bellringer on the map, label: – britain – spain – italy – greece – russia – asia minor...
TRANSCRIPT
Bellringer• On the map,
label:–Britain–Spain–Italy–Greece
–Russia–Asia Minor–Mediterranean –Black Sea
Agenda
1. Byzantine GRAPES
ObjectivesStudents will be able to…
51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire.
52. Assess the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
53. Explain the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.
The Byzantine Empire
Objective #51
G
• Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine Empire• Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt,
Palestine• Capital: Constantinople
Location is Everything
• Why Constantinople?–Rule #3–Far from the Germans–Natural defenses
Maps!
Asia Minor
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Spain (Iberia)
ItalyGreece
Arabia
Canaan/ Judea
Egypt
Caspian Sea
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R• Christianity, of course• Schism–Pope and patriarch–Icons–Language–Marriage and celibacy
• Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox
(Objective #52)
A
• Preserved Greco-Roman culture–Germans were illiterate
• Art –Especially icons and mosaics
Byzantine Art• Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle
Eastern styles• Emphasized two themes–The glory of the emperor and
empire–The Church
• Use lots of bright colors!
Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?
Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?
Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?
Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?
Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?
Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?
Other Achievements
(write them now, explained in a moment)• Constantinople–Hagia Sophia
• Justinian Code• Surviving for 1000 years
P
• Empire • Monarchy• Theocracy?
• Famous ruler: Justinian
Justinian• Restores the glory of
Rome–Rebuilds Constantinople–Re-conquers Roman
territory–Reforms the empire
Rebuilding Constantinople
• Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones
Rebuilding Constantinople
• Justinian: modernizes the city–Hospitals–Schools–Palaces–Aqueducts–Law courts–Public baths–Hippodrome (free chariot races!)
Rebuilding Constantinople
• Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)
Re-conquer
Reforms
• Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church• Reforms and strengthens the
bureaucracy and tax collection
Most Important Reform
• Justinian Code–Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies
5,000 Roman laws–Explains how to use and interpret
all the laws–Standard of law in continental
Europe to this day
E
• Trade• Trade• Center of trade• Lots of trade• Trade
E
• Did I mention trade?
• Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)
S
• The usual–Except! Women had more rights
and freedom–Empress Theodora
Byzantines and Russia
Objective #53
Russians
• Slavs + Vikings = Russians• Rest stops on trade network
(/invasion routes) become cities–Connect Baltic and Black Seas
Conversion
• Byzantine missionaries want to convert the Russians to Christianity• Prince Vladimir converts everyone in
Kiev in 989–Hagia Sophia!
Language
• New alphabet: Cyrillic –Invented by Saint Cyril–Slavs had language, but not written
Influence
• Religion• Language • Art• Church design
CULTURAL
DIFFUSIO
N
Bye Bye, Byzantium
Overexpansion
• Just like the Romans!–Bankrupts the empire–New neighbors are enemies–Too large to control
• Learn the lessons of history!
Many Enemies
• In the West–Many Germanic
tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire
• In the East–Persians and
then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717
AD 550
AD 1050
Schism
• Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines–Fewer friends in the West if they
need to call for help–No hope of reuniting Roman lands–Crusaders hurt Constantinople
AD 1350
More Enemies
• Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13th and 14th centuries• Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer
Constantinople in 1453
Know This Date!
Constantinople falls: 1453