beginnings to 1763 exploration & the colonial era

31
BEGINNINGS TO 1763 BEGINNINGS TO 1763 EXPLORATION & THE EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA COLONIAL ERA

Upload: jerome-obrien

Post on 27-Dec-2015

223 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

BEGINNINGS TO 1763BEGINNINGS TO 1763

EXPLORATION & THE EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERACOLONIAL ERA

THE AMERICAS, WEST AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, WEST AFRICA, AND EUROPE – SECTION 1AND EUROPE – SECTION 1

►Ancient CivilizationsAncient Civilizations►Greek EmpireGreek Empire►Roman EmpireRoman Empire►Egyptian EmpireEgyptian Empire►China/ HunsChina/ Huns►Aztecs & MayansAztecs & Mayans► Incas & Miss. Incas & Miss.

Mound BuildersMound Builders

NATIVE AMERICAS IN 1400SNATIVE AMERICAS IN 1400S

► Native American Native American societies in North societies in North America were as America were as varied as the varied as the geographygeography

► The The Pueblo (SW) Pueblo (SW) and and Iroquois (NE) Iroquois (NE) were were two famous tribestwo famous tribes

► Most of the tribes in Most of the tribes in America had America had common religious common religious views, trade views, trade patterns & valuespatterns & values

WEST AFRICAN SOCIETIES OF WEST AFRICAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400STHE 1400S

►Old World- Europe Old World- Europe and parts of Asia and parts of Asia and Africaand Africa

►New World- New World- North,Central, and North,Central, and South AmericaSouth America

►Beringia Land Beringia Land Bridge- ice age Bridge- ice age bridge btw/ the 2.bridge btw/ the 2.

EUROPEAN SOCIETIES OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400S1400S

► European villages European villages had a long tradition had a long tradition of of social hierarchy social hierarchy – – complete with nobles, complete with nobles, merchants & merchants & peasantspeasants

► Christianity Christianity played a played a critical role – religious critical role – religious leaders had powerleaders had power

► The Reformation The Reformation in in the early 1500s led to the early 1500s led to a split in the churcha split in the church

Martin Luther

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

USA Test PrepUSA Test Prep

►School Name: Landrum High SchoolSchool Name: Landrum High School►Subscription: South Carolina HSAP/ Subscription: South Carolina HSAP/

EOCEPEOCEP►Username: landrumscUsername: landrumsc►Student Password: newton62Student Password: newton62►[email protected]@Spart1.org

SPANISH NORTH AMERICA – SPANISH NORTH AMERICA – SECTION 2SECTION 2

► Columbus crosses the Columbus crosses the Atlantic Atlantic in October of in October of 1492 and lands in San 1492 and lands in San Salvador (“Holy Salvador (“Holy Savior”)Savior”)

► He spent about 3 He spent about 3 months exploring months exploring Islands in the BahamasIslands in the Bahamas

► Europeans used Europeans used advanced weapons to advanced weapons to force locals into labor: force locals into labor: Plantation System Plantation System

► Disease devastated Disease devastated Native populationNative population

IMPACT OF COLUMBUSIMPACT OF COLUMBUS

►Columbus get Columbus get the help from the help from Spain. Why?Spain. Why?

►This changes the This changes the economy and economy and power structure power structure in Europe.in Europe.

The Columbian Biological Exchange

SyphilisSmallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold

Diseases:

New World to Old World:

Old World to New World:

| This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements

The Columbian Biological Exchange

TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs

Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickens

Animals:

New World to Old World:Old World to New World:

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados

Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass

Plants:

New World to Old World:Old World to New World:

SPAIN CLAIMS A NEW EMPIRESPAIN CLAIMS A NEW EMPIRE

► Spanish explorers Spanish explorers (Conquistadors)(Conquistadors) seized seized much of the Americasmuch of the Americas

► CortesCortes conquered the conquered the Aztecs in MexicoAztecs in Mexico

► PizzaroPizzaro conquered the conquered the Incas in Peru Incas in Peru

► Exploitation of local Exploitation of local populations was populations was significant – significant – Encomienda SystemEncomienda System

SPAIN EXPLORES SOUTHWEST SPAIN EXPLORES SOUTHWEST AND WESTERN AMERICAAND WESTERN AMERICA

►Spain lead the way Spain lead the way until the are until the are defeated in a defeated in a naval battle in the naval battle in the North Sea and North Sea and English Channel by English Channel by the English Navy. the English Navy. 1588/Spanish 1588/Spanish ArmadaArmada

California Missions

EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – SECTION 3SECTION 3

► Beginning in the early Beginning in the early 1600s, the English 1600s, the English established colonies established colonies along the eastern coast along the eastern coast of North Americaof North America

► 1607: Jamestown1607: Jamestown was was first to be settledfirst to be settled

► John Smith led this John Smith led this group of settlersgroup of settlers

► Colony struggled at Colony struggled at first, then was saved by first, then was saved by Tobacco cropTobacco crop

PURITANS CREATE A “NEW PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND”ENGLAND”

► Pilgrims come to Pilgrims come to Plymouth 1620Plymouth 1620

►Mayflower compactMayflower compact►Separatists from Separatists from

the English Churchthe English Church►Mass. Bay Mass. Bay

CompanyCompany

1630 best organized1630 best organized

Non-separatistsNon-separatistsPURITAN, OR “PILGRIM”

COLONISTS MEET COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCERESISTANCE

► New England Colonists New England Colonists (Puritans) soon (Puritans) soon conflicted with the conflicted with the Native Americans over Native Americans over land & religionland & religion

► King Philip’s War King Philip’s War was was fought in 1675 between fought in 1675 between the Natives and the Natives and Puritans ending a year Puritans ending a year later with many dead later with many dead and the Natives and the Natives retreatingretreating

SETTLING THE MIDDLE SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIESCOLONIES

►New England-New England-Above New YorkAbove New York

►Mid-Colonies- NY Mid-Colonies- NY to Delawareto Delaware

►Southern Southern Colonies-Colonies-Maryland to Maryland to GeorgiaGeorgia

ENGLAND’S COLONIES ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPERPROSPER

► Throughout the 1600s Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, more British and 1700s, more British Colonies were Colonies were establishedestablished

► By 1752, the English By 1752, the English Crown had assumed Crown had assumed more & more more & more responsibility for the 13 responsibility for the 13 coloniescolonies

► Mercantilism & Mercantilism & Navigation ActsNavigation Acts were were two such ways that the two such ways that the English government English government controlled the coloniescontrolled the colonies

King George III

MERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE

MERCANTILISM

NAVIGATION ACTSNAVIGATION ACTS

►Series of laws that Series of laws that kept colonies from kept colonies from competing with competing with England.England.

►Colonies exist to Colonies exist to serve as source of serve as source of raw materials and raw materials and markets for good markets for good made in Englandmade in England

THE COLONIES COME OF AGE – THE COLONIES COME OF AGE – SECTION 4SECTION 4

► New England, Middle New England, Middle Colonies, and the South Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct – all developed distinct economies and societieseconomies and societies

► In the South, rural In the South, rural PlantationsPlantations with a single with a single cash crop were commoncash crop were common

► Small Southern farmers Small Southern farmers (Germans, Scots, Irish) (Germans, Scots, Irish) and African slaves made and African slaves made up the majority of up the majority of people people

Southern Plantation

THE MIDDLE PASSAGETHE MIDDLE PASSAGE

►Slaves carried Slaves carried from Africa’s West from Africa’s West Coast to New Coast to New WorldWorld

AFRICANS MAINTAIN PARTS OF AFRICANS MAINTAIN PARTS OF THEIR CULTURETHEIR CULTURE

► Despite enslavement, Despite enslavement, Africans coped with the Africans coped with the horrors of slavery via horrors of slavery via music, dance, and music, dance, and storytellingstorytelling

► Slaves also resisted their Slaves also resisted their position of subservience position of subservience by faking illness, by faking illness, breaking tools, or work breaking tools, or work slowdowns slowdowns

► Others were more radical Others were more radical and tried escape & revoltand tried escape & revolt

THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE GREAT AWAKENINGGREAT AWAKENING

► 1700s: An intellectual 1700s: An intellectual movement known as the movement known as the EnlightenmentEnlightenment began in began in Europe and a religious Europe and a religious movement known as the movement known as the Great AwakeningGreat Awakening started in the Coloniesstarted in the Colonies

► The Enlightenment The Enlightenment emphasized reason, emphasized reason, science, and science, and observation and led to observation and led to the discovery of natural the discovery of natural lawslaws

► Copernicus, Galileo, Copernicus, Galileo, Franklin and Newton Franklin and Newton were key figureswere key figures

RELIGIOUS REVIVAL: THE GREAT RELIGIOUS REVIVAL: THE GREAT AWAKENINGAWAKENING

►Stirred the Stirred the Colonies to Colonies to question authority.question authority.

► Impact on the Impact on the Revolution-sparked Revolution-sparked Democratic Ideas Democratic Ideas that made that made Americans Americans question England’s question England’s unfair treatment.unfair treatment.

FRENCH AND INDIAN FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR/Aka the 7 years warWAR/Aka the 7 years war

► Competition in North Competition in North America led to a war America led to a war (1754-1763) between (1754-1763) between old rivals old rivals France and France and EnglandEngland

► The French in North The French in North America were America were tradesmen (furs) not tradesmen (furs) not long-term inhabitantslong-term inhabitants

► Ohio River valley was Ohio River valley was the site of the conflictthe site of the conflict

► The Colonists supported The Colonists supported the British while the the British while the Natives supported the Natives supported the FrenchFrench

FRENCH INDIAN WAR BY NAT YOUNGBLOOD

BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD ENEMYENEMY

►The Treaty of The Treaty of Paris 1763 gave Paris 1763 gave the British Control the British Control of Canada and the of Canada and the Ohio Valley.Ohio Valley.

►The French were The French were gone from NA and gone from NA and England with a England with a huge war debthuge war debt

WILLIAM PITT ON A COIN

PROCLAMATION LINE OF PROCLAMATION LINE OF 17631763

► To avoid further costly To avoid further costly conflicts with Native conflicts with Native Americans, the British Americans, the British government prohibited government prohibited colonists from settling colonists from settling west of the west of the Appalachian Appalachian MountainsMountains

► The Proclamation The Proclamation established a line along established a line along the Appalachian that the Appalachian that colonists could not colonists could not cross (They did anyway)cross (They did anyway)

► Next More taxes and Next More taxes and RevolutionRevolution