belief systems
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Belief Systems. Religions and Philosophies. Monotheism The belief in one God Ex. Judaism, Christianity, Islam. Polytheism The belief in many gods Ex. Ancient Egypt, Hinduism. Religions. Judaism. The Hebrews founded Judaism , the oldest known monotheistic religion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Belief SystemsBelief Systems
Religions and PhilosophiesReligions and Philosophies
Monotheism• The belief in one God
• Ex. Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Polytheism• The belief in many
gods
• Ex. Ancient Egypt, Hinduism
ReligionsReligions
•The Hebrews founded Judaism , the oldest known monotheistic religion
•Sacred text: Torah (Christian Old Testament)
•Basic teachings: Ten Commandments- the Hebrew code of laws
Holy City: Jerusalem
• Founder: Jesus of Nazareth
• Holy City: Jerusalem• Sacred text: Christian
Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
• Monotheistic• Practices: Seven
sacraments
• Christian Churches divide numerous times
• Major churches: Roman Catholic (headed by Pope), Eastern Orthodox, Protestant Faiths (Lutheran, Calvinist, Church of England)
•Founder: Prophet Muhammad (6th Century AD)
•Sacred text: Qur’an (Koran)
•Monotheistic: One God (Allah- means God in Arabic)
•Basic teachings: 5 pillars
• Divisions: Sunni and Shiah
Holy Cities: Mecca (Makkah), Medina, Jerusalem
POLYTHEISTIC
No Single Founder
Holy books: Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Mahabarata
Reincarnation- rebirth of one’s soul
Beliefs: Karma- all the good and bad deeds done in one’s lifeDharma- duties one must fulfill in lifeMoksha- union with Brahman at the end of life cycle
Caste system- rigid social class system based on birth
Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) 500’s BC
No Single God- believe in universal spirit
Basic teachings:
Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
Beliefs: Karma
Reincarnation
Ahimsa- nonviolence to all living things
Nirvana- release from the cycle of rebirth
Founder-There is no one person Geographic Origin- Africa
Significant Writings- Animism has an oral tradition of story-telling, rather than a developed writing system.
Places of Worship-Animist rituals tend to take place outdoors in nature.
Teachings and Beliefs- Animists practice nature worship. They believe that everything in the universe has a spirit.
Founder: Confucius 500’s BC
Text: The Analects
Beliefs: Filial Piety- respect for parents and elders
5 relationships: guide conduct in all interactions in family and society
Founder: Laozi 500’s BC
Text: Dao De Jing
Beliefs: harmony with nature
Yin and Yang: must balance 2 opposing forces in nature
The Dao: the force that guides all things