Bell Work

• What is the difference between a chemical and a physical property?

• Name 3 examples of each.

Physical Science – Lecture 54

States of Matter

Mass

• The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.

Volume

• The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by that object.

Matter

• Matter is everything around you. • Matter is anything made of atoms and

molecules. • Matter is anything that has a mass.• Matter is anything that takes up space.

Phases/States of Matter

• Solids• Liquids• Gases• Plasma

How do you Tell Them Apart?

• Differences in the physical state of molecules and atoms.

Matter’s Existence

• Matter can exist in three main phases/states on Earth.

• What are they?

Solids

• A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

Solids

• Solids are not easily compressed.• Compression means that their

molecules are pushed closer together.• It refers to taking a substance and

forcing it into a smaller space.

Why can’t they be compressed?

• Particles are packed tightly together and often arranged in an orderly fashion.

Crystals

• If atoms in a solid are arranged in a regular repeating pattern it is called a crystal lattice.

• A crystal lattice is a very exact organization of atoms.

Solids

• Solids are usually hard because their molecules have been packed together.

• The closer your molecules are, the harder you are.

Solids

• Solids also can hold their own shape. • In the same way that a solid holds its shape,

the atoms inside of a solid are not allowed to move around too much.

Liquids

• A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

Liquids

• Liquids are an in-between state of matter. They can be found in between the solid and gas states.

Liquids

• Liquids are not easily compressed.

Liquids

• Particles in a liquid are free to flow from one location to another.

• Atoms and molecules in liquids are bouncing and floating around, free to move where they want.

Liquids

• Particles in a liquid are close in contact with one another, but the arrangement is not rigid or orderly (no crystal structure).

Liquids

• A force called cohesion keeps liquids together. – It makes the molecules in a liquid attract one

another.

Gases

• A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

Gases

• Gases can expand to fill any volume.

Gases

• Gases are random groups of atoms.

Gases

• Gases are really spread out and the atoms and molecules are full of energy. They are bouncing around constantly.

Gases

• Gases can fill a container of any size or shape. That is one of their physical characteristics.– However, the atoms and molecules are spread

equally throughout the entire space they occupy.

Gases

• Gases hold huge amounts of energy.• Gases bounce everywhere and they try to

spread themselves out.

Gases

• Particles are usually much further apart.– Because of this, gases are easily compressed into

smaller volumes. • With very little pressure, when compared to

liquids and solids, their molecules can be compressed.

• Compression of gases is very easy.

Compressibility

Vapors

• Vapors have no define shape or volume.• They are substances that are not usually

gaseous at room temperature. • They are liquid or solid at room temperature.• Vapors have the same properties as gases.

Vapors

• Vapors are not the same as gases. • The term gases is reserved for substances that

are usually gaseous at room temperature. • The term vapors is reserved for substances

that are liquid or solid at room temperature. • However, vapors have the same properties as

gases.