beginnings of the civil rights movement ppt
TRANSCRIPT
■Essential Question:–What were the significant events
in the history of African Americans before the civil rights movement?
African Americans in U.S. HistoryAfrican Americans in U.S. History■To better appreciate the impact of the
Civil Rights movement, let’s review the struggles African Americans faced over time–Working with a partner, complete the
timeline of events in U.S. history that impacted African Americans
–Each era on the timeline has a matching “Injustice” & “Achievement” event
–Answers will be revealed in a brief ppt
Slavery in American History
(1619-1865)
Slavery in American History ■ In 1619, the 1st African slaves
were introduced in the colonies
■ By 1660, slave labor replaced indentured servitude as the main colonial labor system:–Slaves worked on tobacco
& rice plantations in Southern colonies
–Slaves worked as domestic servants in Northern colonies
Timeline Answers: Colonial Era:
D & 8
Before the American Revolution, slaves were present in each of the 13 colonies
The Northwest Ordinance (1787), outlawed slavery
By 1804, 9 outlawed
slavery
In 1808, the USA outlawed
the African slave trade
The Revolutionary War (1776-1783) changed attitudes towards slavery
But, the Founding Fathers did not abolish slavery
Timeline Answers: The New Nation:
I & 3
1790 1830
From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as slavery expanded into the West“King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South
Timeline Answers: Early Antebellum:
G & 5
Slavery in America, 1860From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as slavery expanded into the West
1860
During Manifest Destiny, tensions over slavery increased as TexasTexas & the Mexican CessionMexican Cession were added
The Compromises of 18201820 & 18501850 only temporarily settled the issue
Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, & Harriet Beecher Stowe
attacked slavery
Sectional events led to Civil War: Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott case,
John Brown’s Raid, Election of Lincoln in 1860
Timeline Answers: Late Antebellum
B & 6
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 which made the Civil War about slavery
Reconstruction & the Jim Crow Era
(1865-1954)
The Union victory in the Civil War led to the: 13th Amendment (ended slavery) 14th Amendment (citizenship for freedmen) 15th Amendment (voting rights for freedmen) Freedman’s Bureau & five military zones
The South responded with the KKK & black codes;
Reconstruction ended in 1877
Timeline Answers: Civil War &
Reconstruction: A & 1
States with Jim Crow LawsJim Crow laws created segregation Poll taxes, literacy tests, &
grandfather clauses Most blacks were sharecroppers
In 1896, the Supreme Court declared “separate but equal” in the Plessy v Ferguson case
Civil rights leaders WEB DuBois & Booker T Washington fought against
segregation laws; the NAACP was formed to help African Americans
Timeline Answers: Gilded Age & Progressives:
H & 7
World War I & the 1920s During WWI, the Great Migration led African American workers into the North; Black soldiers fought in segregated units
In the 1920s, African Americans
experienced the Harlem Renaissance
In the 1930s, FDR’s New Deal discriminated
against black workers
Timeline Answers: WWI & 1920s:
C & 2
World War II
In WWII, the Great Migration helped break sharecropping in the South
A. Philip Randolph pressured FDR to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission
Timeline Answers: 1930s & WWII:
F & 9
In the 1950s, white flight to the suburbs & Jim Crow laws
left the U.S. segregated
Timeline Answers: Post War:
E & 4
The Modern Civil Rights Movement
(1954-1965)
By 1950, the United States was a segregated society:Jim Crow laws
throughout the South created
a segregated society (de jure segregation)
White flight to the suburbs left African Americans in poor inner cities
(de facto segregation)
But after WWII, African Americans gained success in civil rights
In 1948, Truman became the 1st president to attack segregation
Truman issued an executive order to
integrate the military
He outlawed discrimination in the hiring of government employees
Integration of the Military
■Truman integrates the military■http://www.history.com/topics/
black-history/civil-rights-movement/videos/blacks-in-the-military?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
Jackie Robinson signing his professional contract with Brooklyn Dodgers owner
Branch Rickey in 1945 Robinson made his MLB debut in 1947
Robinson won Rookie of the Year in 1947
Robinson won National League MVP in 1949
In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the 1st black major league baseball player
Jackie Robinson
■http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-month/videos/jackie-robinson-breaks-barriers
The modern Civil Rights movement began in 1954 with the Supreme Court decision
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, KansasThe NAACP took the lead in civil rights; Segregated
schools became their primary target
Their strategy was to use lawsuits to challenge that segregation violated
the 14th Amendment
Brown v Board of Education in 1954The Topeka school district denied Linda Brown from attending a white school 4 blocks from her house
NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall
used the 14th Amendment to attack public school
segregation
Marshall argued that even “equal” schools, if separate, imply that
black children are inferior to whites
The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Brown v Board of Education (1954) ruled
“separate facilities are inherently unequal”Chief Justice Earl
Warren stated that segregation violated
the “equal protection clause” of the
14th Amendment
The decision overturned the Plessy v Ferguson (1896) “separate but equal” precedent
“Separate But Equal”
■http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement/videos/separate-but-not-equal?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
The Brown decision was divisive:Schools integrated in Baltimore, St Louis, &
Washington DC
But Southern state leaders vowed to resist integration & the KKK returned to block
integration
At first, President Eisenhower left enforcement of Brown up to states & did not enforce the decision
Resistance to Brown “The people of Georgia will
not comply with the decision of the court…
We're going to do whatever is necessary in Georgia to
keep white children in white schools and colored
children in colored schools."
In 1957, President Eisenhower was forced to support integration
Arkansas governor Orval Faubus called the National Guard to keep black students from enrolling in Little Rock’s Central High School
Arkansas Governor
Orval Faubus
Eisenhower sent the Army to force integration for the black students (the “Little Rock Nine”)
Little Rock Nine
■http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement/videos/little-rock-nine-rev?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
Conclusions■The Brown v BOE decision was the first
major step towards ending Jim Crow segregation in America–The NAACP provided a model for other
civil rights leaders to follow by using the 14th Amendment
–Resistance to Brown revealed that civil rights leaders could not rely on the gov’t to protect rights
■New leaders would soon emerge to take charge of the movement