bell ringer
DESCRIPTION
Bell Ringer. Explain the circulatory system of Mollusks. Annelida. Annelida. Segmented worms ~15,000 species Including earthworms, freshwater worms, leeches 2/3 of the phylum are marine worms Clam worms, plumed worms, parchment worms, scaleworms, lugworms, etc True coelomates. Annelida. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bell Ringer
Explain the circulatory system of Mollusks
Annelida
Annelida
Segmented worms ~15,000 species
Including earthworms, freshwater worms, leeches 2/3 of the phylum are marine worms
Clam worms, plumed worms, parchment worms, scaleworms, lugworms, etc
True coelomates
Annelida
Highly developed group Nervous system is more centralized Circulatory system more complex
Sometimes called “bristle worms” Setae – tiny chitinous bristles
help anchor segments during locomotion Aid aquatic forms in swimming Stiff setae prevent worm from being pulled or washed out
of its home
Ecological Relationship/Economic Importance
Distributed worldwide Sea, fresh water, terrestrial soil
Many are predatorsIndirect economic
importance Prey to other organisms Fish bait Earthworms increase drainage
& aeration of soils Help mix the soil & distribute
organic matter Medical uses for leeches
Body Plan
Two-part head Prostomium Peristomium
Series of SegmentsPygidium
Posterior portion – bearing the anus
Prostomium
Body Plan
Coelom serves as a hydrostatic skeleton
Except in leechesAnnelid body has a thin nonchitinous cuticle
surrounding the epidermis epidermis surrounds circular muscles circular muscles surround longitudinal muscles longitudinal muscles surround the coelom
digestive system runs the length of body, perforating each septum longitudinal dorsal and ventral blood vessels and ventral
nerve cord follow the same path
Annelida
Three Classes Polychaeta
Poly=many; chaite=long hair/bristles Oligochaeta (earthworms)
Oligos=few; chait-long hair/bristles Hirudinea (leeches)
Class PolychaetaLargest class
more than 10,000 speciesMostly marineMost between 5 to 10 cm
some less than 1 mm, others greater than 3 mLive under rocks, in coral crevices, in abandon
shells, burrow into sand or mud, or build their own tubes on submerged objects
Class Polychaeta
Differ from other annelids Have a well-differentiated head with specialized sense
organs and paddle-like parapodia on most segmentsPossess many setaeDo not have permanent sex organs, possess
no ducts for their sex cells, and usually have separate sexes Gonads appear as temporary swellings in the
peritoneum & shed their gametes into the coelomSome free-living, active burrowers; some
sedentary living in tubes or burrows
Class Oligochaeta
Over 3,000 species in a variety of habitats Most terrestrial or freshwater forms, some parasitic ,
few marine or brackish waterSetae
Long or short Straight or curved Blunt or needlelike Arranged singly or in bundles
Aquatic forms have longer setae than earthworms
Earthworms
“night crawlers”Burrow in moist, rich soil
Emerge at night to feed on surface vegetation & to breed
Rainy weather – stay near the surface Dry weather may burrow several feet underground
Tropical earthworms 150-250+ segments Grow 3-4 meters in length
Earthworms
Double transport system Coelomic fluid & circulatory system
Food, waste, respiratory gases are carried by both Closed circulatory system
Peristaltic movement contraction of circular muscles lengthen body contraction of longitudinal muscles shorten body http://www.ncsu.edu/scivis/lessons/earthworm/Worm7.
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Digestive System consists of the pharynx, the
esophagus, the crop, the intestine and the gizzard. Food is swallowed by the pharynx passes through the esophagus moves into the crop where it is stored eventually moves into the gizzard
gizzard uses stones that the earthworm eats to grind the food completely
moves into the intestines releasing fluids to aid in the digestion
Earthworms
Circulatory System closed circulatory system circulates blood exclusively through vessels
three main vessels: aortic arches, dorsal blood vessels, and ventral blood vessels. aortic arches function like a human heart. dorsal blood vessels carry blood to the front of the
earthworm’s body. ventral blood vessels carry blood to the back of the
earthworm’s body.
Earthworms
Respiratory System do not have lungs
breathe through their skin by diffusion For diffusion to occur, skin must be kept moist Body fluid and mucous is released to keep its skin
moist. Earthworms therefore, need to be in damp or moist soil.
They have tissue located at the head that is sensitive to light.• tissues enable an earthworm to detect light and not surface
during the daytime where they could be affected by the sun.
Earthworms
Reproduction Earthworms are
hermaphrodites contain both male and
female sex organs Although earthworms
are hermaphrodites, most need a mate to reproduce
Clitellum Secretes mucus to hold
worms together Cocoon
Class Hirudinea
Leeches Over 500 species; predominantly freshwater habitats 2-6 cm in length
Some reach 20 cm Usually flattened dorsoventrally
Class Hirudinea
Form & Function Fixed number of segments
usually 35 Typically have both anterior &
posterior sucker No parapodia, no setae Many live as carnivores,
temporary parasites, permanent parasites
Muscular, protrusible proboscis Tubeluar extension of the oral
region Three jaws armed with teeth
Class Hirudinea
Hermaphroditic but cross-fertilizeClitellum only evident during breeding
season
Medicinal Leeches
used as tools in tissue grafts and reattachment surgery
they secrete anticoagulants to prevent blood clots and relieve pressure due to pooling blood
leech saliva has other therapeutic properties saliva helps reestablish blood flow to reattached body parts
by means of a vasodilator, provides a numbing anesthetic, and lessens the risk of infection due to an antibiotic.
Treating Diabetes
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28332-discover-magazine-leech-therapy-video.htm
"I was in Austria doing a cleanse and part of the treatment was leech therapy. These aren't just swamp leeches though - we are talking about highly trained medical leeches."These are not some low-level scavengers - we're talking high-level blood suckers."