bellringer—monday name the (8) parts of speech
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Bellringer—Monday Name the (8) parts of speech What is the difference between primary and secondary sources? Give an example of a common error you or your friends make that is considered plagiarism. Bellringer—Monday Name the (8) parts of speech - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Bellringer—Monday
1.Name the (8) parts of speech
2.What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?
3.Give an example of a common error you or your friends make that is considered plagiarism.
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Bellringer—Monday
1.Name the (8) parts of speech2.What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?3.Give an example of a common error you or your friends make that is considered plagiarism.
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Nouns
Nouns describe a •Person•Place•Thing•Idea (abstract)
Ex. Edgar Allen Poe kingdomJealousy tomb
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Pronouns
• Words that take the place of nouns so that writing isn’t unnecessarily repetitive.
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Articles
• A, an, and the
That’s it!!!
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AdjectivesAdjectives describe nouns by answering, “what kind, which one, how many, or how much?”
Cursed kingdomBeautiful Annabel Lee
•How do we turn nouns into adjectives? (see video)
Example?
green love
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Plagiarism
• A writer duplicates another writer’s language or ideas and then calls the work his or her own.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTPv9PtOoo
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Credible Source
• A credible source is one that is considered reliable for use in research.
• Watch the video and look for 5 characteristics of a credible source! (add to your notes!)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehDQB0
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Credible Source
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehDQB0&feature=related
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Primary vs. Secondary Sources
Primary-Example: letters and journals of Christopher
Columbus
Secondary-A biography, written years later, where the
explorer’s actions are explained and told why his/her discoveries were important.
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PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES
Sort the following text types into Primary or Secondary
Diary telegram photo biography autobiography song encyclopedias speeches
Letters journals original documents newspaper articles magazine articles textbooks Primary Secondary
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PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES
How did you do???
Diary telegram photo biography autobiography song encyclopedias speeches
Letters journals original documents newspaper articles magazine articles textbooks
Primary Secondary
Diary telegram photoAutobiography songs/recordingsSpeech letter journalOriginal document Notes
BiographyEncyclopediaNewspaper Magazine articleTextbooks
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CREDIBLE SOURCES
Credible sources and civil rights- You Tube
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Bibliography and MLA• A bibliography is…
– a list of sources provided at the conclusion of a research project, so that a reader may locate your sources for future study.
• The Modern Language Association (MLA)…– sets expectations and rules for citing sources so that
we all site sources the same way.
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WHY MUST YOU DO A BIBLIOGRAPHY?
• 1. To acknowledge/give credit to sources for any summarized or paraphrased material
• 2. To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them
• 3. To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic
• 4. To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy
• 5. Bibliographies are REQUIRED for ALL academic papers
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WHAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN A BIBLIOGRAPHY?
• AUTHOR• TITLE• PLACE OF PUBLICATION• PUBLISHER• DATE OF PUBLICATION• PAGE NUMBER(S) (For articles from magazines,
journals, periodicals, newspapers, encyclopedias, or in anthologies).
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Bibliography and MLA
Website1.Title of Page: Children’s Alliance: Child Obesity2.Title of Website: Children’s Alliance3.Date of access: use today’s date4.URL (Web address): http://www.childrensalliance.org/childfacts/childhood-obesity.cfm
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Bibliography and MLA
Magazine Article1.Author: Carmen Wong Ulrich2.Article Title: Stop Stressing Over Money-Now!3.Magazine Title: Health4.Date: April 20065.Pages: 126-128
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Bibliography and MLA
Book 1.Author: Edward Cornish 2.Title: Futuring: The Exploration of the Future 3.City of Publication: Bethesda, Maryland 4.Publisher: World Future Society 5.Date: 2004
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Primary vs. Secondary Source
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV7aZiJABag&feature=related
•
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GRAMMAR • Nouns:http://www.schooltube.com/video/
21001073474c19344891/• Pronouns:http://www.schooltube.com/video/
cf3e7fff3db76def26a8/• Adjectives:http://www.schooltube.com/video/
964198d6a8d99911f4dc/• Articles
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Verbs— http://www.schooltube.com/video/e388bbec8911133a9e35/school%20house%20rock%20verb•A word that expresses action or a state of being
•Action• ran, played, talking, jump, etc.
•State of Being • am, is, are, was, were, will, can, etc.
• Remember verb tenses? • -s, -ed, -ing
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Adverbs—http://www.schooltube.com/video/054c4aca89b412d90612/
•Tells…• where—(then, now, etc.) • when—(yesterday, today, etc.)) • how—(successfully, cheerfully, easily, etc.) • how often—(always, never, daily, etc.)) • how long—(briefly, etc.) • to what extent—(very, especially, etc.) • how much—(often, etc.)
• Hint: Many end in –ly (quickly, daily, etc.)
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Interjections—http://www.schooltube.com/video/5eb2d59975159f0343b7/School%20House%20Rock%20-%20Interjections
•A word that expresses emotion
•Interjections are usually.. • followed by an exclamation point—Yikes! • set off by a comma—Well,…• set off by two commas—I’d guess, oh, two
pounds.
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Conjunctions—http://www.schooltube.com/video/9d37200dbcb55fe20cfc/School%20House%20Rock%20-%20Conjunction%20Junction%20(Grammar%20Rock)
•A word that joins words or word groups
•Two types:• Coordinating (, conjunction)—FANBOYS
• Ex: My dog is afraid, so he is hiding under the bed.
• Correlative/Subordinate—Glue words• Ex: Since we played outside, we were tired.• Ex: We were tired because we played
outside.
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Prepositions—http://www.schooltube.com/video/2163c5107660f0348ed2/Grammar%20Rock%20Preposition
•A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word
• Hint: anywhere a mouse can go! (above, through, over, past, into, in, inside, etc.)
• Other examples—according to, from, out of, throughout, without
Example:The waves crashed…under, on, against, in
front of the rocks.
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Begin Begin sentence types sentence types and and sentence errorssentence errors!!
Practice quiz—class set Practice quiz—class set
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Sentence FragmentStarting with pg. 4
Missing a:Subject ORVerb ORNot a complete thought
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Fused Run-on sentence:
(2) complete sentences without any punctuation
Add a semicolonAdd a , conjunction Add a period
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Comma Splice Run-on sentence:
Inserting a comma between (2) complete sentences---WRONG!
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Simple Sentence:Starting on pg. 3
one independent clause no subordinate clauses
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Compound Sentence:
two or more independent clauses no subordinate clauses
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Complex Sentence:
one independent clause at least one subordinate clause.
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Compound-Complex Sentence:
two or more independent clauses at least one subordinate clause.
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Propaganda techniques
Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002
Whose voice guides your choice?
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What is Propoganda?
Propaganda is the use of facts, ideas, or claims to persuade people to support a particular opinion.
The trick: author’s only provide facts and opinions that support their view.
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Propaganda is … … form of communication … aimed at swaying or influencing your attitude
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Experts vs.Big Names
Example: Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines.
Experts? Professionals with specialized knowledgeBig Names? Famous,
Big name or expert?
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Quoting Experts
• Experts are professionals who work and or study a specific topic or area of knowledge.
• Often includes physicians, lawyers, professors, researchers and analysts.
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Big Names
• Insert celebrity Ad
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Statistics
Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.
Factual information told in numbers or some measurable way.
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Emotional Appeal/Loaded Words
The use of words that evoke strong emotional responses.
Compassionate moms who love their babies choose B diapers. Gentle fibers nurture a baby’s skin.
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Emotional Appeal/Loaded
language
Example: Your generous donation might just get this puppy off the street and into a safe home.
Specific words or images intended to connect a reader’s emotional response to a persuasion topic. (sad puppy= adoption ads)
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Emotional words example: luxury, beautiful, paradise, economical
Used to evoke positive feelings
Happiness
Low price
Fun
Flag (patriotism)
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Glittering Generalities
• Similar to emotional appeal, language that works hard to play on your emotions, but isn’t always logical.
“Pure, fresh, mountain spring water. Bottled especially for you in Utah from only our purest mountain springs.”
What seems a bit “illogical” to you?
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Glittering Generality example: Gatorade: "Life is a sport, drink it up!“
That sounds good, but what does it mean??
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RepetitionA repeated phrase used to create a desired effect---sometimes with the help of sound devices such as alliteration or assonance.
“You'll never put a better bit of butter on your knife."
~ Country Life Butter slogan
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Research
Example: According to Dr. Spock, a representative from ABC Medical Center, a recent study found that students who watch TV during the week don’t do as well in school.
The use of scientific “study” to form facts and gather info
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BandwagonStrategy that insists that “everybody’s doing it”—that the audience should join the “majority”
8 out of ten college athletes depend on Z sports drink to quench their thirst during the game.
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Testimonial
Example: It’s easy. It’s fast. It feels good! And now, thanks to my purchase, I can shake it up at home where it’s convenient,”
Relies on the “story” or “experience” of an individual with whom the audience can identify.
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What is Bias?
• Bias is an unfair prejudice about someone or something.
• It doesn’t allow for exceptions.
• It usually shows extreme favor or disfavor for a product, group, etc.
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Examples of Bias• Individuals that wear all black?
• Others based on appearance? (What types of judgments do we place on certain styles of dress and appearance?)
• Bias based on ethnicity? (What things do we pretend to know about certain races or cultural groups?)
• Gender? (What do or can all girls do? Boys? How do boys act? Girls?)
• Geographic locations (like Kentuckians)
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Relevant vs. IrrelevantRelevantRelevant““logical” argument logical” argument Info that is practical and supports a claim Info that is practical and supports a claim wellwell
IrrelevantIrrelevantOff topicOff topicHas claims that are unrelated Has claims that are unrelated
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Let’s practice Persuasive terms on Let’s practice Persuasive terms on
the back of the practice quiz handout! the back of the practice quiz handout!
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Claim/Thesis
Example: I am going to try to convince you that chocolate is a healthy snack.
Statement of your argument.
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Thesis Statement Format
Opposing side, my opinion because three reasons.
Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.
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Example of a thesisthesis statement:
A.Topic: nuclear powerB.Opposing View: Nuclear power is a popular in some places.C.Opinion: Nuclear power is a not an reliable power source .D.3 Reasons 1.It is potentially dangerous2. It is more expensive than other alternatives.3. It causes water, land and air pollution.Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.
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Now…write this example and label it!
Opposing side, my opinion because three reasons.
Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.
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Thesis statement = A+B+C + DAlthough it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.
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Thesis---Let’s Try this…A. Topic : Keep Study Hall or Get Rid ofB. Opposing Opinion:C. My opinion:D. Three Reasons
---
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Main ideaMain ideaMain idea of the Main idea of the entireentire passage passageTopic sentences:Topic sentences:States the topic of each paragraphStates the topic of each paragraphPoints 1 2 and 3 from thesis statement Points 1 2 and 3 from thesis statement Supporting Details:Supporting Details:Stay on topic and support your thesis Stay on topic and support your thesis statement/topic sentencesstatement/topic sentences
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Main Idea? Detail? Not Supporting Detail?
1. ______A study at one prison show that owning a pet can change a hardened prison inmate into a more caring person.
2. ______Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living alone and those in nursing homes, became more interested in life when they were given pets to care for.
3. ______These animals are certainly helpful to mental illness, but require a lot of care, money, and maintenance.
4. ______ Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy t o hold.
5. ______ Animals, then, can be a means of therapy for many kinds of individuals.
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Transitions - SORT THESE!
First, similarly, on the other hand, therefore, consequently, finally, eventually, likewise, however, even though, although, Later, as a result,
Sequence Compare Contrast Cause and Effect
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Formal vs. Informal?• See video
• Letter editing activity (handout—class set)
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Redundant• Repetitive (repeating yourself over and over!)
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Reading Strategies & Informational Text—starting with page 1 Inference is an educated guess. Every good inference needs evidence from the text to support it.
Objective Summary: For a story, you should retell the plot elements. For Nonfiction, retell the main idea plus some major details.
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Informational ReadingMAIN IDEA- Central idea of the entire passage—
every paragraph has to support the main idea
STATED- Main idea is written directly in the article. It is usually the first sentence but can be anywhere in the paragraph. (Same as topic sentence)
IMPLIED- Main idea is found by reading each
sentence and deciding what major idea the author is trying to teach you using these sentences.
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Summary vs. ParaphraseSummarize- Use the basic idea of a source,
but make the summarized idea shorter and in your own words.
Paraphrasing- Use the basic idea, but change the language and the order of the words. The idea and length do not change.
What activities make these concepts important? (Think back to what we’ve written this year)
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Author’s PurposePersuade—advertisement, editorial,
speech
Inform—encyclopedia, textbook, documentary
Entertain—movie, comic books, fiction stories, poetry
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Text Structures: Sequence/Chronological Order—steps Ex. Recipes,
directions, timelines first, lastly, Compare/Contrast—finds similarities and
differences between (2) things on the other hand, however
Ex: “Flipped,” Poetry O.R.Q. Problem/solution—states a problem and offers a
solutionCause/effect—gives the causes of an issue and its
effectsProcess/Procedure--how to do something
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Verb Tense Describes when an action or state of being
took place.
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Parallel Structures:Keep the sentence the same tense when
listingMaintain the same structure in sentences!
Stacy enjoys the park, riding horses, and does painting. Why is the example wrong?
Write a sentence in present tense Write a sentence in past tense Write a sentence in future tense
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WARNING- Effort today may lead to a successful final examPart 1- 44. Dashes33. Sentence types 45. Quotation Marks34. Sentence Errors 46. STOP35. Redundancy36. Transitions41. CommasA, B, C, D, and E42. Colons43. Semi-colons
If a term or item has an explanation next to it, note it PLUS at least one example exercise! Take this practice seriously, and tomorrow, you’ll be glad you did!