beijing normal university 141030

Jeffrey Robens, PhDSenior Research Consultant

Education Group Leader

Beijing Normal University30 October 2014

download: liwenbianji.cn/BNU_2014

Author Academy: Effectively Communicating your Research

Be an effective communicator

Your goal should not only to be published, but also to be widely read/cited

Good research design

Choose the best journal

Logically organize your ideas

Navigate through peer review

Section 1

Good experimental design


Customer ServiceAcademic PublishingResearch design What do journal editors want?

Increase impact

High quality research

Interesting to journal’s readership

Original and novel research Well-designed study

Logically organizedReal-world applications

Customer ServiceAcademic PublishingResearch design

Real-world relevance

Technical quality

Novelty

Examine risk factors in 1000 depressed students

What do journal editors want?

Customer ServiceAcademic PublishingResearch design

Real-world relevance

Technical quality

Novelty

What do journal editors want?

Compare risk factors between local and foreign depressed students

Customer ServiceAcademic PublishingResearch design Research that has impact

1. Read primary literature

2. Read reviews

3. Identify an important question

• Is the question focused?• Do you have the expertise/resources?• What is new?• How is it useful?

Customer ServiceAcademic PublishingResearch design Publication ethics

Conflicts of interest

Plagiarism

Author contribution

Data fabrication or falsification

Consequences of unethical behavior

• Unable to publish• Loss of employment

Journal selection

Section 2


Reading StrategiesJournal selection Evaluating significance

How new are your findings?Low or high impact journalNovelty

How broadly relevant are your findings?International/regional & general/specializedRelevance

What are the important real-world applications?Appeal

Reading StrategiesJournal selectionFactors to consider

when choosing a journal

Aims & scope Readership

Open access

Which factor is most important to you?

Impact factorIndexing

Reading StrategiesJournal selection

Insert your proposed abstract

Journal Selectorwww.liwenbianji.cn/journal_selector


Matching journals

Filter by:• Impact factor• Publishing frequency• Open access



Journal’s aims & scope, IFand publication frequency

Are they published recently? Have you cited some of them?

Similar published articles


springer.com/gp/authors-editors/journal-author

Manuscript structure

Section 3


Coverage and Staffing PlanManuscript

structureManuscript

structure Introduction

General introduction

Specific aimsAims

Current state of the field

Problem in the field


structureManuscript

structure

Identify an important problemState aims that directly address this problem

Writing the Introduction

Problem…little has been conducted to qualitatively assess whether self-efficacy and peer influence affect the likelihood of students engaging in academic dishonesty.

Nora & Zhang Asia Pacific Educ Rev. 2010; 11: 573–584.

AimsThe purpose of this study is threefold: first, to determine the effect of peer attitudes and behaviour on the likelihood of cheating; secondly, to establish the significance of self-efficacy in promoting academic integrity; lastly, to ascertain effective ways of deterring academic dishonesty.


structureManuscript

structure Methods

How it was done

Methodology/analysesMeasures and outcomes

Quantification methodsStatistical tests

Who/what was used

ParticipantsInstruments

Data collection

How it was analyzed

Study design

Consult a statistician


structureManuscript

structure Results

1. Initial observation2. Characterization3. Application

Logical presentation

Example:1. Observe a correlation between depression and

Internet use2. Characterize the severity of depression, time spent

online, websites visited3. Demonstrate decreased Internet use improves

severity of depression


structureManuscript

structure Results

1. Initial observation2. Characterization3. Application

Each subsection corresponds to

one figure

What you found, not what it means

Logical presentation

Subsections

Factual description


structureManuscript

structure Discussion

Summary of findings

Relevance of findings

Implications for the field

Similarities/differencesUnexpected resultsCounter-argumentsLimitations


structureManuscript

structure Discussion – the end

The Spanish version of AIDA showed good psychometric properties in Mexico and can be used to assess the construct “pathology-related identity integration vs. diffusion” with reliability, validity, and content equivalence in comparison with the original AIDA questionnaire. This finding supports the cross-cultural generalizability of the underlying concept and confirms the importance of culture-specific test adaption in addition to literal translation of the questionnaire. Nevertheless, some items should be improved. Therefore, the test version of “AIDA Spanish – Mexico” should be further adapted and should be tested in a more heterogeneous population.

Conclusion

Implications

Future directions

Why your work is important to your readers

Kassin et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2013; 7: 25.


structureManuscript

structure Linking your ideas

General background

Objectives

Methodology

Results and figures

Summary of findings

Implications for the field

Relevance of findings

Problems in the field

Logically link your ideas throughout your manuscript

Current state of the fieldIntroduction

Methods

Results

Discussion


structureManuscript

structure Linking your ideas

…no research has examined how interacting with Facebook influences subjective well-being over time.

We addressed this issue by…measuring in-vivo behavior and psychological experience over time.

These analyses indicated that Facebook use predicts declines in…subjective well-being…

Problem

Objectives

Conclusion

Discussion

Introduction

Kross et al. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e69841.


structureManuscript

structure Abstracts

First impression of your paper

Importance of your results

Validity of your conclusions

Relevance of your aims

Judge your writing style

Probably only part that will be read


structureManuscript

structureSections of an abstract

Aims

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Why the study was done

Your hypothesis

Analyses

Most important findings

Conclusion/implications

Concise summary of your research


structureManuscript

structureUnstructured abstract

Political thought and behavior play an important role in our lives, from ethnic tensions in Europe, to the war in Iraq and the Middle Eastern conflict, to parliamentary and presidential elections. However, little is known about how the individual's political attitudes and decisions are shaped by subtle national cues that are so prevalent in our environment. We report a series of experiments that show that subliminal exposure to one's national flag influences political attitudes, intentions, and decisions, both in laboratory settings and in “real-life” behavior. Furthermore, this manipulation consistently narrowed the gap between those who score high vs. low on a scale of identification with Israeli nationalism. The first two experiments examined participants' stance toward the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Jewish settlers in the West Bank. Experiment 3 examined voting intentions and actual voting in Israel's recently held general elections. The results portray a consistent picture: subtle reminders of one's nationality significantly influence political thought and overt political behavior.

Hassin et al. PNAS. 2007; 104: 19757‒19761.


structureManuscript

structureUnstructured abstract

ConclusionThe results portray a consistent picture: subtle reminders of one's nationality significantly influence political thought and overt political behavior.

Results

Furthermore, this manipulation consistently narrowed the gap between those who score high vs. low on a scale of identification with Israeli nationalism. The first two experiments examined participants' stance toward the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Jewish settlers in the West Bank. Experiment 3 examined voting intentions and actual voting in Israel's recently held general elections.

MethodsWe report a series of experiments that show that subliminal exposure to one's national flag influences political attitudes, intentions, and decisions, both in laboratory settings and in “real-life” behavior.

Background

Political thought and behavior play an important role in our lives, from ethnic tensions in Europe, to the war in Iraq and the Middle Eastern conflict, to parliamentary and presidential elections. However, little is known about how the individual's political attitudes and decisions are shaped by subtle national cues that are so prevalent in our environment.

Hassin et al. PNAS. 2007; 104: 19757‒19761.

Peer review

Section 4


Peer review What reviewers are looking for

The study

The manuscript

Relevant hypothesis Good study design Appropriate methodology Good data analyses Valid conclusions

Logical flow of information Manuscript structure and formatting Appropriate references High readability

Peer review Agreeing with reviewers

Agreement

RevisionsLocation

Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results.

Response: We agree with the reviewer’s assessment of the analysis. Our tailored function, in its current form, makes it difficult to tell that this measurement constitutes a significant improvement over previously reported values. We describe our new analysis using a Gaussian fitting function in our revised Results section (Page 6, Lines 12–18).

Peer review

Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results.

Response: Although a simple Gaussian fit would facilitate comparison with the results of other studies, our tailored function allows for the analysis of the data in terms of the Smith model [Smith et al., 1998]. We have now explained the use of this function and the Smith model in our revised Discussion section (Page 12, Lines 2–6).

Evidence

Revisions

Location

Disagreeing with reviewers

Peer review

Reviewer comment: Currently, the authors’ conclusion that this questionnaire is appropriate for cross-cultural analyses is not completely valid because their participants all resided in China. They should also show the questionnaire’s validity in participants living in other countries.

“Unfair” reviewer

comments

Reasons why reviewers might make these comments Current results are not appropriate for the scope or the

impact factor of the journal

Reviewer is being “unfair”

Peer review

What you should do

First, contact the journal editor if you feel reviewer is being unfair

Do the experiments, revise, and resubmit

Withdraw submission and resubmit current manuscript to a lower impact factor journal

“Unfair” comments

Be an effective communicator

Your goal should not only to be published, but also to be widely read/cited

Good research design

Choose the best journal

Logically organize your ideas

Navigate through peer review

谢谢！

Any questions?

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Jeffrey Robens: [email protected]

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beijing normal university 141030

Education

readcited good research

good experimental design

important question

important problemstate

good psychometricproperties

fieldaims specific aims

initial observation2

high impact journalnoveltyhow