being an entrepreneur - reasons for being self employed - required skills and personal...
TRANSCRIPT
BEING AN ENTREPRENEUR
- REASONS FOR BEING SELF EMPLOYED- REQUIRED SKILLS AND PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
Running a business
Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneur – a person who engages in business activities, especially those that involve risk, in order to make a profit.
Famous entrepreneurshttp://www.woopidoo.com/profession/entrepreneurs.htm
Choose one of the entrepreneurs who is of interest to you. Develop a short biography of the entrepreneur, focusing on his or her success in building and running a business.
REASONS FOR BEING SELF EMPLOYED
Independence
People have the chance to make more money
Personal satisfaction
Talents, skills, ideas and energies directed towards entrepreneur’s own goals
You can control decisions
Challenges of being self employed
Long hours
Hard work
Need to find employees
Have to deal with demands of customers, suppliers and financiers
Can be very stressful as may not be successful
Required skills and personal characteristics needed for success – the more characteristics the more likely to be successful
Adventurous
Determined
Energetic
Competitive
ConfidentAmbitious
Optimistic
Innovative
Resourceful
Syllabus - Planning for success
Selecting business opportunities Market research Location Demographics Competition Target markets
Selecting the appropriate structure Sole Trader Partnership Private Company Incorporated
Syllabus - Planning for success continued
Arranging finance
Establishing a new or purchasing an existing business Location Staffing New Established Franchising Equipping
Selecting business opportunities
When identifying opportunities for small businesses a number of factors need to be taken into consideration:
Market research - This involves talking with or surveying potential
customers and competitors as well as contacting trade and professional organisations for advice about the business and locations being considered.
- Obtaining data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics about the demographics of the people in the area.
Activity – Business opportunities
- Look up Roy Morgan Research www.roymorgan.com.au
OR
- ACNielson Australia http://www.nielsen.com/au/en.html
- Write a paragraph outlining the services provided by one of these organisations
Factors for selecting business opportunities continued
Location – factors to consider
- Where are potential customers?
- How far are they willing to travel?
- Does the business need to be in a retail area?
- Can the business have a base at the entrepreneur’s home?
- Is the business going to be an internet-based business?
- How much will the location cost?
Factors for selecting business opportunities continued
Demographics- Demography refers to details of the size of a particular
population and its characteristics.
- How many people will be able to access the business?
- How old are they?
- What gender or ethnic group are they?
- How much do they earn?
Factors for selecting business opportunities continued
Competition- What businesses will be competing against a new one?
- Are there more customers than the existing business can cater for?
- What will attract customers to a new business instead of an established business?
- Will the new product be cheaper?
- Will the product be of superior quality?
- How does the competing business market its product?
Factors for selecting business opportunities continued
- SWOT analysis – an assessment of a business’s: Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
ActivityComplete a SWOT analysis of your
market day business
Factors for selecting business opportunities continued
Target markets
- Definition – the group of customers to which an organisation intends to aim its marketing efforts.
- For example the product may be of particular interest to young people such as skateboard clothing.
Selecting the appropriate structure
Sole Trader Definition – a business with a single owner who is responsible for
every aspect of the operation of the business.
Examples – hairdressers, plumbers, dentists, video stores
- Control and manage business on their own
- Treat income as their own
- Income tax assessed on owner’s total income
- Owner personally liable for all debts incurred by the business
- Ability to borrow money limited by the owner’s ability to provide security for a loan
Selecting the appropriate structure - Sole Trader
Advantages Keep any profit Easy to establish Own boss Provides a sense of personal satisfaction Work the hours they want
Disadvantages Unlimited liability Limited access to finance to grow the business Pay income tax Difficult to take time off
Selecting the appropriate structure – Partnership
Partnership Definition – where two or more people share responsibility for the
operation of a business
Examples – Architects, accountants, lawyers, doctors
- A partner acting alone in the name of the business binds the other partners to his or her actions.
- A partner’s income from the partnership is added to his or her income from other sources
- All partners have unlimited liability for any debts incurred by the business.
- A partners’ personal assets can be sold to repay money owed by the company.
Selecting the appropriate structure – Partnership
Advantages Keep all the profit Share any losses More capital to establish the business Work shared between partners More people to make decisions Easier to borrow money
Disadvantages Partners have unlimited liability Partners share the profit Possibility of disagreements among partners If a partner leaves the business the partnership agreement must
be renegotiated
Activity
Form a partnership with two of your classmates
Decide on a name for the partnership and the type of business you plan to run.
Develop a partnership agreement that includes the name of your business and the roles and responsibilities of each partner.
Issues to consider – finance, administration, supply of inputs, promotion, production and the distribution of profits
Develop a partnership agreement for your market day business.
Selecting the appropriate structure – Companies
Companies
Definition – public company – a company listed on the stock exchange. Any member of the public can become a shareholder.
Definition – private company – a business that is not listed on the stock exchange and has 50 or fewer shareholders.
Selecting the appropriate structure – Companies
Characteristics
- Exists separate from its owners
- Earns all the profit and responsible for all the debts
- Individuals become owners or shareholders of the company by purchasing shares
- Profits the company makes are passed onto owners through a payment called a dividend
- If a shareholder no longer wants to be part of the company they sell all of their shares.
Selecting the appropriate structure – Company
Private Company Limited to 50 shareholders Board of directors elected to run the company Has Pty Ltd or Proprietary Limited at the end of the
company name Shares are not sold to the public
Public Company No limit to the number of people owning shares Listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and run by a
board of directors elected by shareholders Has LTD or Limited liability after its name
Selecting the appropriate structure – Company
Advantages More capital is available Borrowing money easier Liability of shareholders is limited A legal entity Specialised people employed to run different elements
Disadvantages Government regulations must be taken into account Limits placed on the board of directors Owners do not have control over decisions made Expensive to set up, maintain and organise Too large and inefficient
Companies - activity
Find a list of Australia’s top 50 companies in the sharemarket report from the ASX website or a major newspaper.
How many of these companies do you recognise?
Identify the goods and services provided by the companies you recognise.
List the companies and the goods and services they provide.
Incorporated association
Forming an incorporated association allows a small non-profit community based group an easier and inexpensive means of establishing a legal entity.
Sell goods and services but profits are returned to the association.
A legal entity that would suit a sporting or gardening club wanting to trade.
Activity
Look up the classified section of a major metropolitan newspaper. Select a ‘business for sale’ you would like to buy.
What interests you about this business?
What qualities or interests do you have that would enable you to run this business successfully?
Arranging finance
Starting a business can be costly.
A sole trader has the least costly set up and a company the most expensive.
Leasing equipment or buying through a hire purchase agreement can avoid upfront costs
Arranging finance can be continued
Finance can be obtained from:
Private sources – personal savings, a loan from family or friends.
A bank or finance company in the form of a loan, overdraft or mortgage.
The sales of shares to form a company.
Suppliers who are willing to be creditors, that is not be paid until the goods have been delivered.
Online banking for small businesses - activity
Many lenders allow businesses to apply for a loan online
Access one of the following sites and evaluate the range of finance available for the small business operator. Present your findings in a table.
St George www.stgeorge.com.au/smallbus/ Esanda www.esanda.com/business/finance/ National Australia Bank
www.national.com.au?Business_Solutions/
Loan application form activity
Download a loan application form from a bank or financial institution. In pairs complete the following tasks:
Select a type of business you might like to operate.
What type of information does the financial institution ask you to supply?
Complete the loan application form.
Establishing a business
Choices
Start business from scratch
Buy an existing business
Buy a franchise
Starting from scratch
Characteristics Create something unique and start to market Fill a gap in the market Market demands product or service
Advantages No inbuilt problems (a bad reputation) Freedom to set up business as choose No hidden costs (maintaining equipment)
Disadvantages Need to establish a good reputation High risk and uncertainity Raise funds to fit shop out and buy equipment
Buy an existing business
Characteristics The price usually includes goodwill Important to know why the business is for sale
Advantages Sales generate instant income Stock already acquired Seller may offer advice and training
Disadvantages It may be difficult to assess the value of goodwill Some employees resent change to the business operation Success of the business may have been due to the previous owner’s
personality and contacts
Buying a franchise
Characteristics A franchise is a business for which there is an
agreement for the use of a brand name and operating system in exchange for a fee.
Franchisors (the business firm that provides the goods, services and expertise for a franchise) have strict requirements to ensure their reputation is upheld by the franchisee (the owner of the franchise).
Examples – The Body Shop, Gloria Jean’s Coffees, Sumo Salad
Buying a franchise continued
Advantages Less start up capital needed Owners receive specialised training Advertising costs are shared Advice available from the franchisor Bulk buying can reduce costs Established goodwill and market recognition
Disadvantages Range of products sold determined by the franchisor Franchisee levied fees and charges to cover costs like
advertising Franchisee little say in how the business is promoted Products must be sourced from suppliers by the franchisor
Franchises - activity
Use free minder to develop a concept map of the names of franchises you are familiar with.
Categorise these according to business types like:
Clothing
Personal services
Business services
Franchises Activity
Use a major daily newspaper to locate advertisements for franchise-based businesses.
Categorise businesses by type
How are these businesses promoted to potential franchisees.
Considerations in establishing a business
New / Established/ Franchise
plus
Location
Staffing
Equipping
Location
Decisions need to be made about: Proximity to customers and suppliers Rent costs Size of property
Retail premises range from: very expensive for locations with a high number of
people passing by (like shopping malls) to relative cheap (far away from passing crowds)
Location - continued
Running a business from home Advisable to keep business in a separate part of the house Best if business involves consultancy on the clients
premises
Advantages Can be convenient in time and comfort
Disadvantages Domestic distractions Lower professional image A sense of isolation
Staffing
Before commencing operations staffing needs of the business must be assessed.
Steps involved in acquiring staff: Designing job descriptions including roles, desirable
characteristics, wages and conditions Recruitment Interviewing Hiring
Staffing continued
Wages, superannuation, taxes must be paid.
Staff entitlements like sick leave and holidays must be monitored.
Facilities like toilets and drinking water need to be provided.
Important to be aware of and complying with laws involved.
Equipment
A new business begins with an empty premises. It would only have Toilets A kitchen Light fittings
Much needs to be done including: Connecting utilities – electricity and telephone Painting Adding/changing light fittings Laying/changing floor coverings
Finally stationary and other equipment to produce or sell the product is required
Activity
Access the federal government’s Business Entry Point website www.business.gov.au
Complete the following: Outline the steps involved in starting up a business What assistance does the site provide for people
setting up a business?
Syllabus – Business operation
Meeting regulations Local State Federal
Selling products
Maintaining records Revenue statement Balance sheet Cash flow Taxation records
Syllabus – Business operation continued
Risk management Planning for the future
Aspects of key issues relating to running a business
Operating a business
Regulations
The operations of businesses are regulated by three levels of government.
Federal government
State government
Local government
Federal government
All businesses should have an Australian business number (ABN) or Australian company number (ACN)
ABN is available from the Australian Business Register (ABR) www.abr.gov.au
ACN is available from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)
These numbers identify the business/company for tax purposes and dealing with government agencies.
When doing business with other businesses the ABN/CAN needs to be on all invoices.
Federal government continued
Taxes administered by the federal government: Income tax Goods and services tax (GST) Fringe benefits tax Sales tax Customs and excise duty
Federal governments laws include: The Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) Anti-discrimination legislation Superannuation legislation Occupational health and safety (OHS) legislation
State government
Workcover
The regulatory authority in NSW to achieve safe workplaces by administering:
- The Workers Compensation Act 1987 (NSW) – compulsory for employers to take out insurance to cover employees for work related injuries.
- The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act – describes how businesses should generally keep a safe and healthy workplace.
Workcover - Activity
Access www.workcover.nsw.gov.au
Complete the following: Write a paragraph outlining the role of WorkCover
List WorkCover’s objectives
List the Acts of Parliament that are administered by WorkCover.
Access the frequently asked questions section of the website. Outline the OHS responsibilities of businesses. List the types of workplace hazards businesses need to focus on.
State government continued
ASIC
Sole Traders and Partnerships need to register their business names unless they are operating under their surnames.
Companies register a business name if the name it operates under is different from its company name.
Companies need to submit annual returns including financial statements.
ASIC - Activity
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission
Access the website www.asic.gov.au
Write a report outlining the role and history of ASIC
State government continued
NSW Fair Trading Legislation Aims to protect consumers from businesses behaving
unjustly. Laws govern warranties, misleading advertising, and
safety standards.
Licences Required by businesses like hair salons, real estate
agents, builders, solicitors Obtained from relevant licensing authority
NSW Office of Fair Trading - Activity
Access www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au
Outline the role of the Office of Fair Trading as it relates to consumers, business and trader services, associations and cooperatives.
Local government
Businesses need to comply with town planning laws: Fire regulations Regulations concerning building structures Parking Health
Local government inspectors visit business premises to ensure relevant laws and regulations are being complied with.
Local government continued
Zoning determines the use of property No permission for commercial activity in an area
zoned residential.
Issue licences Cafes need a licence:
- To have tables and chairs on a footpath- For billboards
Selling products
Marketing strategies are needed to sell goods and services produced.
Marketing objectives must be defined:- To sell more of the same product- To offer a new or improved product- To target a new range of customers
The four Ps of marketing:- Product - Price- Promotion- Place
Four P’s of Marketing
Product – What products to sell What products look like or consist of What packaging the product should be in What extras are included or offered with the product
Price – Minimum price to be equal to the cost of creating the product Needs to be competitive Higher quality products tend to be a higher price
Four P’s of Marketing continued
Promotion –
Advertising – consider where, when and to whom to advertise- Signs in a shop window- Television campaign- Newspaper and radio advertisements- Catalogues- Brochures- Billboards- Freebies like product samples
Public relations – involvement with charities and sponsoring local community groups
Attending trade shows
Promotion - Activity
Select a product popular with people of your age group:
How is the product promoted?
Consider:- Packaging- Imagery / personalities used in the advertising
campaigns- Type of advertising used
Four P’s of Marketing
Place – Starts at the business premises
Important considerations:- Parking- Visibility- Signage- Opening hours- Delivery options- Store layout- Lighting
Four P’s of Marketing - Activity
Select a product
Develop a marketing plan using the four Ps as a guide.
Product Price Promotion Place
Maintaining records
Revenue Statement (Profit and Loss Statement) Revenue – expenses = profit or loss Completed for a financial year for external reporting purposes
including the Australian Taxation Office Completed monthly to monitor how the business is
performing
Balance Sheet Lists all the assets (items owned), liabilities (items owed) and
capital (money or assets contributed by owners) of the business
Assets = liabilities + capital A financial snapshot of the business taken at any point in time
Maintaining records continued
Cash flow statement Shows the movement of cash into and out of the
business.
The business can see if there is enough cash to cover payments when they are due or whether more borrowing is required.
Shows cash coming in (receipts) and cash going out (payments). Total left is cash available at the end of the time period.
Taxes
Business activity statement to report GST
A revenue statement and balance sheet for income tax purposes
Wage records to deduct tax from employees’ pay
Fringe benefits tax
Customs duty (tax on goods bought from other countries)
Payroll tax
Land tax
Stamp duty
Council rates
Activity:
Develop a table to
define each of the taxes
listed.
Risk management – Planning for the future
Definition of risk management – the processes involved in identifying, controlling and minimising the impact of uncertain events.
Common events that cause disruption to businesses include: Fire Flood Technological failures
Risk Management
Insurance is the most common method businesses use to protect themselves.
Legislation requires: Workers compensation Insurance for employees Compulsory third party insurance for motor vehicles
Other recommendations: Building insurance Contents insurance Comprehensive insurance for motor vehicles Public liability insurance
Activity
Develop a table with
two columns to summarise the 7 types
of insurance important
for businesses to minimise
risks.
Looking to the future – Bankruptcy or Insolvency
Bankruptcy – Occurs when a business can no longer pay its creditors. It may be voluntary or be ordered by the court. Sometimes referred to as insolvency.
Occurs when the business can no longer pay its debts.
Once declared bankrupt by a court the business assets are sold.
Money received from asset sales allow payments to debtors.
Activity – Bankruptcy / insolvency
Develop a mind map summarising the strategies a small business could use to minimise the risks of insolvency and bankruptcy.
Looking to the future continued
Considerations to avoid bankruptcy: Maintain good records
Careful expansion to avoid over extending
Budget for replacement of ageing equipment
Budget for changing appearance of the business as fashion changes (Consider products and shop layout)
Have good stock management so stock is available to meet demand but not too much and unable to be sold
Key aspects of running a business
Customers are the number one concern
Keep a close eye on competitors
Ensure cash flows
Look after employees
Keep costs down and sales moving
Manage risks where possible
Entrepreneur needs to be organised, efficient and continually planning ahead.
Comply with legislation
Continually consider new ways to improve such as technology
Activity
Make a collage in word art to summarise key aspects
to consider when running a business.