, Architecture, Urbanism.

TNO The TNO budget includes instruments such as Technology Cluster, Branch Innovation Contract, and Co-financing. TNO’s position in the Energy Efficiency Building association could be of strategic importance in the area of resource efficiency.

UNIVERSITIES The universities operate in the areas of fundamental research, applied research and valorisation.

REGION National, regional and local governments can

status as technology in this respect. Design is a solid driver of innovation in the architectural services industry. Instruments that are aimed at supporting innovation need to underscore this. Definitions should be adjusted where necessary.Innovatie Prestatie Contracten (IPC) can be useful as well. An IPC subsidy however amounts to €25k per SME for projects with a total of 10 to maximum 20 SMEs. An IPC project can therefore be budgeted between €250k (small) and €500k (large).

FDCI INNOVATION VOUCHERSThe ‘Federatie Dutch Creative Industries’ (FDCI) proposes to introduce innovation vouchers that facilitate short-term research projects, initiated by the creative industry and conducted by research institutes, universities and the industry itself. These vouchers will be relatively small, worth €7,500 each, but there are hundreds of SMEs in the sector that could make use of them.

FIRMS A recent poll of the members of the ‘Federatie Dutch Creative Industries’ (FDCI) shows that creative entrepreneurs are willing to invest an average of €14,000 out of pocket and €3,500 in staff time in the CLICK programme. The goal is to include up to hundred participating entrepreneurs.

MINISTRY OF EL&I The same FDCI poll revealed that 55% of them were aware of instruments such as the WBSO, but never applied for them, while 25% of the members had even never heard of them. In all, 80% of the creative entrepreneurs have no experience with the WBSO, or have even heard of it.EL&I needs to ensure that the instruments such as the WBSO, RDA, RDA+ or IPC are tailor-made for the creative industry. Design-driven innovation often lacks the formal recognition that technology-driven research and development enjoy. Design however deserves the same

Budget CLICK//BEAU 2015

budget aNd iNstrumeNts

Financier

Activities

Firms Foundations

Associations

Commissioning

parties

Universities

& HBO

EL&I NWO KNAW TNO Region EU

Fundamental research 500k 500k 2000k 500kApplied research 500k 500k 500k 500k 1000k 500k 500kValorisation 1000k 250k 1000k 500k 1000k 250kTotal 1500k 750k 2000k 1500k 2000k 2000k 500k 250k 1000k

28/29

// 3TU.Bouw/ Centre of Expertise on the Built Environment // ARUP // aTA/architectuurcentrale Thijs Asselbergs // Barcode Architects

// Berlage Institute // BO.2 architectuur en stedenbouw bv // Stichting Brabant Academy // Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau

// Brink Groep B.V. // cepezed // Claus en Kaan architecten // Delft Design // Gemeente Delft // Dick van Gameren architecten

// H+N+S Landschapsarchitecten // Hogeschool voor de Kunsten Utrecht (HKU) // HunterDouglas Europe B.V. // Inbo

// Koninklijke Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst Bond van Nederlandse Architectecten BNA // Marx&Steketee architecten // MVRDV // Neutelings Riedijk Architecten

// OMA // ONL [Oosterhuis_Lénárd] BV // Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) // Gemeente Rotterdam

// Spierings en Swart Architectenbureau // TNO Gebouwde Omgeving // TU Delft / College van Bestuur // TU Delft / Faculteit Bouwkunde

// TU Eindhoven / Faculteit Bouwkunde // UNStudio // VAA. Van Aken Architecten // VU Amsterdam / Faculteit der Letteren

// De Zwarte Hond

ChairmenFrank van der Hoeven <f.d.vanderhoeven@tudelft.nl>

Fred Schoorl <FSchoorl@bna.nl>

OMA/AMO // Roadmap 2050: A practical guide to a prosperous, Low-Carbon Europe

click//beau 2011 Network 30/31