behaviour of fuel

8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel

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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course

1

Behavior of Fuel

(Incident Command & Control)


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Types of Fuels

Solid fuels

Liquid fuels Flammable liquids (Boiling Point < 37.8 oC

Combustible liquids (Boiling Point !" 37.8 oC

#aseous fuels


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$me%gen&y 'n&idents

Fi%e

elease

To)i&

Flammable * Combustible

$)plosion


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$me%gen&y 'n&ident + Fi%e

Fi%e o% &ombustion, is a chemical process caused by the combination of one or more substances withoxygen. In order to start this process, normally an initial source of heat is required. During this process fuel and

oxygen is consumed and as a result heat, light, smoeand toxic gases are produced.

Classifi&ation of Fi%e, Class - , Solid &ombustible mate%ials

Class B , Flammable liquid

Class C , Flammable gas

Class , /etal


5/16Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course

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Stages of Fi%e

Sta%t

#%o0t1

e&ay

Fuel 2apo%s (at surface )

2apo%s 4)ygen Fi%e

5eating

5eating


6/16Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course

'nitial stage of fi%e

" T1e quantity of 1eat %equi%ed to p%odu&e 6apou% at t1e su%fa&e

totally depends on t1e pa%ti&ula% &ombustible substan&e (e.g..ood Coal Fuel 4il et&.

" 4)ygen is f%eely a6ailable in t1e atmosp1e%e (about 9: ;


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Fully g%o0n Fi%e

" Liquid Fuel Can Still Bu%n 1en 49 Le6el %op to :; But

Ceases to Bu%n 1en it ea&1es at :=;." Solid mate%ials &ontinue to bu%n o% at least glo0ing until t1e

o)ygen &ontent in t1e ai% is %edu&ed to >;


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e&ay ? deat1 of Fi%e

" Fi%e gets e)tinguis1ed o% dies by

# Sta%6ing fo% fuel # edu&tion in o)ygen

# emo6al o% %edu&tion in 1eat


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Solid fuels

Classifi&ation of Solid Fuels. Flammable solids (t1ose 01i&1 tend to loose 6alen&e s1ellele&t%ons quite %eadily. $.g. /agnesium -luminium

Spontaneously &ombustible mate%ials (py%op1o%i& o% self1eating mate%ials. $.g. Titanium t%i+&1lo%ide p1osp1o%ous

ate% %ea&ti6e mate%ials (dange%ous 01en 0et mate%ials.$.g. Sodium Potassium Cal&ium

Self %ea&ti6e mate%ials (t1ose 01i&1 unde%go e)ot1e%mi&de&omposition at no%mal o% ele6ated tempe%atu%e. $.g.1yd%ides niti%des p1osp1ides ? bo%onides.

Sub &atego%ies /etalli& solids

@on+metalli& solids


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Solid fuels on &ombustion

/ole&ules a%e bounded toget1e% by bonds.

Bonds gets agitated 01en 1eat is applied.

Some mole&ules b%eaA apa%t and &ombines

0it1 o)ygen. esults in e)ot1e%mi& %ea&tion leading to&1ain %ea&tion.

- fe0 mate%ials &ontain suffi&ient o)ygen to

suppo%t &ombustion 1en&e &an bu%n in t1eabsen&e of ai%.


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Liquid fuels

Catego%ies of Liquid Fuels 5yd%o&a%bons (-lAanes -lAenes -lAynes Cy&li& 5Cs

@on 1yd%o&a%bon (Py%op1o%i& ? 5ype%goli&

Classifi&ation of Pet%oleum (-ny liquid

1yd%o&a%bon o% mi)tu%e of 1yd%o&a%bons and any inflammablemi)tu%e &ontaining liquid 1yd%o&a%bon

Class - , FP < 93oC

Class B , FP !" 93oC < >oC

Class C , FP !" >oC < 3oC


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Liquid Fuel(P%ope%ties 'nfluen&ing Combustion

2apou% p%essu%eFlas1 point

Boiling point

Spe&ifi& g%a6ity

2olatility2apou% density

'gnition tempe%atu%e (-uto ignition temp.

Flammability limits * $)plosi6e %ange

ate% Solubility


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Liquid Fuel on Combustion

Fi%e &at&1es only 0it1in t1e flammablelimits.

Tempe%atu%e of liquid in&%eases only till its

Boiling point. Fu%t1e% 1eating %esults inmo%e 6apo%iation only.

Fo% p%odu&ts 0it1 multiple boiling point($.g. C%ude 4il t1e tempe%atu%e %ises up

to t1e Boiling point of t1e lig1test pointbefo%e it &at&1es fi%e.


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#aseous Fuel

Classifi&ation of #aseous fuel Liquefied gases (01i&1 &an be liquefied at 9:oC byin&%easing p%essu%e to 6apou% p%essu%e

@on liquefied Comp%essed gases (01i&1 e)ists solely in t1egaseous state unde% p%essu%e at no%mal tempe%atu%e. $.g.

5yd%ogen 5elium

C%yogeni& liquids (t1ose made f%om gases liquefied by&ooling to 6e%y lo0 tempe%atu%es $.g. L@#

Classifi&ation by usage Fuel gases (fo% 1eating &ooAing. $.g. LP#

'ndust%ial gases (fo% 0elding &utting &1emi&al p%o&essing


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#aseous Fuel on &ombustion

'gnite in one single stage 0it1out p%elimina%y0a%ming up.

Some gases 1ea6ie% t1an ai% a&&umulates at lo0e%le6el. T1e lig1te% ones 0ill %ise to t1e atmosp1e%e

Be1a6io% of gas depends on &1emi&al p1ysi&alp%ope%ties and t1e &onditions unde% 01i&1 it is1andled liAe Tempe%atu%e p%essu%e and 6olume.

P%essu%e is a%guably t1e most impo%tant aspe&t of a&losed gas &ontaine%. (#auge p%essu%e ? -bsolute

p%essu%e


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Fi%e #i6e T1e TestDust -1ead 4f T1e Lesson

behaviour of fuel

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