being human (human computer interaction)
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
• The world we live in today has become saturated of computer technologies. Not only in their respective physical forms, but the computer has also started ruling our minds.
• The aim of this report is to reflect upon the changes afoot and outline a new paradigm for understanding our relationship with technology.
• At the end, I post a conclusion as to how the Human Computer Interaction will shape the world in the next 15 years or so.
What am I talking about?
We have features for every step of the way
Features of HCI
Present day analysis and expectation
Construction of ideal HCI
Introduction to Part-1GUIs to Gestures
Making fancy presentations on PowerPoint, creating excel sheets and use word to process documents is how we’ve been using graphic user interface since always.
The use of Gestures started with the degradation of mouse and keyword input usage. Touch-screen and voice gestures started replacing them.
Systems have started allowing people with severe physical disabilities to use their brain waves to interact with their environment. Real-time brainwave activity is beginning to be used to control digital movies, turn on music, and switch the lights on and off.
Gestures have hence started replacing our hardware input techniques from GUIs.
Display Units to Smart Fabrics
• Computers have not just influenced interactions with the screen but also with fabrics.
• The fixed video display units (VDUs) of the 1980s are being superseded by a whole host of flexible display technologies and ‘smart’ fabrics.
• The rise of OLED’s(organic light emitting diodes) and Plastic Electronics have made displays go cheaper, high in resolution and less power consuming.
• The screen could be folded, stretched or if required miniaturized.
Handsets to Mobiles
• The telephone industry has transformed itself from brick to iPhone. This has brought the most interactive and advanced technology in our palms.
• We now use mobile devices to interact with objects in the real world, acting more as if they are extensions of our own hands, by pointing and gesturing with them.
While travelling travelling, we can gesture with our mobile device at a historic building and be offered up an audio or visual history of its architecture. Taking a picture of a product in the supermarket can send us back information about where the product came from, its associated air miles, and ecological credentials.
Human Values in the face of Change
• The first has to do with how the proliferation and embedding of technology has reshaped the way digital devices are presented to us, the interface.
• Second, changes in how we live with and use technology have resulted in us becoming ever more dependent upon computing.
• Third, the increasing importance of communication technologies in our private and public lives has tied us together in new ways.
• Fourth, our desire to be in touch is equalled by our desire to capture more information about our lives and our doings.
• Finally, the proliferation and appropriation of new kinds of digital tools by people from all walks of life signals the growth of creative engagement through technology.
Human characteristics
• To understand the human as an information-processing system, how humans communicate, and people’s physical and psychological requirements
• Human information processing– characteristics of the human as a processor of information
• memory, perception, motor skills, attention, problem-solving, learning and skill acquisition, motivation, conceptual models, diversity...
• Language, communication and interaction– aspects of language
• syntax, semantics, pragmatics; conversational interaction, specialized languages
• Ergonomics– anthropometric and physiological characteristics of people and their
relationship to workspace and the environment• arrangement of displays and controls; cognitive and sensory limits; effects of
display technology; fatigue and health; furniture and lighting; design for stressful and hazardous environments; design for the disabled...
What HCI includes?
• The Interdisciplinary Design Science of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) combines knowledge and methods associated with professionals including: – Psychologists (incl. Experimental, Educational,
and Industrial Psychologists)– Computer Scientists– Instructional and Graphic Designers – Technical Writers – Human Factors and Ergonomics Experts– Anthropologists and Sociologists
User Interfaces – 4 Types
• 1. Command Line Interface (CLI)– A CLI displays a prompt, the user types a command on the keyboard and
executes the command. The computer executes the command, providing textual output.
• 2. Menu Driven Interface– The user has a list of items to choose from, and can make selections by
highlighting one.
User Interfaces – 4 Types
• 3. Graphical User Interface (GUI)– Uses windows, icons, menus and pointers (WIMP) which can be manipulated
by a mouse (and often to an extent by a keyboard as well).
• 4. Natural Language Interface– Can range from simple command systems to voice activated text processing.
Commands are spoken in “normal” language.
End of Interface Stability
• Our desire for vitality and independence as we grow older might motivate us to place medical devices close to or even within our bodies.
• The new relationships between digital devices and the world will bring to the fore a host of human values that hitherto have not been considered in relation to technology – many of which are manifest in the nature of the world we inhabit.
• The emergence of increasingly complex computational ecosystems will also have significant impact on our views of society and technology.
Extending the research and Design Cycle
• Stage 1: UnderstandThe initial – and new – stage we suggest is to focus on human values and to pinpoint those that we wish to design for and to research. • Stage 2: StudyThis stage of research consists of developing a deeper understanding of what factors are at play in how the values of interest are manifest in the everyday world. • Stage 3: DesignThe third stage is primarily a design or creative phase and involves reflecting on what the design goals should be. • Stage 4: BuildThis phase can involve anything from low-tech methods such as paper prototypes and sketches, to more hi-tech and robust systems ready for long-term field testing.
Good Interface Design 1
SAFELY
EFFECTIVELY
EFFICIENTLY
ENJOYABLY
Tasks can be completed without risk – e.g.
flying an aeroplane.
Being able to do the right task and do it well –
e.g. videoing a TV programme
To carry out tasks quickly and correctly – e.g.
at a cashpoint
Users should be able to enjoy what they are
doing, not be frustrated by the interface – e.g.
educational programs
Users should be able to use an interface:
Good Interface Design 2
WHO
WHAT
ENVIRONMENT
FEASIBILITY
Who is going to use the system, what are their
ages, etc.?
What tasks are they likely to want to perform?
Repetitive, complex, simple, etc.
Where is the computer to be used? In a
hazardous or noisy environment?
What is technologically available? Designers
should not add elements to the interface that
cannot actually be used out easily.
There are four considerations for an interface designer:
Recommendations for the Future
• Recommendation 1: Revisit Research and Design methods in HCIExplore new ways of understanding users. Reconsider how to evaluate digital technologies. There is a need to be sensitive to a shift away from the world of work, with its emphasis on productivity and efficiency, towards considerations of leisure and entertainment pursuits as well as towards aesthetic and cultural systems of value.• Recommendation 2: Be explicit about the remit of HCI• Recommendation 3: Develop disciplinary techniques that allow HCI
to collaborate with other research communities.• Recommendation 4: Teach HCI to the young • Recommendation 5: More advanced training for future HCI
researchers• Recommendation 6: Engage with government, policy and society• Recommendation 7: Offer an inclusive future
Goals for HCI Profession
1. Science vs. Intuition in interface DesignThe biggest challenge stays to connect our exact thoughts with the needed output in the computer.
2. Influencing academic and industrial researchers.3. Providing tools, techniques, and knowledge for the
commercial designer.Rapid prototyping is easy when using contemporary tools.To refine the systems, use feedback from individual or groups of user.
4. Raising the computer consciousness of the general public
• Comparing a Computer as being Color Blind to all our gestures and interactions.
• Although it will succeed in transforming most of the gestures to fruitful output, there will always be something that would lack.
• As a result, Human Computer Interaction can never give a 100% output, but we can always work for reducing the difference to the minimal levels.
Picture Perfect