Bell Ringer – February 22 & 23

• What were the causes of WWI? • What was the spark that began the War? • Name the alliance before WWI and during

WWI for each of the following countries:– Russia – Italy– Germany– Ottoman Empire

1914 Map1. Russia (A) [Tsar Nicholas II]

2. Ottoman Empire (C) [Enver Pasha]

3. Austria-Hungary (C) [Franz Joseph]

4. Germany (C) [Wilhelm II]

5. France (A) [Poincare]

6. Great Britain (A) [George V]

7. Serbia

8. Sarajevo, Bosnia (Franz Ferdinand was assassinated)

9. Western Front--trench lines

A = Allies C = Central Powers

Complete the Loser of the Day Puzzle!

WWI Warfare

Today’s Objectives• Explain the Schlieffen Plan and its significance.• Describe the type of warfare during WWI and how

it created a stalemate.• Describe Trench Warfare and make a judgment

about the glorification of war.• Identify weapons used in WWI.• Locate the Eastern and Western Fronts.• Define propaganda, identify its uses, and analyze

examples.

Global War - 1914• It was observed that the average

Englishman positively wanted war.• A French writer said, “this is fine

and just and great.”France began mobilizing against Germany on August 1,1914. Three days later, Germany declared war on France. Here, Parisians cheer French lancers off to fight the Germans.

Schlieffen Plan(schlee-fuhn)

• Germany’s War Plan from 1905

• Called for…– Swift knock out of

France– Followed by a

defensive action against Russia

• Based on the threat of a Britain-France Alliance

German Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in Belgium

Nations Take Sides

Central PowersGermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire BulgariaBulgaria

Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy United StatesUnited States

MobilizationMobilization

“It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to go.

It's a long way to TipperaryTo the sweetest girl I know!

Goodbye Piccadilly,Farewell Leicester Square!

It's a long long way to Tipperary,But my heart's right there.”

First World War.com - Vintage Audio - It's a Long Way to Tipperary

Home by Christmas!

No major war in 50 years!

Nationalism!

Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters

A Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian Recruit

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

New Weapons Used in the New Weapons Used in the WarWar

Machine Gun• British machine

guns fired 8 rounds per second, at a distance of 2,900 yards

ArtilleryArtillery

Bullets (shells) had great power and carried much further.

Weapons of the Industrial Weapons of the Industrial AgeAge

• 75 different types of poison-gas bombs used

• Flame throwers

• Tanks

• Airplanes

• Submarines

Casualties of Modern Casualties of Modern WeaponryWeaponry

• Tactics of sending masses of men toward enemy didn’t work against modern weapons.

• Britain suffered 57,470 casualties on the first day of the Battle of the Somme

• Total deaths in World War I - 10 million+.

•Form of warfare that consisted of trenches, or dugouts, where troops were sheltered from enemy fire.

• Troops occupied fighting lines called “front lines”.

•The land between the two fighting lines was called “No Man’s Land”.

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

WARFARE: THEN AND NOWTHEN

Before WWI, fighting was centered on attacking fortifications (forts) or in an open field.

NOW

• Military revolution (machine gun, tanks, and hand grenades)• Network of trenches = slow wearing down of enemy• STALEMATE OF CONFLICT

Cross Section of a Front Line TrenchCross Section of a Front Line Trench

Fear and Anticipation

First Bombard the Other Side

Surviving a Gas Attack

Daily Life

Morale

Trench Foot

War of AttritionWar of Attrition• Attrition means "the act of weakening or

exhausting by constant harassment, abuse, or attack."

• A war of attrition is where both sides suffer steady, but heavy casualties, not making terrific gains in territory, but simply trying to get the enemy to surrender before their own armies are decimated by these steady losses.

Western FrontWestern Front

• Western Front: the deadlocked area in Northern France

• Germany’s Schlieffen Plan worked until the Battle of Marne when the Germans were stopped from marching into Paris.

• Germans began to dig trenches.• Britain and France also decided to dig

trenches.

Eastern FrontEastern Front

• Eastern Front: Line of fighting on the Eastern side of Europe between Russia and Germany

• Fighting began there when Russia invaded East Prussia.

• There was a pattern of attack and counter-attack.

• Russia withdrew from the war in 1917.

World War I PropagandaWorld War I Propaganda

What is propaganda?

A type of biased communication

designed to influence people’s thoughts and

actions.

What did propaganda What did propaganda represent?represent?

Governments created thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures to promote the war.

They represented …

Recruitment

Rationing

Raising Money for the War Effort

Patriotism

http://docsouth.unc.edu/wwi/41898/50.html

Aid

United States Food Administration

Dulce et Decorum est

by Wilfred Owen 1918

Things to Do

Complete Your Notes:1. World War I Weapons Matching

2. Trench Warfare Reading

3. Reflection Questions

Journal Entry #2

Write a journal entry based on the experiences in the trenches of the western front. Take the viewpoint of either a Central Power OR Allied soldier.

– What is your life like? – How do you keep going? – How do you feel physically and mentally?