Bell Ringer:

What factors will we have to consider before starting to plant outside in the spring?

Volunteers to make a poster for the room….

GERMINATION

- Direct Seeding & Indirect Seeding Textbook pages:96-101

Essential Questions: What factors determine the success of

plants grown from the direct seeding method?

What factors should be considered to successfully grow seeds indoors from seedling to mature plants?

Quick Review:

What are the essential conditions that must be met for germination to occur?

What are the three main parts of a seed?

Additional Germination Processes Some seeds require additional mechanisms before they can

begin germination and ultimately be transplanted.

Stratification - a required period of cold temperature Scarification - methods to break down the protective seed

coat

Stratification Especially important for

plants that produce their fruit in the fall (like apples and pears).

If these plants germinated immediately, they would die from the cold winter temperatures.

Instead, these plants produce seeds that remain dormant until spring.

Additional Germination Processes

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Scarification The seed coat must be broken down before germination can

begin. Actions by Nature:

Microbial Activity (bacteria, fungi, etc.) Freezing and Thawing Animal Digestion (stomach acids) Being stepped on or chewed

Additional Germination Processes

Actions by Humans: Sandpaper and File Acid Pressure and Force (for example, a hammer)

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And now onto our essential questions…

Planting Seeds Outdoors

Direct Seeding - method to plant flowers, vegetables, and grass seeds directly into the soil and their permanent location outdoors.

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Planting Seed Outdoors Major factors that will determine the success of

the plants grown from the direct seeding method:

•Site Selection•Seedbed Preparation•Planting Date•Planting Depth & Spacing•Moisture

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See the list on page 97 of your textbook for additional details…

Planting Seeds for Transplanting

Indirect Seeding - planting seeds indoors until they grow into seedlings then transplanting them into larger containers or their permanent location outdoors.

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Planting Seeds for Transplanting

What do you predict will be the primary factors that affect germination and growth of plants indoors? MOISTURE

TEMPERATURE

OXYGEN

LIGHT

Planting Seeds for Transplanting Seed quality includes both viability & vigor

Viability - the ability of seeds to germinate under optimum conditions

Vigor - the ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions and still produce healthy seedlings

* Quality seeds should have high viability of over a 75% germination rate. *

Exit Slip Questions:

1. Name two factors that help the success of the direct seeding method.

2. Why is scarification an important part of the germination process for some types of seeds?