bellwork 9/24 using zinn ch. 7, answer the following: 1.explain president jackson’s strategy for...
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BELLWORK 9/24Using Zinn ch. 7, answer the following:1. Explain President Jackson’s strategy for conquering native
land.2. How were treaties used by the U.S. government to take
native land? Why did natives continue to sign treaties if the U.S. continued to break them?
3. Describe the progression of the state of Florida. How did it switch between Spanish-Native-U.S. control?
4. THINKER: To what extent did Native American removal make way for the successes and development of the United States?
Westward Expansion
A new nation grows
Motive #1: Over-Population in the East• In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the 13
states.• By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24
states.• Average American woman had five
children.• Half of America’s population was under
17.• Competed with immigrants for jobs• Many people felt that in order to achieve
success within a huge population they would have to move West.
1610 3,800
1620 4,100
1630 4,600
1650 50,400
1670 111,900
1690 210,400
1700 250,900
1720 466,200
1740 905,600
1750 1,170,800
1770 2,148,100
1780 2,780,400
1790 3,929,214
1800 5,308,483
1810 7,239,881
1820 9,638,453
1830 12,866,020
1840 17,069,453
1850 23,191,876
1860 31,443,321
1870 38,558,371
1880 50,189,209
1890 62,979,766
1900 76,212,168
1910 92,228,496
1920 106,021,537
1930 123,202,624
1940 132,164,569
1950 151,325,798
1960 179,323,175
1970 203,211,926
1980 226,545,805
1990 248,709,873
2000 281,421,906
2010 308,745,53
Population growth in
America by decade
Motive #2: Available Farmland West of the Appalachians
Motive #3: Desire for New Opportunity and Wealth
Motive #4: Manifest Destiny• “From sea to shining sea”• Belief that the United
States was destined to expand across the North American continent.
• Used to justify war with Mexico and taking over Native American land.
The Louisiana Purchase• In 1803, President Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy all
of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.• This nearly doubled the size of the U.S.• Next, President Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark to lead explorations of the new territory.• Lewis and Clark traveled all the way to the Pacific Ocean,
while creating the first completed map of the U.S.• Their detailed reports and maps sparked the interest of
Americans and caused thousands of families to move West.
Conflict with Native Americans• Settlers’ views of land and resources
contradicted with Native American traditions. • Both groups felt they had fair claim to the
Western region and Great Plains because they held numerous resources.
• Several groups were hostile to the whites (Shawnee/Apache/Creek) while others tried to assimilate (Cherokee/Chickasaw/Sioux).
• Eventually, white settlers took over and forced them onto reservations: federal lands set aside for their inhabitance.
Native American Removal• When President Jackson came to power, he
authorized the largest Native American removal in history. (1830 Indian Removal Act)
• Trail of Tears (1833): forcible relocation of Natives from the eastern U.S. to Oklahoma.
• On the way, 4,000 of the 15,000 Indians died of diseases and starvation.
Nation
Population east of the MI River before
removal treaty
Removal treaty(year signed)
Years of major emigration
Total number emigrated or
forcibly removed
Deaths during removal
Choctaw 19,554 Dancing Rabbit Creek (1830)
1831–1836 12,5002,000–4,000+ (Cholera)
Creek 22,700 Cusseta (1832) 1834–1837 19,6003,500 (disease after removal)
Chickasaw 4,914 Pontotoc Creek (1832)
1837–1847 over 4,000 500–800
Cherokee
21,500
New Echota (1835)
1836–1838 20,000 2,000–8,000
Seminole 5,000 Payne's Landing (1832)
1832–1842 2,833
Jackson and the Natives• “In possession of land of
their own, which they shall possess as long as grass grows or water runs. I am and will protect them and be their friend and father.”
Manifest Destiny• Florida: Given to the United
States as a part of the Adams - Onis Treaty in 1819….. Why?
• Oregon (1846)- Russia, France, Britain and the United States all had claims in the area – U.S. led negotiations
• Mexican Cession (1848) – The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War added CA, NV, AZ, NM, TX, UT, CO
The Mexican-American War1846-1848
Invasión Estadounidense a México
Background• Mexico suffered political, economic,
and social instability following their revolution from Spain.– 49 presidents in 33 years– Racial hierarchy– Santa Anna = conservative
• 1820: To help pay off debt, Mexico granted permission for Stephen Austin to move 300 families into TX (The First 300)
Stephen Austin and The First 300
Texas Independence• Texas - American settlers had come
to Texas and built plantations and farms….eventually Americans outnumbered Mexicans 4:1
1. Settlers asked Mexico for permission to establish their own independent state.
2. Mexicans refused 3. Texas declared herself independent4. Mexico vs. Texas (Battle of the
Alamo)
• General Sam Houston (leader of Texan revolution; elected Texan President)
• Texans had early defeats (Alamo - 1835)
• Eventually, Texans win independence after Battle of San Jacinto
Remember the Alamo!• During a 13-day siege, Santa Anna led an
assault on the Alamo• Former Roman Catholic mission and
fortress compound (held supplies/weapons)
• 1,500 Mexicans vs. 250 Texans• All Texans were killed, but Santa Anna’s
cruelty caused more Texans and other U.S. citizens to join the fight
• Motivated by revenge, Texas defeats Mexican army at Battle of San Jacinto & wins their independence in 1836!
The Fall of the Alamo (1903) by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk, depicts Davy
Crockett wielding his rifle as a club against Mexican troops who have breached the walls of the mission
Causes of Mexican-American War• 1845: Congress
votes to annex Texas– Mexico views as act
of war• Border raids• Manifest Destiny
American Occupation of Mexico CityBy: Carl Nebel
Why was the U.S. victorious?• Strength and unification of
U.S. military• Instability, debt, organization,
unpopularity of Mexican military
Effects of Mexican-American War• 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe-
Hidalgo• Mexican Cession in exchange for
payment of $15 million• U.S. forgave Mexico’s $3.5 million
debt• Mexico accepted Texas as part of
U.S.• National border became the Rio
Grade• U.S. guaranteed Mexicans
American citizenship • Mexico plunged into a period of
chaos, debt, and political overthrows
This cartoon depicts U.S. General Zachary Taylor sitting atop the skulls of Mexican-
American war casualties
Manifest Destiny • Gadsden Purchase (1853)– US purchased
Southern Arizona and New Mexico to build a railroad to the West coast
Problems settlers faced moving West• Conflict• Exploitation of
natural resources (animals & minerals)
• High death and disease rates
Finish Zinn Ch. 7 by Monday!!!