Bell Work

What does cultural diversity mean to you?

Can you think of a culture different from yours that you have had an interaction with. What was “different” about it?

Standards

4) Evaluate factors that contribute to effective communication and explain how these factors contribute to the development of quality patient care. Using role-play, demonstrate practices to effectively manage communication barriers, cultural differences and clients with special needs.

5) Differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communication when interacting with patients. Examine specific techniques for effective communication and evaluate how different cultures attach different meanings to communication techniques.

Objectives

Define and differentiate between culture, ethnicity, and race.

Evaluate how different cultures attach meanings to various communication techniques.

Consider how healthcare professionals may respond to patients with differing religious beliefs and practices.

Culture

Set of values, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a group of people

Learned and shared

Dynamic and changing

What is an example of how cultures change?

Ethnicity

Classification of people based on national origin

Examples: African American, Asian American, European American, Hispanic American, Middle Eastern/Arabic American, Native American

RaceClassification of people based on physical or biological characteristics

Involves multiple cultures and ethnic groups

Cultural Diversity

Differences based on cultural, ethnic, and racial factors

Must be considered when providing health care

Healthcare providers must recognize and appreciate the characteristics of all patients

Areas of Cultural Diversity

Family organization

Language

Personal space

Touching

Eye contact

Gestures

Health care beliefs

Spirituality

Religion

Cultural Diversity Impacts

Beliefs about such things as:

Birth

Death

Health

Illness

Health Care

Important Terms related to

Cultural DiversityEthnocentrism: assumption of cultural superiority

Oppression: result of ethnocentrism

Stereotyping: the belief that all members of a cultural group act alike

Dominant culture: prevailing group within a given society

Minority group: those of fewer numbers

Cultural assimilation: the absorption of the minority into the dominant culture

Acculturation: cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture.

Other Components of Cultural

Diversity

Culture is composed of beliefs about:• Activity - how people organize and value work.

• Social relations - structure of friendships, gender roles and class.

• Motivation - the value and methods of achievement.

• Perception of the world - interpretation of life events and religious beliefs.

• Perception of self - refers to personal identity, value, and respect for individuals.

Characteristics of Cultural Diversity

Culture is learned

Culture is not inherited or innate, but integratedthroughout all interrelated components

Culture is shared by all who belong to the cultural group

Culture is tacit (unspoken) and understood by all in the cultural group

Culture is dynamic

If you were born in Fiji or Russia, do you think you would behave, think, and feel, the same as you do now as an American?

Cultural & Health Care

How different cultures view the following variables affects health care in significant ways.

• Definition of health: what is it?

• Etiology: what are the origins of disease?

• Do some people believe all disease comes from bacteria, viruses, etc.? Where?

• Health Promotion and Protection: how is health achieved and maintained?

• Practitioners and Remedies: who and what can heal a person?

Cultural Roots

Unlike opinions, preferences, and attitudes, which can change, cultural characteristics are deeply rooted and difficult to change.

Clients reflect their cultural and ethnic heritage every time they interact with the world around them.

Cultural & Racial Influences on

Client Care

Culture and race influence client care in the areas of:

Communication

Orientation to Space and Time

Social Organization

Religion

Communication

Language differences can lead to misunderstandingsand frustration.

Alternative methods of communication, such as flash cards and gestures, may have to be used.

Family members or staff interpreters may also be necessary to intercede.

Orientation to Space and Time

Issues around personal space and future orientation vary from culture to culture and impact the effective delivery of health care.

This involves proximity or how close a person is to another

Social Organization

Social organization refers to how different cultural groups determine rules of acceptable behavior. Examples include:

Family Structure. (Who’s the boss or leader? Who is the oldest?)

Gender Roles.

Religion.

Religion

Culture is influenced by religion, which in turn affects beliefs and practices about health and illness.

Spiritual and religious beliefs are important in many people’s lives. They can influence lifestyle, attitudes, and feelings about illness and death.

Client Cultural Assessment

Six categories of information necessary for a comprehensive cultural assessment of a client are:

Ethnic or racial background.

Language and communication patterns.

Cultural values and norms.

Biocultural (environmental) factors.

Religious beliefs and practices.

Health beliefs and practices.

Culturally Appropriate Care

Respect clients for their different beliefs.

Be sensitive to behaviors and practices different from your own.

Accommodate differences if they are not detrimental to health.

Listen for cues in the client’s conversation that relay a unique ethnic belief about etiology, transmission, prevention, etc.

Teach positive health habits if client’s practices are deleterious to good health.

Group Activity:

Religious Beliefs and Practices

http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/pastoral/resed/diversity_points.html

Click on the link.

As a group read through the points to consider about the 7 religious groups.

Make a diagram depicting the belief or practice, the challenge it might bring to the hospital setting, and the possible response to respect the patient.

I will model the first one with you.

Bell Work

Take 10 minutes to work on Cultural Diversity Diagrams

Standards

4) Evaluate factors that contribute to effective communication and explain how these factors contribute to the development of quality patient care. Using role-play, demonstrate practices to effectively manage communication barriers, cultural differences and clients with special needs.

5) Differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communication when interacting with patients. Examine specific techniques for effective communication and evaluate how different cultures attach different meanings to communication techniques.

Objectives

Define cultural competence and distinguish this concept from cultural diversity.

Explore ways we can practice cultural competence through a group research project.

What is cultural competence?

“The willingness and ability to effectively interact with people from diverse cultures and backgrounds.”Just because I know that Muslim’s practice the religion of Islam, does that mean I am competent in my ability to effectively communicate with a Muslim?

Example: fasting, prayer…

It takes more than knowing facts about a culture to be ability to communicate, interact, and maneuver within that culture.

Cultural Competence Video

with guided notes…This video is about 25 minutes long!

Follow along with the guided notes and fill in the blank.

At the end of the guided notes, you will be prompted to describe your own culture in 7-10 sentences.

You will turn this worksheet in.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6JtlHjN-pg&index=27&list=FLERstYMA_-qq13Plc8ZV--g

Are first impressions always

accurate?

Where are these individuals from?

Where do they live?

What is the definition of culture

again?“Values, beliefs, attitudes,

languages, symbols, rituals,

behaviors and customs unique to

a group of people and are passed

from one generation to another.”

The sub-culture of church/religious group.Religious

groups render

their own

culture!

This is my

“church

family.”

Sometimes

these are even

closer bonds

than blood

family.

The sub-culture of the military.

The Army has

its own values.

The sub-culture of healthcare.On the job, we come

from all different

walks of life,

religions, beliefs,

values…cultures and

form our own!!!

We have our own

language!

Our own sense of

time, space, urgency,

and motivation!

We have a common

goal and purpose!

Cultural Diversity Group Project

You and your partner will be assigned THREE countries to research.

Use the link on the class website to guide your thoughts on what to present in the PPT.

Exit Ticket

What is the difference between culture, ethnicity, and race?

Can a person have the same ethnicity and race, but have a different culture?

What are three examples of what makes cultures diverse from each other?

What is the importance of understanding different cultures to the healthcare professional?