Bellringer #3 What do you already know about the

Protestant Reformation? Who was involved? When did it begin? What were some of the new ideas?

Write 1 paragraph!

The Protestant Reformation

Chapter 14 Sections 3 & 4

Essential Questions What were the characteristics of Northern

Renaissance (Christian) Humanism? What were the chief ideas of Lutheranism,

Zwinglianism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism? What role did politics play in the creation

and spread of the Protestant Reformation?

Causes of the Reformation Renaissance ideas

(humanism, glorification of the individual)

The Catholic Church after the Middle Ages was weaker (plague, political control)

Printing press (allowed information to spread faster, allowed lay people to read the Bible for themselves)

Northern Renaissance(Christian) Humanism

Taken from Italian Renaissance humanism’s study of the classics

Goal was to reform Christendom Desiderius Erasmus

Studied original Christian texts Handbook of the Christian Knight –

Christianity should show how to live, not be rules to get saved

Praise of Folly (1511) – criticized popes

Corruption of the Church

Renaissance Popes (1450 – 1520) Worried about Italian politics (Papal

States) Financial problems (buying art)

Pluralism Absenteeism Indulgences

Sell of salvation People wanted a more meaningful

religious experience

Martin Luther

Born in Germany (Nov. 10, 1483) Studied law until deciding to

become a monk Studied the Bible New idea – justification by faith Salvation was not through good

works, but through faith

Martin Luther Selling of indulgences angered Luther

Pope Leo X trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica

Johann Tetzel Ninety-Five Theses (October 31, 1517)

Wittenberg, Germany Attack on the church and the sell of

indulgences Printed copies spread throughout Germany

Pope Leo X excommunicates in Jan. 1521 Diet of Worms-Luther was made an

outlaw

Lutheranism Translated New Testament into German Salvation through faith alone (not through the

church) Bible is only source of religious truth Peasant’s War

Sided with rulers to keep peace

The Peace of Ausberg The division of Christianity was formally accepted

Bellringer #4 Explain what is meant by justification by

grace through faith alone. List three major areas of corruption within

the Catholic Church that led to the Reformation.

According to Erasmus, what should be the chief concerns of the Christian Church?

Swiss Reforms (Zwinglianism) Huldrych Zwingli (1484 –

1531) Like Lutheranism – salvation

through faith alone Different

Wanted a theocracy (church city-state) in Zurich

Zwingli’s forces defeated by Catholics

Swiss Reforms (Calvinism) John Calvin – born in France in

1509 Studied theology, law, and

humanism Wrote The Institutes of the

Christian Religion Predestination – belief that God is all

powerful and predestined those who were saved

Geneva – began to reform as a theocracy

English Religious Reform Henry VIII – wanted a male heir

Catherine of Aragon – daughter Mary

Nephew was Charles V of HRE

Asked pope for a divorce, pope denied

Henry turns to Parliament for help Act of Supremacy (1534) – King

became head of English church, not the pope

Church keeps most Catholic traditions

English Religious Reform Henry’s Wives

6 wives = 1 son Edward VI (sickly, dies in teens)

Protestant reforms put in changes to the Anglican Church

Mary (“Bloody Mary”) – Catholic, burned Protestants at the stake

Elizabeth I – Protestant, Anglican Church Puritans – “purify” the English

church

Anabaptists Did not want states to have power over

religion Favored by middle and lower class Adult baptism, all members equal Separation of church and state

Would not hold political office or fight in the army

Catholic Reformation Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Ignatius of Loyola Spread Catholicism

Council of Trent Re-affirmed traditional Catholic beliefs Ended selling of indulgences

Inquisition Censorship

Art Latin only language to read the Bible Baroque style – emotional