BELL RINGER1) Why did the League of Nations 1) Why did the League of Nations fail?fail?2) What were the causes of the 2) What were the causes of the depression?depression?3) Who was FDR?3) Who was FDR?

Ch. 17 Section 2“The Rise of Dictatorial

Regimes”

The Rise of Dictators

The Rise More Totalitarian States: Gov’t that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, & cultural lives of citizens. Single ruler & Single party.

Totalitarian Regimes in Europe

Benito Mussolini

Fascism in ItalyBenito Mussolini – founder of the first Fascist movement. (1920s)Fascism- strong central Gov't led by a dictator.

Mussolini’s Blackshirts

Rise of Fascism Mussolini formed the Blackshirts. Attacked Socialist offices & any opposition. Mussolini bided for power and was granted prime minister in 1922.

Mussolini takeoverBy the end of 1922, Mussolini and his fascist party took Italy from it’s Socialist leaders.

The Soviet Union

Soviets Lenin during the Civil War used a policy of war communism- seized food & factories for army. 1920-1922 – famine1921- Industrial collapse.

First Soviet Government

Lenin’s Policy New Economic Policy (NEP) 1921Produce sold openlyAllowed privately own business. Heavy Industries, banks, & mines Gov’t controlled. Brought Russia out of economic disaster.

The Rise of Stalin

Stalin con. * Lenin died in 1924*

Politburo (policy-making body) was divided. Who rules next?

Stalin vs. Trotsky

StalinOne group supported Leon Trotsky (commissar of war)- wanted to spread communism and launch industrialization. Other group supported Joseph Stalin ( party general secretary)- continue Lenin’s NEP and appointed his followers by 1929. Trotsky kicked out of party by 1927.

Stalin’s Policy

Five-Year Plan1928 Stalin ended the NEP and introduced his policy. Goal: Move from an agricultural to an industrial country. Steel production increased.Russian people were hit hardCollectivization- no private farms- Gov’t owned, peasants worked on the farms.

Authoritarian States in the West

Gov’t used police power to preserve the existing society. Eastern Europe- New countries turn to Authoritarian rule. (Except – Czechoslovakia)

Spain

Authoritarian SpainDemocratic until 1939.Francisco Franco (General) revolted.Hitler & Mussolini gave support. Franco becomes the Dictator.

Review 1) Who was Mussolini?2) Who was Stalin?3) Who was Franco?