beliefs and barriers: impacts of mental health stigma … · the facts • in the us population, 1...
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BELIEFSANDBARRIERS:IMPACTSOFMENTALHEALTHSTIGMAON
MINORITYSTUDENTSBY:JASMINEJONES
TRITONHEALTHPEEREDUCATOR
UNIVERSITYOFMISSOURI-ST.LOUIS
SETTINGTHETONE
Thisisasafe,openspacefordiscussionandinteraction
Questionsarewelcome!
THEFACTS
• IntheUSPopulation,1in4individualshasamentalhealthdisorder
• Oncollegecampuses,1in2studentshasamentalhealthdisorder
• Whilebothminorityandmajoritystudentshavetofacementalhealthstigma,minoritystudentsarea) Lesslikelytohavereceivedorseekmentalhealthtreatment
b) Morelikelytoholdstigmatizedbeliefsrelatedtomentalhealthc) Lesslikelytofollowcounselingrecommendationswhen
treatmentisutilized
d) Oftendemonstrategreatersymptomseverityasitrelatestoanxietyanddepressivesymptoms
ISEVERYONECOMFORTABLE?
MINDOVERMATTERQUIZ
• Whentakingthisquiz…• Behonestandthoughtful• Therearenowronganswers
WHATDOESITMEANTOBEAMINORITY? WHATARESOMETYPESOFMINORITYGROUPS?
? ? ?
? ?
WHATDOESITMEANTOBEAMINORITY? WHATARESOMETYPESOFMINORITYGROUPS?
Racial/Ethnic SexualOrientation
SexandGenderIdentity
Religion Disability
WHATARESOMESTRESSORS STUDENTS
EXPERIENCE?
? ?
?
?
??
WHATARESOMESTRESSORSSTUDENTS
EXPERIENCE?Academics
SocialStressors
Financials SupportandFamily
ManagingIndependence
Illness/Injury
MENTALHEALTHSERVICESSEEKINGBARRIERSOFCOLLEGESTUDENTS
“Iamnotsurewheretogettreatment”
“Idonothaveenoughtimetoseektreatment”“OtherpeopleinmylifewilllookdownonmeorthinkIamweakforseekinghelp”
“Icansolvetheissuewithouttreatment”
“Iamexperiencinganormallevelofstress,Idonotneedtreatment”“IdonotthinkIcanaffordmentalhealthtreatment”
WHATARESOMESTRESSORSMINORITYSTUDENTS
EXPERIENCE?
Academics
SocialStressors
Financials SupportandFamily
ManagingIndependence
Illness/Injury
?
MENTALHEALTHSEEKINGBARRIERSOFMINORITYSTUDENTS
Remember…
a) Lesslikelytohavereceivedorseekmentalhealthtreatment
b) Morelikelytoholdstigmatizedbeliefsrelatedtomentalhealth
c) Lesslikelytofollowcounselingrecommendationswhentreatmentisutilizedd) Oftendemonstrategreatersymptomseverityasitrelatestoanxietyand
depressivesymptoms
Inaddition…
a) Sexualminoritystudentsaremorelikelytoseeknonclinicalsourcesb) Racialminoritystudentsweremorelikelytoreportlackoftime
WHATISTHEDIFFERENCE?
MinorityStressModel Heterosexism
Ableism CulturalPerspective
INTERSCTONALITY
INTERSECTIONALITY
“Thecomplex,cumulativewayinwhichtheeffectsofmultipleformsofdiscrimination(suchasracism,sexism,andclassism)combine,overlap,orintersectespeciallyintheexperiencesofmarginalizedindividualsorgroups”AdiaHarveyWingfield
MENTALHEALTHPUBLICVERSUSPERSONALSTIGMA
PublicStigma
Personal/Self
Stigma
Internalizedattitudesorbeliefsrelatedtomentalhealththatimpacthowwevieworclassifyourselves
Attitudesandbeliefsofthegeneralpublicorsocietytowardthosewithmentalhealthdisorders
MINDOVERMATTERQUIZRESULTS!
PERSPECTIVE• Whataresomeunderlyingthemesbetweenthebarrierspreviouslyidentified?
• Personalstigma
• Obligationsvspriorities
• Perceivedpublicstigmaandthatoflovedones
• Accesstoresourcesandawareness
• Wheredoesstigmacomefrom?
• Media
• Attitudesofthosearoundus
• Personalexperiences
• Lackofknowledgeaboutmentalhealth
• Others?
ISEVERYONECOMFORTABLE?
WHATCANWEDOABOUTIT?
CULTURALINTERVENTIONS
• Whomakesupyourstudentpopulation?
• Arediversegroups….• Well-represented
• Present
• Included
• Diversitydoesnotequalinclusion• Whatdoesinclusionlooklike?
• Colorblindnessdoesnotwork
• Thepowerofcollaboratingwithothergroupsoncampus
• Relatabilityandpersonability• Thepowerofinvitation
SPECIFICALLYADDRESSINGMENTALHEALTHSTIGMA
• Universallanguagetoreduce“usvsthem”thinking• Makingrelationship-basedandsexeducationprogramsinclusiveofvarioussexualorientationsandgenderidentities
• Providingaccurateinformationaboutthelowlevelsofpublicstigmaoncollegecampuses
• Representationandinclusionofminoritiesthroughoutcampaigns• Havingmentalhealthcampaignsthatgetthefactsoutmakeadifference• Online/at-homeskillsbasedinterventionsandprograms
KNOWLEDGEBASEDINTERVENTIONS
CommonStigmatizedBeliefs
• Peoplewithmentaldisordersdonotgetbetter(itisalifesentence)
• Allmentaldisordersaresevereandincapacitating
• Itcannothappentome
• Peoplearebornwithmentalhealthdisorders
• Peoplewithmentaldisordersarefragileorincapableorbroken
SpecificInterventions• Understandingtheknowledgethatstandsallowsustoaddressthegaps
• Knowledgebasedinterventionsfocusonspreadingknowledgeaboutthesecommonbeliefs
• Hostingprogramsandmediacampaignsoncommonmyths
• Connectionsarekey-itisessentialthatyouhavediverseconnectionstoreachadiverseaudience
References (APA)
• Adams, D. R., Meyers, S. A., & Beidas, R. S. (2016). The relationship between financial strain, perceived stress, psychological symptoms, and academic and social integration in undergraduate students. Journal of American College Health, 64(5), 362–370. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.umsl.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eoah&AN=39175940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
• Cheng, H.-L., Kwan, K.-L. K., & Sevig, T. (2013). Racial and ethnic minority college students’ stigma associated with seeking psychological help: Examining psychocultural correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031169
• Cheref, S., Lane, R., Polanco-Roman, L., Gadol, E., & Miranda, R. (2015). Suicidal ideation among racial/ethnic minorities: Moderating effects of rumination and depressive symptoms. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037139
• Cokley, K., Smith, L., Bernard, D., Hurst, A., Jackson, S., Stone, S., … Roberts, D. (2017). Impostor Feelings as a Moderator and Mediator of the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Mental Health Among Racial/Ethnic Minority College Students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000198
• DeFreitas, S. C., Crone, T., DeLeon, M., & Ajayi, A. (2018). Perceived and Personal Mental Health Stigma in Latino and African American College Students. Frontiers in public health, 6, 49. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00049
• Dunbar, M. S., Sontag-Padilla, L., Ramchand, R., Seelam, R., & Stein, B. D. (2017). Mental Health Service Utilization Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning or Queer College Students. The Journal Of Adolescent Health: Official Publication Of The Society For Adolescent Medicine, 61(3), 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.008
• Hope, E. C., Velez, G., Offidani-Bertrand, C., Keels, M., & Durkee, M. I. (2018). Political activism and mental health among Black and Latinx college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000144
• Miranda, R., Soffer, A., Polanco-Roman, L., Wheeler, A., & Moore, A. (2015). Mental Health Treatment Barriers Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Versus White Young Adults 6 Months After Intake at a College Counseling Center. Journal of American College Health, 63(5), 291–298. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.umsl.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eoah&AN=36168898&site=ehost-live&scope=site
• Woodford, M. R., Kulick, A., & Atteberry, B. (2015). Protective factors, campus climate, and health outcomes among sexual minority college students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 8(2), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038552
• Woodford, M. R., Kulick, A., Garvey, J. C., Sinco, B. R., & Hong, J. S. (2018). LGBTQ policies and resources on campus and the experiences and psychological well-being of sexual minority college students: Advancing research on structural inclusion. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(4), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000289
• Zvolensky, M. J., Jardin, C., Garey, L., Robles, Z., & Sharp, C. (2016). Acculturative stress and experiential avoidance: relations to depression, suicide, and anxiety symptoms among minority college students. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 45(6), 501–517. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.umsl.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eoah&AN=39789197&site=ehost-live&scope=site