Beijing Experience

on Coal-burning Pollution Control

Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau

November, 2018

Ⅲ What We Have Achieved

Main Content

I Brief Introduction of Beijing

Ⅱ What We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

Landform：Mountains around

Area：16,000 km2

Climate：Temperate continental

monsoon

Annual precipitation：448 mm

Population：> 21 million

Vehicle fleet：> 5.9 million

Annual Energy Consumption:

71.3 million tce

Total construction area under

process ： 200 million m2

I. Brief Introduction

1990s, Beijing encountered severe air pollution. The research showed that coal

combustion was the main source. Since that time Beijing adopted the Clean

Energy Strategy, and vigorously developed electricity, natural gas and

renewable energy to cut emission and optimize energy mix

The coal consumption in Beijing mainly in four areas: Power Plant, Heating

Boilers, Industry, Household Stove

ⅡWhat We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

燃气锅炉

延庆德青源沼气发电北京官厅风力发电场Gas-fired boiler

煤改电

Guanting Wind

Power PlantUtilization of solar energy

in rural areas

Ⅱ What We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

（Ⅰ） Coal-fired Power Plants emission control

1998

Dedusting facilities

adopted for coal-fired

power plant

2000

desulfurization

facilities

adopted

2007

denitrification

facilities

adopted

2010

began to build

4 gas-fired

Co-generation

power plant

2014

the Datang Gaojing

coal-fired power

plant shut down

2015

the Beijing Energy

coal-fired

power plant and

Guohua

coal-fired power

plant shut down

2016

the Huaneng

1st phase

coal-fired

power plant

shut down

2017

4 Co-generation

power plant

completed

A history of terminal pollutants removal to clean energy substitution

Reduce power plant coal use

Ⅱ What We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

（Ⅱ）Coal Reduction of Boilers◆

Coal-fired boilers were replaced mainly by natural gas boilers, electricity boilers, initially in

core-urban area, then in the other urban districts, eventually in suburb districts

◆Since Nov. 2015, no coal-fired boilers in urban districts of Beijing.

◆Now there are almost no coal-fired boilers in Beijing. From 1998 to 2018, 25.3 thousand

boilers (without small tea/bath ones), the total capacity fo which was 91.2 thousand ton

steam/hour, have been replaced

Phase Focus On Zone completed

Phase 1 coal-fired boilers below

1 ton steam/hour &

small tea cooking/bath

water heating boilers

urban districts

Replaced 10,633 boilers,

22,410 t/h in sum.

replaced about 44,000

small tea/bath boilers（1998-2002）

Phase 2 coal-fired boilers below

20 ton steam/hoururban districts

replaced 5,704 boilers,

22,141 t/h in sum（2003-2008）

Phase 3 coal-fired boilers above

20 ton steam/hoururban districts

replaced 598 boilers, 5,769

t/h in sum（2009-2012）

Phase 4 coal-fired boilers below

10 ton steam/hour

urban & suburb

districts

Replaced 8,312 boilers,

39,166 t/h in sum（2013-2017）

Reduce coal-burning boilers

Ⅱ What We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

燃气锅炉Gas-fired boiler

Urbanization

pull down illegal buildings

LPG for cooking

Clean energy for winter heating

replace poor-quality coal by

good-quality coal

“five measures”

（Ⅲ）Household Coal Reduction

Ⅱ What We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

Phase Year Urban Suburb SubtotalNumber of

villages

Phase1 2001-2008 93,700

----

93.7

2,237Phase2 2009-2012 115,000 115.0

Phase3 2013-2017 164,900 667,000 831,900

Total 373,600 667,000 1,040,600

Families benefitted from the coal to electricity/gas conversion

Ⅱ What We Have Done to Control Coal-burning Pollution

NOx

Main Emission

Sources

Beijing Standard National Standard

NOx limit value

（mg/m3）Implement Time

NOx limit value

（mg/m3）Implement Time

gas turbine 30 February.1.2012 50 July.1.2014

coal-fired power

plant boilers80 July.1.2015 100 July.1.2014

coal-fired boilers 150 July.1.2008

300/400（new/in use）200（special emission

limit）July.1.2014

gas-fired boilers80/30（phase I/phase II）

July.1.2015

200/400（new/in use）200（special emission

limit）July.1.2014

cement

industries

320（phase I）200（phase II）

January.1.2014

January.1.2016

320（special emission limit）

March.1.2014

Low sulfur coal and its products standard. Sulfur content of industrial and civil coal must be controlled below 0.4%, most

stringent in China

Although the NOx emission limit of gas turbine is 30mg/m3, the actual NOx emission concentration of

gas turbine in Beijing is around 15mg/m3.

（Ⅳ）Most Stringent Boiler Emission Limit In China

Ⅲ What We have Achieved

Energy mix has been optimized obviously

◆ In 2000, coal accounted for

more than a half in Beijing’s

total energy consumption.

But in 2017 it just acounted for

5.6%

Expansion of Beijing’s Coal Free Area

Ⅲ What We Have Achieved

Air quality keeps improving

SO2 annual concentration in Beijing and surrounding areas 2013 to 2017

2013 2014

2016 2017

2015

Next，Beijing will focus on coal-burning emission control

in moutain villages. Suitable

technology that is cost

effective needs to be

developed.