Bell Work: Answer the questions below after the HWQ

*What does the snake represent?

*What does the rabbit represent?

*What is the snake going to do to the rabbit?

*Why?

The Futile Search for Stability

Chapter 17 Section 1

Objective

Explain how peace was temporary after WWI– League of Nations– Inflation in Germany– Failed attempts for peace

Problem with Peace: League of Nations

Wilson knew problems would arise– hoped League of Nations

would help settle problems

Problem with the plan– US did not join

to avoid involvement in European affairs

– Germany did not join– No real power

French Demands

Treaty called for Reparations Determined Germany owes 132 billion German marks

– $33 billion US

First payment was in 1921– 2nd payment never came– Germany could not pay more

France is furious– Occupied Ruhr Valley

Germany’s industrial and mining center collect by taking profits

Inflation in Germany

Government adopted policy of passive resistance – Workers went on strike

Government prints more money to pay workers– Caused an inflation – Mark becomes worthless

1914: 4.2 marks = $1 1923: 130 billion marks = $1 Intensified: 4.2 TRILLION marks = $1

German Inflation

Solution: Dawes Plan

France and Germany want solution to the disaster

In 8/1924 Dawes Plan is introduced1. Reduced reparations

2. Coordinated Germany’s ability to pay with payments

3. US Granted $200 million loan for Germany recovery American investment begins in Europe

Alleviated problems for 5 years, until WHEN?

Dawes Plan Flow Chart

What would happen if one of the parts “fell” out of the flow?

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Originally between France & the United states

American Sec of State Kellogg Foreign minister Briand

63 nations signed

Pledged to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy”– no consequences if they broke

pact

Video Clip

The People’s Century– Lost Peace: 11 minutes (after 2 min of commercial)

Answer the following while watching the clip:– Describe how Europe was affected by WWI &

the Treaty of Versailles. Changes, events, etc.

Describe how Europe was affected by WWI & the Treaty of Versailles

Right at the end: People were happy/hopeful

Generation was traumatized by the warfare/trenches

Wilson’s hope / League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles – Germans were in dismay

Austria-Hungarian Empire is destroyed

New nations were created– Czech, Poland, Yugoslavia

League of Nations meets’– US, Russia & Germany don’t

attend

Germany almost completely disarmed– Other countries fail to comply

with disarmament Self-determination

– Plebiscites (elections) are held Refugees

– from land changing hands

Germany angered– Land taken– Reparations– Inflation– unemployment– no pity from France/GB

Anti-War ~ Literature & movies

Bell Work

Pair share ideas from Video– Describe how Europe was affected by

WWI & the Treaty of Versailles.Changes, events, etc.

– Share 3 ideas with 3 different people

Be ready to– Share with the class– Positive or negative??

Global Depression: Democracy is on the defensive

Objectives

Explain the causes of the Global Depression

Discuss the responses to the depression– Government responses– Explain Keynes’ theory

The Great Depression

– Depression: A period characterized by low economic activity (production & spending) and rising unemployment

Causes of the Great Depression

1st Factor

- downturns in economies of individual nations

2nd Factor

- U.S. Stock Market Crash

- European stability was due to US bank loans to Germany (see Dawes)

- US stopped investing in Europe & other areas

- Caused depression around the world

Global Depression: What is happening?

The Great Depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich and poor.

– Unemployment in the United States rose to 25%, some countries rose as high as 33%.

– Massive inflation– Cities all around the world were hit

hard, especially those dependent on industry.

– Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60 percent

First response to the Depression

Governments did not know how to react – Lowered wages– Decreased production– Governments didn’t want to spend too much $– Decreased trade

Made the depression worse. Why?

To Do:

Depression Reading – in pairs

– Read each section out loud or to yourselves

– Write the main idea of each section in the right column

Circle or star anything that you do not understand

Finish for homework

Bell Work:

Use your notes from the reading to create a Web (graphic organizer) for one of the following:

– Fascist Dictatorship– Communist Dictatorship– Welfare Capitalism

Ultimate Responses Dictatorship

– Germany, Italy, Japan & Central America Prices dropped Countries lost money

– Social unrest = military dictators promising order

For control

Welfare Capitalism– Canada, GB, France & US– Government assumed responsibility not control

Provided security against bankruptcy & unemployment

Keynes: Had a different idea

John Maynard Keynes - British economist

– depressions: Government must step in – increase spending

– Unemployment came from decline in demand

– Demand can be increasedPut money back into the system

– If necessary: governments may have to go into deficit

spending

To Do:

Reading Totalitarianism– Read the first section: Totalitarianism– Fill in the Totalitarian Concept Map

Homework: – Finish Concept map– Finish Reading

Be able to answer questions in class tomorrow

Bell Work: Think Pair Share!

Get together with a partner– Share characteristics of Totalitarianism

Use Concept map

Rise of DictatorsChapter 17 Section 2

Totalitarianism

Objectives

Explain why many countries had adopted totalitarian dictatorial regimes  – Why did people accept it?

Explain how those regimes aimed to control their citizens for state goals.

Rise of Dictators Current State in Europe - 1939

– France and Great Britain were democratic– other states turned to totalitarian dictators

Totalitarian Ideology – (ideas from concept map)

– Rejects the existing society Corrupt or immoral Current gov’t is the cause of all the country’s

problems

Totalitarianism:– Government aims to control all aspects of

the lives of citizens political, economic, social, intellectual, and

cultural

Totalitarian State: Characteristics

Demand conformity– control citizens– use propaganda

techniques

Had single leader and single party

Glorifies the state above the individual– Individual was

subordinate to the collective will No individual freedoms

Types of TotalitarianismRight-Wing

Nazi / Fascist– Hitler– Mussolini

Middle Class seeking to maintain power– Keep the class system

Appeals to the elite class

Left-Wing

Communist– Mao Tse tung– Stalin

Working class seeking equality– Eliminate the classes

Appeals to the workers– Usually a revolution

Fascism in ItalyExample of Totalitarianism

Suffered economic problems after WWI– Strikes & protests became

common

– Created pathway for

Benito Mussolini - Il DuceThe 1st Fascist

Fascist Ideology – Emphasized Totalitarianism– Subordination of the individual to the state– Control all aspects of society

Even if violence is necessary

So why follow him?– Nationalism

We are the best, we deserve to rule

– Need for a strong leader Your government is not working I can help you … Give me power

Benito Mussolini - Il DuceThe 1st Fascist

To Do: Video Clip The People’s Century

– Lost Peace: 10 minutes (more if needed)

Answer the following while watching the clip:– What promises were made by Hitler &

Mussolini?– What were the problems with the League of

Nations?– What were the feelings in the US & Britain?– What was the reaction of France & GB when

Hitler annexed Austria?

Answers What promises were made by Hitler?

– Remove burdens of the Treaty of Versailles– Promised work & bread for all, eliminate unemployment

Mussolini?– A new Roman Empire

What were the problems with the League of Nations?– Failed to stop invasion of Ethiopia or Manchuria– US still not a member, Hitler takes Germany out

What were the feelings in the US?– Isolationism, no more war, no part. in foreign wars

Britain?– Fear war is inevitable– Demand peace, pacifist movements

What was the reaction of France & GB when Hitler annexed Austria?– They do nothing

To Do

Read Chapter 17 Section 3– Hitler wks (Due Monday)

Bell Work: page 557

Political effects of the Great Depression– Government has a greater role– Extremist political parties

Why would people accept extremist rulers?– Promised a better life, equality– Simple solutions in exchange for power– Promise greatness

Why would these leaders go to war?– Likely seek more power by conquering other nations

Bell Work What do you know about Hitler?

Discuss in class

Objective Explain Hitler’s ideas and where they came from

Video: Portrait of a Tyrant

To Do Finish Hitler worksheet for Monday

Bell Work

Homework Quiz

“We must develop organizations in which an individual’s entire life can take place. …every activity and every need of every individual will be regulated by the collectivity represented by the party…there is no free will…the time of personal happiness is over”

- Hitler

Hitler and Nazi Germany

Objectives

Examine Hitler and his beliefs Explain how they appealed to the German nation

Describe the rise of Hitler Understand Hitler’s goal for Germany Explain how he tries to achieve this goal

Background: Who was Hitler?

His ideas Racism & anti-Semitism Extreme nationalist

After WWI service, wanted to enter politics military injury with mustard gas gave him a vision

to save Germany

Beer Hall Putsch In 1919 joined

extremist group in Munich German-Workers’ Party

became known as the Nazi Party

Hitler planned an uprising the Beer Hall Putsch (coup) Munich in 1923

Hitler’s uprising was crushed Hitler was arrested for high

treason

Mein Kampf

In prison he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Content Nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-

communism Links with Social Darwinism

Emphasized right of superior nations to lebensraum (“living space”) through expansion

The Rise of the Party Hitler gains power

Legal means, not violence Followed the rules of the Weimar Republic

Nazi party must have enough votes to gain control Uses propaganda

attack on the failures of the "Weimar system” By 1931, it was the largest party in Reichstag

Hindenburg allowed Hitler to become chancellor

The Nazis Take Control “Enabling Act passed by Reichstag

gave government power to ignore the constitution for 4 years No longer needed President Hindenburg

Within 7 months totalitarian state was established Demand conformity

concentration camps for any opposition

Had single leader and single party Hitler became sole ruler

Hindenburg died All political parties except Nazi party were eliminated

Glorifies the state above the individual all institutions under state control

The Nazi State

Goal: Wanted the development of the Aryan race to

dominate Europe create an empire like Rome

The Third Reich

Hitler’s Success?? economic policies & terror

Reasons for Success

Economic difficulties Unemployment has risen

4.4 million to 5.5 million in 1 year

Hitler promised a new Germany Appealed to nationalism and militarism

They saw him as a savior Hitler used public work projects to employ people

A massive rearmament program Took credit for drop in unemployment

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1932 1934 1937

uemployment

Use of Terror

Used “Guard Squadrons” or SS to maintain order The main purpose enforcement of Nazi racial doctrine and anti-

Semitic policies

Heinrich Himmler Controlled the SS AND regular police forces Opened the first concentration camps

One of the main architects of the Holocaust

To Do:

Reading: Stalin Book – pages 563-565 Answer questions

Bell Work: Read the 1st & 2nd Columns of the Reading:

A new Era in Russia Answer the following questions

Explain the NEP.

Compare and contrast the two parties that resulted from Lenin’s death.

A New Era in the USSR: Stalin

Objectives Describe the divide in leadership after

Lenin’s death

During the Civil War

Lenin followed war communism Government controlled most industries

Peasants retaliated by hoarding their food Drought followed = famine Then -- the industry suffered

End result Peasants blame Lenin

After the Civil War

Lenin’s New Economic Policy To save Russia

forgets war communism focuses on NEP

NEP: was a modified version of the capitalistic system some small privately owned and operated stores Large industry & banking remained government owned

Rise of the Soviet Union Lenin and Communists formally create USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union) By this time: Things were better

Revived market production rose No more famine

Credit given to NEP for saving the USSR temporary ????? return to a communist state???

Lenin Dies

Trotsky and Stalin have problems

Trotsky was in charge of the military

Stalin was party secretary Appointed party officials Thousands of officials he

appointed supported him

Gained complete control of the Communist Party

Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky struggle for control when Lenin dies in 1924

Stalin wins the power struggle and Trotsky is exiled and later murdered

Most believe thathis rival Stalin had

him murdered

To Do:

• Finish reading and answer questions.

Did not get along with sons or daughter Son tried committing suicide but was unsuccessful, which

only led to Stalin continuing to harass him. Left son in German concentration camp where he killed himself by running into an electric fence

1st wife died of illness and 2nd wife killed herself Daughter’s relationship with father tense, and she emigrated

to America Other son died of alcoholism

Bell WorkWho are the two men in the cartoon?

What was their relationship?

How do they feel about each other now?

What are they accusing each other of doing?

Joseph Stalin

Lenin

Objectives

• Explain how Stalin gained power in Russia• Explain Stalin’s rule in the Soviet Union• Describe the affects of his rule on the

people

Stalin’s Impact:Five Year Plan

Goal: transform Russia into a

modern state

Agriculture to industrial Ended NEP Replaced with Five Year Plan

Set economic goals for five years

Five Year Plan 1st Five Year Plan focused on maximum

production of military equipment Increase industry as fast as possible

Make money for the state Make the state powerful

Remember the Industrial Revolution in England?

Costs of Industrialization: Just like England, but worse Collectivism

private farms were eliminated Government owned all land and made the peasants work the land

Led to: devastating effects Livestock slaughtering hoarding food led to widespread famine

10 million peasant deaths (says Stalin)

Stalin “gave” each farm worker one tiny, privately owned lot

Price of resistence

Anyone who resisted Stalin was isolated to Siberia Removed from power (Bolsheviks) Eliminated: army officials, diplomats, union officials, intellectuals, and citizens

Millions sent to concentration camps (Gulag) Never returned

Some Executed

To Do

• Video: Red Terror (Start about 10 minutes in)

– Fill out the video guide

Exit Slip• What do you think of Stalin?

– I never knew…

– I was shocked …

– What one word best describes Stalin?

“Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas.”

Go over . . . . • What do you think of Stalin?

– I never knew…

– I was shocked …

– What one word best describes Stalin?

“Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas.”

To Do Read Gulag introduction

Answer questions Discuss as a class

Finish Gulag Web quest For tomorrow

Gulag discussion???

Depression and dictator test

Swing kid introduction questions Hitler youth questions????

Swing Kids Day One

Go over Swing Kid questions Explain the HJ Start Movie

Minutes 1-33 Peter gets arrested

Day One Start 34 min (Knopp talks to Peter) End 100 min ( TV scenes of Hitler in Austria)

Day One Start 110 min (Swing Club – Arvid plays) End 147 – Go over examples – Examples of

Totalitarianism